Abstract
A new species, Fuscoporia hainanensis sp. nov. (Hymenochaetaceae, Basidiomycota), is decribed based on specimens from China. Phylogenetic analyses on the nLSU and ITS+nLSU+TEF1 datasets revealed that the new species was nested within the F. contigua group and formed a strongly supported lineage distinct from other species. The new species is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiocarps with medium pores (4–6 per mm), aseptate skeletal hyphae, presence of mycelial setae, hymenial setae and cystidioles, and cylindric basidiospores (5.0–6.2 × 2.3–3.0 μm). A key to the accepted period species of resupinate and mycelial setae present species of Fuscoporia is provided.
References
<p>Anonymous. (1969) <em>Flora of British fungi. Colour identification chart. </em>London: Her Majesty´s Stationery Office.</p>
<p>Chen, J.J., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2016) Global diversity and molecular systematics of <em>Wrightoporia</em> s. l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota). <em>Persoonia</em> 37: 21–36. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X689666</p>
<p>Chen, Q. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Two new species of <em>Fuscoporia</em> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. <em>Mycokeys </em>61: 75–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.46799</p>
<p>Chen, Q., Du, P., Vlasak, J., Wu, F. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Global diversity and phylogeny of <em>Fuscoporia</em> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 1477–1513. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/10</p>
<p>Chen, Q., Wu, F., Ji, X.H., Si, J., Zhou, L.W., Tian, X.M., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Phylogeny of the genus <em>Fuscoporia</em> and taxonomic assessment of the <em>F. contigua</em> group. <em>Mycologia </em>111: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1570749</p>
<p>Chen, Q. & Yuan, Y. (2017) A new species of <em>Fuscoporia</em> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern China. <em>Mycosphere</em> 8: 1238–1245. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/6/9</p>
<p>Cunningham, G.H. (1948) New Zealand Polyporaceae 2. The genus <em>Fuscoporia</em>. <em>Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Industrial Research</em> 73: 1–14.</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C. (2010) Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 45: 131–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0066-9</p>
<p>Du, P., Chen, Q. & Vlasák, J. (2020) <em>Fuscoporia ambigua</em> sp. nov., a new species from America and China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 456: 175–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.2.5</p>
<p>Gilbertson, R.L. (1979) The genus <em>Phellinus</em> (Aphyllophorales: Hymenochaetaceae) in western North America. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 9: 51–89.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symp Ser</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Larsen, M.J. & Cobb-Poulle, L.A. (1990) <em>Phellinus</em> (Hymenochaetaceae). A survey of the world taxa. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 3: 1–206. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/3760175</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H., Parmasto, E., Fischer, M., Langer, E., Nakasone, K.K. & Redhead, S.A. (2006) Hymenochaetales: a molecular phylogeny for the hymenochaetoid clade. <em>Mycologia</em> 98: 926–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832622</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1907) Polyporaceae, Part 1. <em>North American Flora</em> 9: 1–72.</p>
<p>Niemelä, T. (2005) Polypores, lignicolous fungi. <em>Norrlinia</em> 13: 1–320.</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Uppsala: Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Petersen, J.H. (1996) <em>Farvekort. The Danish Mycological Society’s colour-chart. </em>Greve: Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve 1–6.</p>
<p>Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p>
<p>Quelet, L. (1886) Enchir. fungi. (Paris). pp. 1–352. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.1312.352</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A <em>Beauveria</em> phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-a sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps teleomorphs</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (2004) Neotropical polypores 1. Introduction, Hymenochaetaceae and Ganodermataceae. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 19: 1–227.</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. & Gilbertson, R.L. (1994) European polypores 2. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 7: 394–743. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. & Melo, I. (2017) Poroid fungi of Europe, 2nd edition. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 37: 1–431.</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity and Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Song, J. & Cui, B.K. (2017) Phylogeny, divergence time and historical biogeography of <em>Laetiporus</em> (Basidiomycota, Polyporales). <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 17: 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0948-5 </p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The clustal_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Vlasák, J., Kout, J., Chen, Q. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) <em>Fuscoporia caymanensis</em> sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae), a new species from tropical America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 472: 135–146. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.472.2.4</p>
<p>Wagner, T. & Fischer, M. (2001) Natural groups and a revised system for the European poroid Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota) supported by nLSU rDNA sequence data. <em>Mycological Research</em> 105: 773–782. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201004257</p>
