Abstract
This paper offers the first taxonomic assessment of the morphological and anatomical characters of the seeds of 11 Hyacinthella taxa from Turkey, ten of them are endemic, with the cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Macro-morphologically, all studied species can be differentiated from each other by the seed characters such as shape, size and surface ornamentation. The studied seeds are separated into 5 shapes; triangularis, circularis, ellipticus, ellipticus-late and ovatus. Seed size ranges from 1.51 mm to 3.06 mm in length and from 1.06 mm to 2.04 mm in width. Micro-morphologically, seed surface ornamentation is grouped into 7 types: rugose, reticulate-pusticulate, verrucate, tuberculate, ruminate, reticulate-foveate and alveolate. Anatomically, testa structures of the studied seeds are usually consisted of single layer, the epidermis, formed in the sclerenchymatous tissue. The epidermis layer demonstrates significant differences in cell form, comprising of crushed, flat or polygonal cells, in 1–7 layers, and has surged or straight wall form. The thickness of testa layers varies between 15.77 μm (in H. micrantha) and 49.76 μm (in H. campanulata). In the systematics of the genus Hyacinthella, the seed morphological and anatomical characters are very important characteristics that reveal inter-specific relationships among the studied species. Also, a dichotomous key is provided for the identification of the examined species based on seed characters.
References
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barthlott, W. (1981) Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: Systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1981.tb00704.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bona, M. (2013) Seed-coat microsculpturing of Turkish Lepidium (Brassicaceae) and its systematic application. Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 662–668. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1207-2 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Borkhausen, M.B. (1797) Botanisches Wörterbuch oder Versuch einer Erklärung der vornehmsten Begriffe und Kunstwörter in der Botanik. Gießen, 2 Bände, 510 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Candan, F., Uysal, T., Tugay, O., Bozkurt, M., Ertu?rul, K. & Demirelma, H. (2016) The examinations of achene ultrastructural features of section Acrolophus (Centaurea, Asteraceae) via scanning electron microscopy. Turkish Journal of Botany 40 (2): 147–163. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1503-51 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded Asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chouard, M.P. (1931) Révision de quelques genres et sous-genres de Liliacées bulbeuses d’aprés le développement l’appareil végetatif (Scilla, Endymion, Hyacinthus). Bulletin du Museìum National D’histoire Natürelle 2 (3): 176–180.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Corner, E.J. (1976) The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 783 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Christenhusz, M.J. & Byng, J.W. (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Juss, A. (1789) Antonii Laurentii de Jussieu Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV. Apud Viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois, Parisiis. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.284</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Do?u, S. (2019) Comparative anatomical studies of four Hyacinthella Schur species growing in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48 (4): 981–987. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49038 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ekim, T. (2012) Hyacinthella Schur. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, ?stanbul, pp. 97–98.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erol, O., Üzen, E. & Küçüker, O. (2006) Preliminary SEM observations on the seed testa structure of Gladiolus L. species from Turkey. International Journal of Botany 2: 125–127. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.125.127 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ero?lu, H., Karaismailo?lu, M.C., Pinar, S.M. & Fidan, M. (2021) Seed micromorphology and anatomy of 36 Muscari (Asparagaceae) taxa from Turkey with notes on their systematic importance. Acta Botanica Croatica 80 (2): 146–157. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-015</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Feinbrun, N. (1961) Revision of the genus Hyacinthella Schur. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel / D 10: 324–347.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gavrilovi?, M. & Jana?kovi?, P. (2022) Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae). Acta Botanica Croatica 81 (1): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-028 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Grilli Caiola, M., Leonardi, D. & Canini, A. (2010) Seed structure in Crocus sativus L., C. cartwrightianus Herb., C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. at SEM. Plant Systematics and Evolution 285: 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0261-x </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Govaerts, R., Dransfield, J., Zona, S., Hodel, D.R. & Henderson, A. (2021) World Checklist of Asparagaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accession date: 20 October 2021).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (2012) Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, ?stanbul, 1290 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Heywood, V.H. (1971) Scanning Electron Microscopy. Systematic and Evolutionary Applications, London, 331 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2015) Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Botanica Croatica 74 (1): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2015-0005 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2017) Palynological features of eleven Aethionema taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 24: 197–204.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2019) Comparative morphology and anatomy of seeds of some Aethionema WT Aiton (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 26: 1–12.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. & Erol, O. (2018) Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 591–609. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1709-28 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C., ??k, L., Alm?la, Ç. & Erol, O. (2018) Seed structure of some taxa of the genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) series Crocus. Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 722–731.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. & Güner, Ö. (2019) Nutlet structures of subsection Fragiles of the genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) from Turkey and their systematic applications. Turkish Journal of Botany 43 (5): 659–672. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1712-17 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. & Güner, Ö. (2021) Trichome micromorphology of the genus Stachys sect. Fragilicaulis subsect. Fragilis and its taxonomic implications. Plant Biosystems 155 (4): 833–847.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karamian, R., Behjou, A.M. & Ranjbar, M. (2012) Anatomical findings of Onobrychis sect. Heliobrychis (Fabaceae) in Iran and their taxonomic implications. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 27–37. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1010-2 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koul, K.K., Ranjna, N. & Soom, N.R. (2000) Seed coat microsculpturing in Brassica and allied genera (Subtribes Brassicinae, Raphaninae, Moricandiinae). Annals of Botany 86: 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1197 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kovach, W.L. (2007) MVSP - A MultiVariate Statistical Package for Windows, Ver. 3.1. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvi, Stokholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Manning, J.C. & Staden, J. (1987) The systematic significance of testa anatomy in the Leguminosae - an illustrated survey. South African Journal of Botany 53 (3): 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31433-8 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maratti, G.F. (1772) Plantae Romuleae et Saturniae: In Agro Romano Existentium. 22 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mathew, B. (1973) A New Hyacinthella (Liliaceae) from Turkey. Kew Bulletin 28 (3) 517–519. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108895 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mathew, B. (1987) The Smaller Bulbs. B.T. Batsford, London, pp. 101–103.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meyer, F.K. (1991) Seed-coat anatomy as a character for a new classification of Thlaspi. Flora Vegetation Mundi 9: 9–15.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Özbek, M.U., Özbek, F. & Vural, M. (2018) Achene morphology of the genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic significance. Turkish Journal of Botany 42 (2): 208–223. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1707-61</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (1981) Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Hyacinthella (Liliaceae-Scilloideae) with special reference to the species in S.W. Asia. Part I. Candollea 36: 158–175.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (1982) Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Hyacinthella (Liliaceae-Scilloideae) with special reference to the species in S.W. Asia. Part II. Candollea 37: 157–175.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (1984) Hyacinthella Schur. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. vol 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 274–279.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Persson, J. (1992) A new species and additional chromosome counts of Hyacinthella in Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 12 (6): 615–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1992.tb01838.x </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. (2000) Two new bulbous species from the central Taurus mountains of Turkey. New Plantsman 7 (4): 200–208.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Puizina, J., Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., Pedrosa-Harand, A., Kamenjarin, J., Trinajstic, I., Riha, K. & Schweizer, D. (2003) Karyotype analysis in Hyacinthella dalmatica (Hyacinthaceae) reveals vertebrate-type telomere repeats at the chromosome ends. Genome 46 (6): 1070–1076. https://doi.org/10.1139/g03-078 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S., Erdo?an, E. & Da?k?n, R. (2008) Hyacinthella lineata (Liliaceae) üzerinde morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik ara?t?rmalar. Ekoloji 17 (68): 24–32.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Speta, F. (1998) Hyacinthaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Monocotyledons. vol. 3. Springer, Berlin, pp. 261–285.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stearn, W.T. (1985) Botanical Latin: History, Grammar Syntax, Terminology, and Vocabulary. David & Charles, London, 556 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">?irin, E. & Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2021) Taxonomical remarks on Allium yamadagensis Y?ld?r?m & Ek?i, (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation 14 (2): 193–197. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.903822 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tekin, M. & Meriç, Ç. (2013) Morphological and anatomical investigations on endemic Hyacinthella acutiloba in Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation 6 (1): 161–168.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2016) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tugay, O., Dural, H., Ç?tak, B.Y., Ertu?rul, K., Arma?an, M., Karagöz, S., Karahisar, E. & Uluku?, D. (2021) The anatomical, palynological and micromorphological aspects of three endemic Bellevalia species (Asparagaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic importance. Phytotaxa 512 (4): 283–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.512.4.4 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tzonev, R. & Panovska, H. (2017) Notes on the distribution of Hyacinthella leucophaea subsp. atchleyi in Bulgaria. Phytologia Balcanica 23 (3): 409–412.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vaughan, J.G., Phelan, J.R. & Denford, K.E. (1976) Seed studies in the Cruciferae. In: Vaughan, J.G., Macleod, A.J. & Jones, B.M.G. (eds.) The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae. Academic Press. London, pp. 119–144.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yeti?en, K., Özdemir, C., Küçüködük, M. & Akyol, Y. (2012) A morphological and anatomical study of Hyacinthella glabrescens (Liliaceae). Phytologia Balcanica 18 (3): 319–322.