Abstract
A fungus within the family Dictyosporiaceae was isolated from submerged-decaying wood in Sichuan Province, China. Combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1 sequence data showed that the species represented a new genus and is described here as Neodigitodesmium cheirosporum gen. et sp. nov. Neodigitodesmium distinct from other genera in the family Dictyosporiaceae based on a hyaline and holoblastic basal connecting conidiogenous cell, conical shaped and smaller with fewer rows (1–4) of conidia. In addition, phylogenetic analysis and morphological comparison showed that the recently introduced genus Paradictyocheirospora is congeneric with Digitodesmium. Based on these results, Paradictyocheirospora is reduced to synonymy under the older generic name Digitodesmium.
References
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<p>Liang, Z.Q., Wang, B. & Kang, J.C. (2003) Several rare entopathogenic fungi from the Western Sichuan mountains. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 12: 129–134.</p>
<p>Meireles, V.C., Labegalini, C.M.G. & Baldissera, V.D.A. (2019) Método Tracer e a qualidade do cuidado na enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura. <em>Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem</em> 40 (2): e20180142. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180142</p>
<p>Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 32 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300</p>
<p>Nóbrega, T., Ferreira, B.W. & Barreto, R.W. (2021) <em>Digitodesmium polybrachiatum</em> sp. nov., a new species of Dictyosporiaceae from Brazil. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 20: 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01717-5</p>
<p>Paradis, E., Claude, J. & Strimmer, K. (2004) APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 20 (2): 289–290. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg412</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A <em>Beauveria</em> phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps</em> teleomorphs. <em>Mycologia</em> 97 (1): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84</p>
<p>Senanayake, I.C, Rathnayaka, A.R., Sandamali, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20</p>
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<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology </em>172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wang, R.X., Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, J.D., Su, X.J. & Su, H.Y. (2016) New species and records of <em>Dictyocheirospora</em> from submerged wood in north-western Yunnan, China. <em>Mycosphere</em> 7 (9): 1357–1367. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/9</p>
<p>Yan, K., Abbas, M., Meng, L., Cai, H., Peng, Z., Li, Q., El-Sappah, A.H., Yan, L. & Zhao, X. (2021) Analysis of the Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Sichuan Dark Tea During Pile-Fermentation. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 12: 706714 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.706714</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2018) New species in <em>Dictyosporium</em>, new combinations in <em>Dictyocheirospora</em> and an updated backbone tree for Dothideomycetes. <em>MycoKeys</em> 36: 83–105. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27051</p>
<p>Yu, G. (2020) Using ggtree to Visualize Data on Tree-Like Structures. <em>Current Protocols in Bioinformatics</em> 69 (1): e96. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpbi.96</p>
<p>You, Z., He, S., Gong, G., Zhang, S., Chang, X.L., Liu, N., Sun, X., Qi, X., Ye, K. & Wang, Y. (2014) Soil fungal diversity in three nature reserves of Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China. <em>Annals of Microbiology</em> 64: 1275–1290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-013-0772-0</p>
<p>Zhou, W., Wei, Q., Feng, R., Liu, Y., Liang, H., Li, J. & Yan, K. (2021) Diversity and spatial distribution of endophytic fungi in <em>Cinnamomum longepaniculatum</em> of Yibin, China. <em>Archives of Microbiology</em> 203: 3361–3372 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02325-3</p>
<p>Atienza, V., Hawksworth, D.L. & Pérez, O.S. (2021) <em>Verrucoccum</em> (Dothideomycetes, Dictyosporiaceae), a new genus of lichenicolous fungi on <em>Lobaria</em> s. lat. for the <em>Dothidea hymeniicola</em> species complex. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (6): 1233–1252. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2021.1966281</p>
<p>Boonmee, S., D’souza, M.J., Luo, Z.L., Pinruan, U., Tanaka, K., Su, H., Bhat, D.J., McKenzie, E.H.C., Jones, E.B.G., Taylor, J.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Hirayama, K., Eungwanichayapant, P.D. & Hyde, K.D. (2016) <em>Dictyosporiaceae</em> fam. nov. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 80: 457–482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0363-z</p>
<p>Bouckaert, R., Vaughan, T.G., Barido-Sottani, J., Duchene, S., Fourment, M., Gavryushkina, A., Heled, J., Jones, G., Kühnert, D., De Maio, N., Matschiner, M., Mendes, F.K., Müller, N.F., Ogilvie, H.A., Plessis, L., Popinga, A., Rambaut, A., Rasmussen, D., Siveroni, I., Suchard, M.A., Wu, C., Xie, D., Zhang, C., Stadler, T. & Drummond, A.J. (2019) BEAST 2.5: An Advanced Software Platform for Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis. <em>PLOS Computational Biology</em> 15: e1006650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006650</p>
<p>Capella-Gutiérrez, S., Silla-Martínez, J.M. & Gabaldón, T. (2009) trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 25 (15): 1972–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp348</p>
<p>Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. <em>Mycologia</em> 91 (3): 553–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051</p>
<p>Corda, A.C. (1836) <em>Mykologische Beobachtungen</em>. Weitenweber’s Beitrage zur gesammtem Natur-und Heilwissenschaften Prague.</p>
<p>Egger, K.N. (1995) Molecular analysis of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany </em>73 (S1): 1415–1422. https://doi.org/10.1139/b95-405</p>
<p>Hibbett, D.S. (1996) Phylogenetic evidence for horizontal transmission of group I introns in the nuclear ribosomal DNA of mushroom-forming fungi. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 13 (7): 903–917. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025658</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2000) MrBayes: A Program for the Bayesian Inference of Phylogeny. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>Rajeshkumar, K.C., Verma, R.K., Boonmee, S., Chandrasiri, S., Hyde, K.D., Ashtekar, N., Lad, S. & Wijayawardene, N. (2021) <em>Paradictyocheirospora tectonae</em>, a novel genus in the family <em>Dictyosporiaceae</em> from India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 509 (3): 259–271 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.509.3.1</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. <em>Mycologia</em> 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84.</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kirk, P.M. (1981) New or interesting microfungi II. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Esher Common, Surrey. <em>Transactions of the British Mycological Society</em> 77 (2): 279–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(81)80031-9</p>
<p>Lanfear, R., Frandsen, P.B., Wright, A.M., Senfeld, T. & Calcott, B. (2016) PartitionFinder 2: New Methods for Selecting Partitioned Models of Evolution for Molecular and Morphological Phylogenetic Analyses. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 34 (3): 772–773. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msw260</p>
<p>Li, W.L., Luo, Z.L., Liu, J.K., Bhat, D.J., Bao, D.F., Su, H.Y. & Hyde, K.D. (2017) Lignicolous freshwater fungi from China I : <em>Aquadictyospora lignicola</em> gen. et sp. nov. and new record of <em>Pseudodictyosporium wauense</em> from northwestern Yunnan Province. <em>Mycosphere</em> 8: 1587–1597. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/10/1</p>
<p>Liang, Z.Q., Wang, B. & Kang, J.C. (2003) Several rare entopathogenic fungi from the Western Sichuan mountains. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 12: 129–134.</p>
<p>Meireles, V.C., Labegalini, C.M.G. & Baldissera, V.D.A. (2019) Método Tracer e a qualidade do cuidado na enfermagem: revisão integrativa da literatura. <em>Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem</em> 40 (2): e20180142. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2019.20180142</p>
<p>Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 32 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300</p>
<p>Nóbrega, T., Ferreira, B.W. & Barreto, R.W. (2021) <em>Digitodesmium polybrachiatum</em> sp. nov., a new species of Dictyosporiaceae from Brazil. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 20: 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01717-5</p>
<p>Paradis, E., Claude, J. & Strimmer, K. (2004) APE: Analyses of Phylogenetics and Evolution in R language. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 20 (2): 289–290. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg412</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A <em>Beauveria</em> phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps</em> teleomorphs. <em>Mycologia</em> 97 (1): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84</p>
<p>Senanayake, I.C, Rathnayaka, A.R., Sandamali, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20</p>
<p>Toju, H., Tanabe, A.S., Yamamoto, S. & Sato, H. (2012) High-Coverage ITS Primers for the DNA-Based Identification of Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes in Environmental Samples. <em>Plos One</em> 7 (7): e40863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040863</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology </em>172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wang, R.X., Luo, Z.L., Hyde, K.D., Bhat, J.D., Su, X.J. & Su, H.Y. (2016) New species and records of <em>Dictyocheirospora</em> from submerged wood in north-western Yunnan, China. <em>Mycosphere</em> 7 (9): 1357–1367. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/9/9</p>
<p>Yan, K., Abbas, M., Meng, L., Cai, H., Peng, Z., Li, Q., El-Sappah, A.H., Yan, L. & Zhao, X. (2021) Analysis of the Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Sichuan Dark Tea During Pile-Fermentation. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 12: 706714 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.706714</p>
<p>Yang, J., Liu, J.K., Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G. & Liu, Z.Y. (2018) New species in <em>Dictyosporium</em>, new combinations in <em>Dictyocheirospora</em> and an updated backbone tree for Dothideomycetes. <em>MycoKeys</em> 36: 83–105. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.36.27051</p>
<p>Yu, G. (2020) Using ggtree to Visualize Data on Tree-Like Structures. <em>Current Protocols in Bioinformatics</em> 69 (1): e96. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpbi.96</p>
<p>You, Z., He, S., Gong, G., Zhang, S., Chang, X.L., Liu, N., Sun, X., Qi, X., Ye, K. & Wang, Y. (2014) Soil fungal diversity in three nature reserves of Jiuzhaigou County, Sichuan Province, China. <em>Annals of Microbiology</em> 64: 1275–1290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-013-0772-0</p>
<p>Zhou, W., Wei, Q., Feng, R., Liu, Y., Liang, H., Li, J. & Yan, K. (2021) Diversity and spatial distribution of endophytic fungi in <em>Cinnamomum longepaniculatum</em> of Yibin, China. <em>Archives of Microbiology</em> 203: 3361–3372 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02325-3</p>