<p>Wagner, T. & Fischer, M. (2002) Proceedings towards a natural classification of the worldwide taxa <em>Phellinus</em> s.l. and<em> Inonotus </em>s.l., and phylogenetic relationships of allied genera. <em>Mycologia</em> 94: 998–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833156</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.)<em> PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications.</em> New York: Academic Press. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wu, F., Zhou, L.W., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2022) Global diversity and systematics of Hymenochaetaceae with poroid hymenophore. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 113: 1–192. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-719853/v1</p>
<p>Yuan, H.S., Lu, X., Dai, Y.C., Hyde, K.D., Kan, Y.H., Kušan, I., He, S.H., Liu, N.G., Sarma, V.V., Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K., Yousaf, N., Sun, G.Y., Liu, S.Y., Wu, F., Lin, C.G., Dayarathne, M.C., Gibertoni, T.B., Conceição, L.B., Garibay-Orijel, R., Villegas-Ríos, M., Salas-Lizana, R., Wei, T.Z., Qiu, J.Z., Yu, Z.F., Phookamsak, R., Zeng, M., Paloi, S., Bao, D.F., Abeywickrama, P.D., Wei, D.P., Yang, J., Manawasinghe, I.S., Harishchandra, D., Brahmanage, R.S., de Silva, N.I., Tennakoon, D.S., Karunarathna, A., Gafforov, Y., Pem, D., Zhang, S.N., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Bezerra, J.D.P., Dima, B., Acharya, K., Alvarez-Manjarrez, J., Bahkali, A.H., Bhatt, V.K., Brandrud, T.E., Bulgakov, T.S., Camporesi, E., Cao, T., Chen, Y.X., Chen, Y.Y., Devadatha, B., Elgorban, A.M., Fan, L.F., Du, X., Gao, L., Gonçalves, C.M., Gusmão, L.F.P., Huanraluek, N., Jadan, M., Jayawardena, R.S., Khalid, A.N., Langer, E., Lima, D.X., de Lima-Júnior, N.C., de Lira, C.R.S., Liu, J.K. (Jack), Liu, S., Lumyong, S., Luo, Z.L., Matočec, N., Niranjan, M., Oliveira-Filho, J.R.C., Papp, V., Pérez-Pazos, E., Phillips, A.J.L., Qiu, P.L., Ren, Y.H., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Semwal, K.C., Soop, K., de Souza, C.A.F., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, L.H., Xie, M.L., Yao, Y.J., Zhao, Q. & Zhou, L.W. (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1277–1386: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 104: 1–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00461-7</p>
<p>Zhou, L.W. & Jia, B.S. (2010) A new species of <em>Phellinus</em> (Hymenochaetaceae) growing on bamboo in tropical China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 114, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.211</p>
<p>Zhou, L.W., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2016) Taxonomy and phylogeny of<em> Phellinidium </em>(Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): a redefinition and the segregation of <em>Coniferiporia</em> gen. nov. for forest pathogens.<em> Fungal Biology</em> 120: 988–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2016.04.008</p>
<p>Zhu, L., Song, J., Zhou, J.L., Si, J. & Cui, B.K. (2019) Species diversity, phylogeny, divergence time and biogeography of the genus <em>Sanghuangporus</em> (Basidiomycota). <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 10: 812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00812</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. & Malysheva, V.F. (2014) Studies on <em>Oxyporus</em> I. Segregation of <em>Emmia</em> and general topology of phylogenetic tree. <em>Mycology and Phytopathology</em> 48: 161–171.</p>
<p>Chen, J.J., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2016) Global diversity and molecular systematics of <em>Wrightoporia</em> s. l. (Russulales, Basidiomycota). <em>Persoonia</em> 37: 21–36. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X689666</p>
<p>Chen, Q. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Two new species of <em>Fuscoporia</em> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. <em>Mycokeys </em>61: 75–89. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.61.46799</p>
<p>Chen, Q., Du, P., Vlasak, J., Wu, F. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Global diversity and phylogeny of <em>Fuscoporia</em> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycosphere</em> 11: 1477–1513. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/10</p>
<p>Chen, Q., Wu, F., Ji, X.H., Si, J., Zhou, L.W., Tian, X.M., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Phylogeny of the genus <em>Fuscoporia</em> and taxonomic assessment of the <em>F. contigua</em> group. <em>Mycologia </em>111: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1570749</p>
<p>Chen, Q. & Yuan, Y. (2017) A new species of <em>Fuscoporia</em> (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern China. <em>Mycosphere</em> 8: 1238–1245. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/6/9</p>
<p>Cunningham, G.H. (1948) New Zealand Polyporaceae 2. The genus <em>Fuscoporia</em>. <em>Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Industrial Research</em> 73: 1–14.</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C. (2010) Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 45: 131–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0066-9</p>
<p>Du, P., Chen, Q. & Vlasák, J. (2020) <em>Fuscoporia ambigua</em> sp. nov., a new species from America and China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 456: 175–185. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.2.5</p>
<p>Gilbertson, R.L. (1979) The genus <em>Phellinus</em> (Aphyllophorales: Hymenochaetaceae) in western North America. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 9: 51–89.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symp Ser</em> 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008</p>
<p>Larsen, M.J. & Cobb-Poulle, L.A. (1990) <em>Phellinus</em> (Hymenochaetaceae). A survey of the world taxa. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 3: 1–206. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/3760175</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H., Parmasto, E., Fischer, M., Langer, E., Nakasone, K.K. & Redhead, S.A. (2006) Hymenochaetales: a molecular phylogeny for the hymenochaetoid clade. <em>Mycologia</em> 98: 926–936. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2006.11832622</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1907) Polyporaceae, Part 1. <em>North American Flora</em> 9: 1–72.</p>
