Abstract
Lilium punctulatum, a taxon endemic to northwestern Yunnan, used to be considered a form of Lilium pardanthinum. It is here investigated and proposed for species rank. Morphologically, it is closest to L. basilissum and L. sealyi, but it can be differentiated by its dark red spots on pinkish petals, inner tepals margin shallowly erose or lacerate, elliptic to lanceolate-elliptic leaves and a saucer-shape perigone. This species has a narrow distribution and small population size, which makes it vulnerable to extinction, and thus it needs urgent conservation attention.
References
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<p>Evans, W.E. (1925) A revision on the genus <em>Nomocharis</em>. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh</em> 15: 27–30.</p>
<p>Franchet, A.R. (1889) <em>Nomocharis. Journal de Botanzque</em> 3: 113–114.</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D., Harris, A.J. & He, X.J. (2015) Morphological and ecological divergence of <em>Lilium</em> and <em>Nomocharis</em> within the Hengduan Mountains and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau may result from habitat specialization and hybridization. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 15: 147. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0405-2</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D., Hohenegger, M., Harris, A.J., Zhou, S.D., He, X.J. & Wan, J. (2012) A new species in the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> Franchet (Liliaceae): evidence that brings the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> into <em>Lilium</em>. <em>Plant Systmatics and Evolution</em> 298: 6–85. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0524-1</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D. & Gao, X.F.(2016) Accommodating <em>Nomocharis</em> in <em>Lilium</em> (Liliaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 277: 205–210. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.277.2.8.</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D. & Gao, X.F. (2020) <em>Lilium sealyi</em> Y.D.Gao, a new name for <em>Lilium</em> <em>farreri</em> (W.E.Evans) Y.D.Gao. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 449: 299–300. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.449.3.9.</p>
<p>IUCN (2022) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria.</em> Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (Accessed 21 March 2022).</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y. (1984) Studies on the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> (Liliaceae). <em>Bulletin of Botanical Research</em> 4: 163–178.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y. & Tamura, M.N. (2000) <em>Lilium</em> L.; <em>Nomocahris</em> Franchet. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol 24. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp 135–150.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 302 pp.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1913) <em>Decades plantarum novarum. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis</em> 12: 281–288. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19130121707</p>
<p>Liu, J.Q., Wang, Y.J., Wang, A.L., Hideaki, O. & Abbott, R.J. (2006) Radiation and diversification within the <em>Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio</em> complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 38: 31–49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.010.</p>
<p>Sealy, J.R. (1950) <em>Nomocharis</em> and <em>Lilium</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 5: 273–297. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4117245</p>
<p>Sealy, J.R. (1978) <em>Nomocharis pardanthina</em>. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden</em> 36: 293–296.</p>
<p>Sealy, J.R. (1983) A revision of the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> Franchet. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 87: 285–323. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00996.x</p>
<p>Sun, Y.S., Wang, A.L., Wan, D.S., Wang, Q. & Liu, J.Q. (2012) Rapid radiation of<em> Rheum </em>(Polygonaceae) and parallel evolution of morphological traits. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 63: 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.002.</p>
<p>Zhang, J.Q., Meng, S.Y., Allen, G.A., Wen, J. & Rao, G.Y. (2014) Rapid radiation and dispersal out of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of an alpine plant lineage <em>Rhodiola</em> (Crassulaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 77: 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.013</p>
<p>Evans, W.E. (1925) A revision on the genus <em>Nomocharis</em>. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh</em> 15: 27–30.</p>
<p>Franchet, A.R. (1889) <em>Nomocharis. Journal de Botanzque</em> 3: 113–114.</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D., Harris, A.J. & He, X.J. (2015) Morphological and ecological divergence of <em>Lilium</em> and <em>Nomocharis</em> within the Hengduan Mountains and Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau may result from habitat specialization and hybridization. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 15: 147. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0405-2</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D., Hohenegger, M., Harris, A.J., Zhou, S.D., He, X.J. & Wan, J. (2012) A new species in the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> Franchet (Liliaceae): evidence that brings the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> into <em>Lilium</em>. <em>Plant Systmatics and Evolution</em> 298: 6–85. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0524-1</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D. & Gao, X.F.(2016) Accommodating <em>Nomocharis</em> in <em>Lilium</em> (Liliaceae). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 277: 205–210. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.277.2.8.</p>
<p>Gao, Y.D. & Gao, X.F. (2020) <em>Lilium sealyi</em> Y.D.Gao, a new name for <em>Lilium</em> <em>farreri</em> (W.E.Evans) Y.D.Gao. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 449: 299–300. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.449.3.9.</p>
<p>IUCN (2022) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria.</em> Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. Downloadable from https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf. (Accessed 21 March 2022).</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y. (1984) Studies on the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> (Liliaceae). <em>Bulletin of Botanical Research</em> 4: 163–178.</p>
<p>Liang, S.Y. & Tamura, M.N. (2000) <em>Lilium</em> L.; <em>Nomocahris</em> Franchet. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z.Y. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) <em>Flora of China</em>, vol 24. Science Press, Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, pp 135–150.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>. Salvius, Stockholm, 302 pp.</p>
<p>Léveillé, H. (1913) <em>Decades plantarum novarum. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis</em> 12: 281–288. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19130121707</p>
<p>Liu, J.Q., Wang, Y.J., Wang, A.L., Hideaki, O. & Abbott, R.J. (2006) Radiation and diversification within the <em>Ligularia-Cremanthodium-Parasenecio</em> complex (Asteraceae) triggered by uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 38: 31–49. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2005.09.010.</p>
<p>Sealy, J.R. (1950) <em>Nomocharis</em> and <em>Lilium</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 5: 273–297. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4117245</p>
<p>Sealy, J.R. (1978) <em>Nomocharis pardanthina</em>. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden</em> 36: 293–296.</p>
<p>Sealy, J.R. (1983) A revision of the genus <em>Nomocharis</em> Franchet. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 87: 285–323. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1983.tb00996.x</p>
<p>Sun, Y.S., Wang, A.L., Wan, D.S., Wang, Q. & Liu, J.Q. (2012) Rapid radiation of<em> Rheum </em>(Polygonaceae) and parallel evolution of morphological traits. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 63: 150–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.002.</p>
<p>Zhang, J.Q., Meng, S.Y., Allen, G.A., Wen, J. & Rao, G.Y. (2014) Rapid radiation and dispersal out of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of an alpine plant lineage <em>Rhodiola</em> (Crassulaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 77: 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.013</p>