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Y?ld?r?m, H. (2015) Muscari atillae (Asparagaceae): a new species from Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 213: 291–295. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.3.9 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Barthlott, W. (1981) Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: Systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 345–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1981.tb00704.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Bona, M. (2013) Seed-coat microsculpturing of Turkish Lepidium (Brassicaceae) and its systematic application. Turkish Journal of Botany 37: 662–668. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1207-2 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Borkhausen, M.B. (1797) Botanisches Wörterbuch oder Versuch einer Erklärung der vornehmsten Begriffe und Kunstwörter in der Botanik. Gießen, 2 Bände, 510 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Candan, F., Uysal, T., Tugay, O., Bozkurt, M., Ertu?rul, K. & Demirelma, H. (2016) The examinations of achene ultrastructural features of section Acrolophus (Centaurea, Asteraceae) via scanning electron microscopy. Turkish Journal of Botany 40 (2): 147–163. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1503-51 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chase, M.W., Reveal, J.L. & Fay, M.F. (2009) A subfamilial classification for the expanded Asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 132–136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Chouard, M.P. (1931) Révision de quelques genres et sous-genres de Liliacées bulbeuses d’aprés le développement l’appareil végetatif (Scilla, Endymion, Hyacinthus). Bulletin du Museìum National D’histoire Natürelle 2 (3): 176–180.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Corner, E.J. (1976) The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 783 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Christenhusz, M.J. & Byng, J.W. (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261 (3): 201–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Juss, A. (1789) Antonii Laurentii de Jussieu Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita, juxta methodum in Horto regio parisiensi exaratam, anno M.DCC.LXXIV. Apud Viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois, Parisiis. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.284</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Do?u, S. (2019) Comparative anatomical studies of four Hyacinthella Schur species growing in Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Botany 48 (4): 981–987. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v48i4.49038 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ekim, T. (2012) Hyacinthella Schur. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, ?stanbul, pp. 97–98.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Erol, O., Üzen, E. & Küçüker, O. (2006) Preliminary SEM observations on the seed testa structure of Gladiolus L. species from Turkey. International Journal of Botany 2: 125–127. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.125.127 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ero?lu, H., Karaismailo?lu, M.C., Pinar, S.M. & Fidan, M. (2021) Seed micromorphology and anatomy of 36 Muscari (Asparagaceae) taxa from Turkey with notes on their systematic importance. Acta Botanica Croatica 80 (2): 146–157. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-015</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Feinbrun, N. (1961) Revision of the genus Hyacinthella Schur. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel / D 10: 324–347.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gavrilovi?, M. & Jana?kovi?, P. (2022) Micromorphology of endemic Centaurea glaberrima subsp. divergens (Asteraceae). Acta Botanica Croatica 81 (1): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.37427/botcro-2021-028 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Grilli Caiola, M., Leonardi, D. & Canini, A. (2010) Seed structure in Crocus sativus L., C. cartwrightianus Herb., C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. at SEM. Plant Systematics and Evolution 285: 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0261-x </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Govaerts, R., Dransfield, J., Zona, S., Hodel, D.R. & Henderson, A. (2021) World Checklist of Asparagaceae. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; http://wcsp.science.kew.org/ (accession date: 20 October 2021).</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (2012) Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Ara?t?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?, ?stanbul, 1290 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Heywood, V.H. (1971) Scanning Electron Microscopy. Systematic and Evolutionary Applications, London, 331 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2015) Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish Romulea taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Acta Botanica Croatica 74 (1): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2015-0005 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2017) Palynological features of eleven Aethionema taxa from Turkey and their systematic implications. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 24: 197–204.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2019) Comparative morphology and anatomy of seeds of some Aethionema WT Aiton (Brassicaceae) taxa from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 26: 1–12.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. & Erol, O. (2018) Seed structure and its taxonomic implications for genus Thlaspi sensu lato sections Nomisma, Thlaspi, and Pterotropis (Brassicaceae). Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 591–609. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1709-28 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C., ??k, L., Alm?la, Ç. & Erol, O. (2018) Seed structure of some taxa of the genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) series Crocus. Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 722–731.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. & Güner, Ö. (2019) Nutlet structures of subsection Fragiles of the genus Stachys (Lamiaceae) from Turkey and their systematic applications. Turkish Journal of Botany 43 (5): 659–672. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1712-17 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karaismailo?lu, M.C. & Güner, Ö. (2021) Trichome micromorphology of the genus Stachys sect. Fragilicaulis subsect. Fragilis and its taxonomic implications. Plant Biosystems 155 (4): 833–847.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Karamian, R., Behjou, A.M. & Ranjbar, M. (2012) Anatomical findings of Onobrychis sect. Heliobrychis (Fabaceae) in Iran and their taxonomic implications. Turkish Journal of Botany 36: 27–37. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1010-2 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Koul, K.K., Ranjna, N. & Soom, N.R. (2000) Seed coat microsculpturing in Brassica and allied genera (Subtribes Brassicinae, Raphaninae, Moricandiinae). Annals of Botany 86: 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1197 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Kovach, W.L. (2007) MVSP - A MultiVariate Statistical Package for Windows, Ver. 3.1. Kovach Computing Services, Pentraeth.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum 1. Laurentii Salvi, Stokholm, 560 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Manning, J.C. & Staden, J. (1987) The systematic significance of testa anatomy in the Leguminosae - an illustrated survey. South African Journal of Botany 53 (3): 210–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6299(16)31433-8 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Maratti, G.F. (1772) Plantae Romuleae et Saturniae: In Agro Romano Existentium. 22 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mathew, B. (1973) A New Hyacinthella (Liliaceae) from Turkey. Kew Bulletin 28 (3) 517–519. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108895 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Mathew, B. (1987) The Smaller Bulbs. B.T. Batsford, London, pp. 101–103.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Meyer, F.K. (1991) Seed-coat anatomy as a character for a new classification of Thlaspi. Flora Vegetation Mundi 9: 9–15.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Miller, P. (1754) The Gardeners Dictionary, Ed. 4. London, 926 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Özbek, M.U., Özbek, F. & Vural, M. (2018) Achene morphology of the genus Cota J.Gay (Asteraceae) from Turkey and its taxonomic significance. Turkish Journal of Botany 42 (2): 208–223. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1707-61</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (1981) Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Hyacinthella (Liliaceae-Scilloideae) with special reference to the species in S.W. Asia. Part I. Candollea 36: 158–175.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (1982) Taxonomy and cytology of the genus Hyacinthella (Liliaceae-Scilloideae) with special reference to the species in S.W. Asia. Part II. Candollea 37: 157–175.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Wendelbo, P. (1984) Hyacinthella Schur. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. vol 8. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 274–279.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. & Persson, J. (1992) A new species and additional chromosome counts of Hyacinthella in Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 12 (6): 615–620. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1992.tb01838.x </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Persson, K. (2000) Two new bulbous species from the central Taurus mountains of Turkey. New Plantsman 7 (4): 200–208.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Puizina, J., Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., Pedrosa-Harand, A., Kamenjarin, J., Trinajstic, I., Riha, K. & Schweizer, D. (2003) Karyotype analysis in Hyacinthella dalmatica (Hyacinthaceae) reveals vertebrate-type telomere repeats at the chromosome ends. Genome 46 (6): 1070–1076. https://doi.org/10.1139/g03-078 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Selvi, S., Erdo?an, E. & Da?k?n, R. (2008) Hyacinthella lineata (Liliaceae) üzerinde morfolojik, anatomik ve ekolojik ara?t?rmalar. Ekoloji 17 (68): 24–32.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Speta, F. (1998) Hyacinthaceae. In: Kubitzki, K. (Ed.) The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, Monocotyledons. vol. 3. Springer, Berlin, pp. 261–285.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Stearn, W.T. (1985) Botanical Latin: History, Grammar Syntax, Terminology, and Vocabulary. David & Charles, London, 556 pp.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">?irin, E. & Karaismailo?lu, M.C. (2021) Taxonomical remarks on Allium yamadagensis Y?ld?r?m & Ek?i, (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation 14 (2): 193–197. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2021.903822 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tekin, M. & Meriç, Ç. (2013) Morphological and anatomical investigations on endemic Hyacinthella acutiloba in Turkey. Biological Diversity and Conservation 6 (1): 161–168.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thiers, B. (2016) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/]</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tugay, O., Dural, H., Ç?tak, B.Y., Ertu?rul, K., Arma?an, M., Karagöz, S., Karahisar, E. & Uluku?, D. (2021) The anatomical, palynological and micromorphological aspects of three endemic Bellevalia species (Asparagaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic importance. Phytotaxa 512 (4): 283–292. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.512.4.4 </span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Tzonev, R. & Panovska, H. (2017) Notes on the distribution of Hyacinthella leucophaea subsp. atchleyi in Bulgaria. Phytologia Balcanica 23 (3): 409–412.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Vaughan, J.G., Phelan, J.R. & Denford, K.E. (1976) Seed studies in the Cruciferae. In: Vaughan, J.G., Macleod, A.J. & Jones, B.M.G. (eds.) The Biology and Chemistry of the Cruciferae. Academic Press. London, pp. 119–144.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Yeti?en, K., Özdemir, C., Küçüködük, M. & Akyol, Y. (2012) A morphological and anatomical study of Hyacinthella glabrescens (Liliaceae). Phytologia Balcanica 18 (3): 319–322.</span></span></span>
<p align="justify"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Y?ld?r?m, H. (2015) Muscari atillae (Asparagaceae): a new species from Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 213: 291–295. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.213.3.9 </span></span></span>