<p>Niemelä, T. (2005) Polypores, lignicolous fungi. <em>Norrlinia</em> 13: 1–320.</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Uppsala: Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Petersen, J.H. (1996) <em>Farvekort. The Danish Mycological Society’s colour-chart. </em>Greve: Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve 1–6.</p>
<p>Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p>
<p>Quelet, L. (1886) Enchir. fungi. (Paris). pp. 1–352. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.1312.352</p>
<p>Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A <em>Beauveria</em> phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-a sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to <em>Cordyceps teleomorphs</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (2004) Neotropical polypores 1. Introduction, Hymenochaetaceae and Ganodermataceae. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 19: 1–227.</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. & Gilbertson, R.L. (1994) European polypores 2. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 7: 394–743. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. & Melo, I. (2017) Poroid fungi of Europe, 2nd edition. <em>Synopsis Fungorum</em> 37: 1–431.</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity and Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Song, J. & Cui, B.K. (2017) Phylogeny, divergence time and historical biogeography of <em>Laetiporus</em> (Basidiomycota, Polyporales). <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 17: 102. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0948-5 </p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x</p>
<p>Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The clustal_X windows interface: Flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Vlasák, J., Kout, J., Chen, Q. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) <em>Fuscoporia caymanensis</em> sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae), a new species from tropical America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 472: 135–146. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.472.2.4</p>
<p>Wagner, T. & Fischer, M. (2001) Natural groups and a revised system for the European poroid Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota) supported by nLSU rDNA sequence data. <em>Mycological Research</em> 105: 773–782. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756201004257</p>
<p>Wagner, T. & Fischer, M. (2002) Proceedings towards a natural classification of the worldwide taxa <em>Phellinus</em> s.l. and<em> Inonotus </em>s.l., and phylogenetic relationships of allied genera. <em>Mycologia</em> 94: 998–1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2003.11833156</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (eds.)<em> PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications.</em> New York: Academic Press. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wu, F., Zhou, L.W., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2022) Global diversity and systematics of Hymenochaetaceae with poroid hymenophore. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 113: 1–192. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-719853/v1</p>
<p>Yuan, H.S., Lu, X., Dai, Y.C., Hyde, K.D., Kan, Y.H., Kušan, I., He, S.H., Liu, N.G., Sarma, V.V., Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K., Yousaf, N., Sun, G.Y., Liu, S.Y., Wu, F., Lin, C.G., Dayarathne, M.C., Gibertoni, T.B., Conceição, L.B., Garibay-Orijel, R., Villegas-Ríos, M., Salas-Lizana, R., Wei, T.Z., Qiu, J.Z., Yu, Z.F., Phookamsak, R., Zeng, M., Paloi, S., Bao, D.F., Abeywickrama, P.D., Wei, D.P., Yang, J., Manawasinghe, I.S., Harishchandra, D., Brahmanage, R.S., de Silva, N.I., Tennakoon, D.S., Karunarathna, A., Gafforov, Y., Pem, D., Zhang, S.N., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Bezerra, J.D.P., Dima, B., Acharya, K., Alvarez-Manjarrez, J., Bahkali, A.H., Bhatt, V.K., Brandrud, T.E., Bulgakov, T.S., Camporesi, E., Cao, T., Chen, Y.X., Chen, Y.Y., Devadatha, B., Elgorban, A.M., Fan, L.F., Du, X., Gao, L., Gonçalves, C.M., Gusmão, L.F.P., Huanraluek, N., Jadan, M., Jayawardena, R.S., Khalid, A.N., Langer, E., Lima, D.X., de Lima-Júnior, N.C., de Lira, C.R.S., Liu, J.K. (Jack), Liu, S., Lumyong, S., Luo, Z.L., Matočec, N., Niranjan, M., Oliveira-Filho, J.R.C., Papp, V., Pérez-Pazos, E., Phillips, A.J.L., Qiu, P.L., Ren, Y.H., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Semwal, K.C., Soop, K., de Souza, C.A.F., Souza-Motta, C.M., Sun, L.H., Xie, M.L., Yao, Y.J., Zhao, Q. & Zhou, L.W. (2020) Fungal diversity notes 1277–1386: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 104: 1–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00461-7</p>
<p>Zhou, L.W. & Jia, B.S. (2010) A new species of <em>Phellinus</em> (Hymenochaetaceae) growing on bamboo in tropical China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 114, 211–216. https://doi.org/10.5248/114.211</p>
<p>Zhou, L.W., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2016) Taxonomy and phylogeny of<em> Phellinidium </em>(Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): a redefinition and the segregation of <em>Coniferiporia</em> gen. nov. for forest pathogens.<em> Fungal Biology</em> 120: 988–1001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2016.04.008</p>
<p>Zhu, L., Song, J., Zhou, J.L., Si, J. & Cui, B.K. (2019) Species diversity, phylogeny, divergence time and biogeography of the genus <em>Sanghuangporus</em> (Basidiomycota). <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 10: 812. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00812</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. & Malysheva, V.F. (2014) Studies on <em>Oxyporus</em> I. Segregation of <em>Emmia</em> and general topology of phylogenetic tree. <em>Mycology and Phytopathology</em> 48: 161–171.</p>