Abstract
Sclerococcum is a species rich lichenicolous genus in Ascomycota. However, many species of Sclerococcum have been described based only on morphology. This study provides sequences for the large-subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (mtSSU) for the first time for Sclerococcum simplex, and the first geographical record of the genus from China. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that S. simplex clustered within Sclerococcum sensu stricto while the genus was recovered as paraphyletic in Dactylosporaceae. Our asexual specimen of Sclerococcum simplex was collected on a corticolous Pertusaria thallus. The taxonomic affinity of Sclerococcum simplex is investigated based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence.
References
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<p>Dong, W., Hyde, K.D., Doilom, M., Yu, X.D., Bhat, D.J., Jeewon, R., Boonmee, S., Wang, G.N., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020) <em>Pseudobactrodesmium </em>(Dactylosporaceae, Eurotiomycetes, Fungi) a novel lignicolous genus. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 11: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.00456</p>
<p>Ekanayaka, A.H., Jones, E.G., Hyde, K.D. & Zhao, Q. (2019) A stable phylogeny for Dactylosporaceae. <em>Cryptogamie Mycologie</em> 40 (3): 23–44. https://doi.org/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a3</p>
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<p>GenBank (2021) Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/ (accessed 6 April 2021)</p>
<p>Glez-Peña, D., Gómez-Blanco, D., Reboiro-Jato, M., Fdez-Riverola, F. & Posada, D. (2010) ALTER: program-oriented conversion of DNA and protein alignments. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 38: 14–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkq321</p>
<p>Hawksworth, D.L. (1979) The lichenicolous Hyphomycetes. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). <em>Botany Series</em> 6: 183–300.</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17: 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>Index Fungorum (2021) Available from: http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp (accessed 6 April 2021)</p>
<p>Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd-Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T. Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.A., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>74 (1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8</p>
<p>Joshi, Y. (2021) Two new species of lichenicolous fungus <em>Sclerococcum</em> (Dactylosporaceae, Sclerococcales) from India. <em>Acta Botanica Hungarica</em> 63: 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1556/034.63.2021.1-2.5</p>
<p>Joshi, Y., Falswal, A., Tripathi, M., Upadhyay, S., Bisht, A., Chandra, K., Bajpai, R. & Upreti, D.K. (2016) One hundred and five species of lichenicolous biota from India: An updated checklist for the country. <em>Mycosphere</em> 7: 268–294. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/7/3/3</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, K. (2013) MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology. Evolution </em>30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Lawrey, J.D., Binder, M., Diederich, P., Molina, M.C., Sikaroodi, M. & Ertz, D. (2007) Phylogenetic diversity of lichen-associated homobasidiomycetes. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 44 (2): 778–789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.023</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for Inference of Large Phylogenetic Trees.<em> In: SC10 Workshop on Gateway Computing Environments (GCE10).</em> https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrAIC. pl. Program distributed by the author. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Olariaga, I., Teres, J., Martín, J., Prieto, M. & Baral, H.O. (2019) <em>Pseudosclerococcum golindoi</em> gen. et sp. nov., a new taxon with apothecial ascomata and a <em>Chalara</em>-like anamorph within the Sclerococcales (Eurotiomycetes). <em>Mycological Progress </em>18: 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01500-7</p>
<p>Pang, K.L., Guo, S.Y., Alias, S.A., Hafellner, J. & Jones, E.B.G. (2014) A new species of marine <em>Dactylospora</em> and its phylogenetic affinities within the Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota. <em>Botanica Marina</em> 57: 315–321. https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2014-0025</p>
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