Abstract
Gladiolus alanyensis is described and illustrated as a new species from Alanya, Antalya Province in South Anatolia, Turkey. In this study, the diagnostic morphological features, distribution, habitat and ecological characteristics, and conservation status of the new species are reported. It grows in calcareous areas and is morphologically close to G. anatolicus. Affinities and differences to other species such as G. triphyllus and G. humilis are also commented. Seed micromorphological characteristics of G. alanyensis, G. anatolicus and G. humilis are examined and compared using LM and SEM analyses.
References
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<p>Duman, H. (1998) A new species of <em>Minuartia</em> L. (Caryophyllaceae) from South Anatolia. <em>Karaca Arboretum Magazine</em> 4: 159–162.</p>
<p>Duman, H. (2001) A new species of <em>Arabis</em> L. (Brassicaceae) from South Anatolia. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 137: 87–90. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2001.tb01109.x</p>
<p>Duman, H. & Anderberg, A.A. (1999) An undescribed species of <em>Pentanema</em> Cass. Asteraceae-Inuleae) from Turkey, with notes on the phylogenetic status of the genus. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 129: 333–338.</p>
<p>Duman, H., Aytaç, Z., Ekici, M., Karavelioğulları, F.A., Dönmez, A. & Duran, A. (1996) Three new species (Labiatae) from Turkey. <em>Flora Mediterranea</em> 5: 221–228.</p>
<p>Duran, A., Doğan, B. & Ay, H. (2011) <em>Bilacunaria aksekiensis</em> (Apiaceae), a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 48: 361–367. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0408</p>
<p>Eker, I & Sağıroğlu, M. (2021) <em>Gladiolus izzet-baysalii</em> (Iridaceae, Crocoideae), a new species from Turkey. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 527: 97–106. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.2</p>
<p>Erol, O., Uzen, E. & Küçüker, O. (2006) Preliminary SEM Observations on the Seed Testa Structure of <em>Gladiolus</em> L. Species from Turkey. <em>International Journal of Botany</em> 2 (2): 125–127. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijb.2006.125.127</p>
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<p>Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2002) Evidence for moth and butterfly pollination in <em>Gladiolus</em> (Iridaceae-Crocoideae). <em>Annales of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 89: 110–124. https://doi.org/10.2307/3298660</p>
<p>Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J.C. (2008) <em>The Iris Family: Natural History and Classification</em>. Timber Press, Portland, 290 pp.</p>
<p>Goldbaltt, P., Rodríguez, A., Powell, M.P., Jonathan Davies, T., Manning, J.C., van der Bank, M. & Savolainen, V. (2008) <em>Iridaceae</em> ‘Out of Australasia’? Phylogeny, Biogeography, and Divergence Time Based on Plastid DNA Sequences. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 33: 495–508. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408785679806</p>
<p>Güner, A. (2012) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora AraŞtırmaları Derneği Yayını, Istanbul, pp. 535. [in Turkish]</p>
<p>Halbritter, H., Ulrich, S., Grímsson, F., Weber, M., Zetter, R., Hesse, M., Buchner, R., Svojtka, M. & Frosch-Radivo, A. (2018) <em>Illustrated Pollen Terminology. </em>Second Edition. Springer, Wien, 487 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71365-6</p>
<p>Hamilton, A.P. (1980) <em>Gladiolus</em> L. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A. & Valentine, D.H. (eds.) <em>Flora europaea</em>, vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 101–102.</p>
<p>Hesse, M., Halbritter, H., Zetter, R., Weber, M., Buchner, R., Frosch-Radivo, A. & Ulrich, S. (2009) <em>Pollen Terminology: An illustrated handbook</em>. Springer, Wien, 266 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-79894-2</p>
<p>IPNI (2022) <em>International Plant Names Index</em>. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens. Available from: http://www.ipni.org (accessed 24 April 2022).</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>, version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 24 April 2022).</p>
<p>Karaismailoğlu, M.C. (2015) Morphological and anatomical features of seeds of Turkish <em>Romulea</em> taxa (Iridaceae) and their taxonomic significance. <em>Acta Botanica Croatica</em> 74: 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2015-0005</p>
<p>Karaismailoğlu, M.C., Şık, L., Çiftçi, A. & Erol, O. (2018) Seed structure of some taxa of the genus <em>Crocus</em> L. (Iridaceae) series <em>Crocus</em>. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 42: 722–731. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1712-17</p>
<p>Ker Gawler, J.B. (1807) [992] <em>Gladiolus hirsutus </em>(α). Leafless-flowering shaggy corn-flag. <em>In</em>: Sims, J. (ed.) <em>Curtis’s Botanical Magazine</em>, vol. 25. S. Couchman, London.</p>
<p>Koç, M., Hamzaoglu, E. & Aksoy, A. (2019) A new species and five new combinations of <em>Sabulina</em> (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. <em>Folia Geobotanica</em> 54: 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12224-019-09348-1</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. pp. 36–37. https.//doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.37656</p>
<p>Meikle, R.D. (1985) <em>Flora of Cyprus</em>, vol. 2. The Bentham-Moxon Trust, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 1569–1572.</p>
<p>Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe bilimsel bitki adları yönergesi (Directive of Turkish scientific plant names). <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi</em> 3: 1–3 (in Turkish).</p>
<p>Özhatay, H. & Mathew, B. (1995) New taxa and notes on the genus <em>Allium </em>(Alliaceae) in Turkey and Arabia. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 50: 723–731. https://doi.org/10.2307/4110233</p>
<p>Parolly, G. & Nordt, B. (2005) A further new <em>Peucedanum</em> species (<em>Apiaceae</em>) from the Taurus Mts, Turkey. <em>Willdenowia</em> 35: 97–105.</p>
<p>Pimenov, M.G. & Kljuykov, E.V. (2011) Two new species and a new combination in Turkish <em>Dichoropetalum</em> (Apiaceae). <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 48: 337–342. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.048.0405</p>
<p>Post, G.E. & Dinsmore, J.E. (1933) <em>Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai</em>, vol. 2. American Press, Beirut, Lebanon, pp. 602–604.</p>
<p>POWO (2022) <em>Plants of the World Online</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 24 April 2022).</p>
<p>Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology. <em>Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology</em> 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008</p>
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