Abstract
A new species belonging to the genus Hippodonta is described, Hippodonta mudumalaiensis, from Mudumalai, Tamil Nadu, India. This paper analysed a detailed morphology and ultrastructure of H. mudumalaiensis based on LM and SEM observations and compared it with similar species within the genus. The new species belongs to group two of Hippodonta, with the characteristic features of narrow lanceolate valve outline, protracted to broadly rounded apices and rhombic to panduriform central area. The described species is our prime effort to report genus Hippodonta from India, aiding in microbial biodiversity assessment of the country. Additionally, Hippodonta of the Indian Subcontinent is also discussed.
References
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Garg, S., Suyesh, R., Das, S., Bee, M.A. & Biju, S.D. (2021) An integrative approach to infer systematic relationships and define species groups in the shrub frog genus Raorchestes, with description of five new species from the Western Ghats, India. PeerJ 9: e10791. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10791
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Lokhande, V., Radhakrishnan, C., Kociolek, J.P., Lowe, R. & Karthick, B. (2020) The diatom genus Luticola D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in the Western Ghats of India and its biogeography. European Journal of Phycology 56: 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2020.1783460
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Medlin, L.K. & Kaczmarska, I. (2004) Evolution of the diatoms: V. Morphological and cytological support for the major clades and a taxonomic revision. Phycologia 43: 245–270. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-3-245.1
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Østrup, E. (1910) Danske Diatoméer. C.A. Reitzels Boghandel, Copenhagen. 323 pp.
Pavlov, A., Levkov, Z., Williams, D.M. & Edlund, M.B. (2013) Observations on Hippodonta (Bacillariophyceae) in selected ancient lakes. Phytotaxa 90: 1–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.90.1.1
Peng, Y.M., Rioual, P., Levkov, Z., Williams, D.M. & Jin, Z.D. (2014) Morphology and ultrastructure of Hippodonta qinghainensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from Lake Qinghai, China. Phytotaxa 186: 61–074. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.2.1
Radhakrishnan, C., Pardhi, S., Kulikovskiy, M., Kociolek, J.P. & Karthick, B. (2020) Navicula watveae sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) a new diatom species from the Western Ghats, India. Phytotaxa 433: 20–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.3
Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 64: 513–533.
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 747 pp.
Silva, P.C. (1962) Classification of algae. In: Lewin, R.A. (ed.) Physiology and biochemistry of algae. Academic Press, New York and London, pp. 827–837.
Somashekar, R.K. (1984) Contribution to the algal flora of river Kapila, Karnataka, II Diatoms. Phykos 23: 125–129.
Sreekumar, R. & Joseph, K.J. (1995) Periphytic flora of Cochin backwaters. Phykos 34: 83–89.
Verma, J. & Nautiyal, P. (2009) Longitudinal Patterns of distribution of epilithic diatoms in a lesser himalayan stream. Journal of Hill research 22: 105–109.
Vigneshwaran, A., Karthick, B., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Glushchenko, A. & Kociolek, J.P. (2019) A new species of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae, cymbellaceae) from the Pavana river, Western Ghats, India. Phytotaxa 395: 209–218. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.5
Vijayakumar, S.P., Dinesh, K.P., Prabhu, M.V. & Shanker, K. (2014) Lineage delimitation and description of nine new species of bush frogs (Anura: Raorchestes, Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats Escarpment. Zootaxa 3893: 451–488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3893.4.1
Thacker, M., Roy, S., Kociolek, J.P., Lowe, R.L. & Karthick, B. (2019) A new species of Germainiella (Bacillariophyta) from the Myristica swamps of the Western Ghats, India. Diatom Research 34: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2019.1671236
Trivedy, R.K. (1982) Some observations on algal flora of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Phykos 21: 160–163.
Wadmare, N., Baghela, A., Kociolek, J.P. & Karthick, B. (2021) Description and phylogenetic position of three new species of Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae: Stauroneidaceae) from the Indian Subcontinent. European Journal of Phycology 57: 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.1888390
Zhao, L., Sun, J.D., Gao, Y.H., Liang, J.R., Sun, L., Li, X.S. & Chen, C.P. (2017) Hippodonta fujiannensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from the low intertidal zone, Fujian Province, China. Phytotaxa 295: 77–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.7
Blanco, S., Van de Vijver, B., Vinocur, A., Mataloni, G., Gomà, J., Novais, M.H. & Ector, L. (2012) Hippodonta lange-bertalotii Van de Vijver, Mataloni & Vinocur sp. nov. and related small celled Hippodonta taxa. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 141: 39–52.
Bory de Saint-Vincent, J.B.G.M. (1822) Bacillarées. Dictionnaire Classique d’Histoire naturelle 2: 127–129.
Bruder, K. & Medlin, L.K. (2008) Morphological and molecular investigations of naviculoid diatoms. III. Hippodonta and Navicula s. s. Diatom Research 23: 331–347. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2008.9705759
Chadha, A. & Pandey, D.C. (1984) Algal-Flora of Allahabad, Part IV A general Account. In: Cramer, J. (eds.) Algae of the Indian Subcontinent a collection of papers. In der A.R. Ganter Verlag Kommanditgesellschaft, Vaduz. pp. 128–141.
Cleve, P.T. & Grunow, A. (1880) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der arctischen Diatomeen. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 17: 1–121.
Cox, E.J. (1999) Studies on the diatom genus Navicula Bory. VIII. Variation in valve morphology in relation to the generic diagnosis based on Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Müller) Bory. Diatom Research 14: 207–237. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.1999.9705467
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1838) Die Infusionsthierchen als vollkommene Organismen. Ein Blick in das tiefere organische Leben der Natur. Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss. 547 pp.
Foged, N. (1959) Diatoms from Afghanistan. Biologiske Skrifter udgivet af Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab 11: 1–95.
Foged, N. (1976) Freshwater diatoms in Sri Lanka (Ceylon). In: Cramer, J. (eds.) A.R. Ganter Verlag Kommanditgesellschaft.
Garg, S., Suyesh, R., Das, S., Bee, M.A. & Biju, S.D. (2021) An integrative approach to infer systematic relationships and define species groups in the shrub frog genus Raorchestes, with description of five new species from the Western Ghats, India. PeerJ 9: e10791. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10791
Grunow, A. (1860) Über neue oder ungenügend gekannte Algen. Erste Folge, Diatomeen, Familie Naviculaceen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wein 10: 503–582.
Grunow, A. (1882) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der fossilen Diatomeen Österreich-Ungarns. Beiträge zur Paläontologie Österreich-Ungarns und des Orients 2: 136–159.
Haeckel, E. (1878) Das Protistenreich. Eine populare Übersicht über das For-mengebiet der niedersten Lebewesen. Mit einem wissenschaftlichen Anhang: System der Protisten. Ernst Günther, Leipzig, 104 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58542
Harrington, B. (2004–2005) Inkscape. Available from: http://www.inkscape.org (accessed 26 August 2020)
Hustedt, F. (1922) Bacillariales aus Innerasien. Gesammelt von Dr. Sven Hedin. In: Hedin, S. (Ed.) Southern Tibet, discoveries in former times compared with my own researches in 1906-1908. Lithographic Institute of the General Staff of the Swedish Army, Stockholm. 6: 107–152.
Karthick, B., Taylor, J.C., Mahesh, M.K. & Ramachandra, T.V. (2010) Protocols for collection, preservation and enumeration of diatoms from aquatic habitats for water quality monitoring in India. The ICF Journal of Soil and Water Sciences 3: 1–36.
Kützing, F. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen: W. Köhne, 152 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.64360
Kociolek, J.P., Blanco, S., Coste, M., Ector, L., Liu, Y., Karthick, B., Kulikovskiy, M., Lundholm, N., Ludwig, T., Potapova, M., Rimet, F., Sabbe, K., Sala, S., Sar, E., Taylor, J., