Abstract
Dionysia × kowsarana Zeraatkar & Khajoei Nasab, a new natural hybrid that belongs to the family Primulaceae, is described and illustrated. Most of the morphological features of D. × kowsarana sit within the range of its parents. In this study, the morphology, ecology, and geographical distribution, variation of the hybrid are documented.
References
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<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 18 August 2022)</p>
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<p>Thompson, J.D., Gauthier, P., Papuga, G., Pons, V., Debussche, M. & Farris, E. (2018) The conservation significance of natural hybridization in Mediterranean plants: From a case study on <em>Cyclamen</em> (Primulaceae) to a general perspective. <em>Plant Biology</em> 20 Suppl 1: 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12595</p>
<p><em> </em>Younesi, S., Assadi, M., Nejadsattari, T. & Mehregan, I. (2017) Morphology and assessment of genetic structure and diversity of <em>Dionysia revoluta</em> (Primulaceae) in Iran.<em> Biodiversitas </em>18: 1173–1178. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180340</p>
<p>Zheng, W., Yan, L.J., Burgess, K.S., Luo, Y.H., Zou, J.Y., Qin, H.T., Wang, J.H. & Gao, L.M. (2021) Natural hybridization among three Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) revealed by morphological and genomic evidence. <em>BMC Plant Biology</em> 21 (1): 529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03312-y</p>
<p>Zeraatkar, A., Jamzad, Z., Jalili, A. & Khajoei Nasab, F. (2022) The conservation status of endemic SW Iranian <em>Dionysia</em> species. <em>Iran Nature </em>7 (2): 143–155.</p>
<p>Boissier, P.E. (1875) <em>Flora Orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto ad Indiae fines hucusque observatarum</em>. Vol. 4 (1). H. Georg, Genevae [Genève], Basileae [Basel] & Lugduni [Lyon], 280 pp.</p>
<p>Cooperrider, T.S. & Brockett, B.L. (1974) The Nature and Status of <em>Lysimachia</em> × <em>Producta</em> (Primulaceae). <em>Brittonia</em> 26 (2): 119–128. https://doi.org/10.2307/2805880</p>
<p>Edmondson, J.R. & Lack, H.W. (2006) Karl Georg Theodor Kotschy’s itinerary in southern Iran, 1841–42. <em>Willdenowia</em> 36: 579–588. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.36.36154</p>
<p>Fenzl, E. (1843) Plantarum generum et specierum novarum decas prima. <em>Flora </em>26: 389–404.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1974) Some Notes on Iranian Dionysias (Primulaceae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 29 (4): 687–694. https://doi.org/10.2307/4108134</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) <em>Dionysia – the genus in cultivation and in the wild.</em> Alpine Garden Society, Woking.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2019) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 18 August 2022)</p>
<p>Jacquemyn, H., Endels, P., Brys, R., Hermy, M. & Woodell, S.R.J. (2009) Biological flora of the British Isles: <em>Primula vulgaris</em> Huds. (<em>P. acaulis</em> (L.) Hill). <em>Journal of Ecology</em> 97 (4): 812– 833. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01513.x</p>
<p>Lidén, M., Irvine, M., Alvén, A. & Mehregan, I. (2021) <em>Dionysia jamzadiae </em>(Primulaceae), a new species from the Fars province of Iran. <em>Edinburgh Journal of Botany</em>. 396: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.24823/EJB.2021.396</p>
<p>Lidén, M. (2007) The genus <em>Dionysia </em>(Primulaceae), a synopsis and five new species. <em>Willdenowia</em>. 37: 37–61. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.37.37102</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. L. Salvius, Holmia [Stockholm], 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Terzioðlu, S., Coşkunçelebi, K. & Gültepe, M. (2012) <em>Primula</em> × <em>uzungolensis</em> (Primulaceae): a new natural hybrid from NE Anatolia. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 36: 9–19. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1011-19</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gauthier, P., Papuga, G., Pons, V., Debussche, M. & Farris, E. (2018) The conservation significance of natural hybridization in Mediterranean plants: From a case study on <em>Cyclamen</em> (Primulaceae) to a general perspective. <em>Plant Biology</em> 20 Suppl 1: 128–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12595</p>
<p><em> </em>Younesi, S., Assadi, M., Nejadsattari, T. & Mehregan, I. (2017) Morphology and assessment of genetic structure and diversity of <em>Dionysia revoluta</em> (Primulaceae) in Iran.<em> Biodiversitas </em>18: 1173–1178. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d180340</p>
<p>Zheng, W., Yan, L.J., Burgess, K.S., Luo, Y.H., Zou, J.Y., Qin, H.T., Wang, J.H. & Gao, L.M. (2021) Natural hybridization among three Rhododendron species (Ericaceae) revealed by morphological and genomic evidence. <em>BMC Plant Biology</em> 21 (1): 529. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03312-y</p>
<p>Zeraatkar, A., Jamzad, Z., Jalili, A. & Khajoei Nasab, F. (2022) The conservation status of endemic SW Iranian <em>Dionysia</em> species. <em>Iran Nature </em>7 (2): 143–155.</p>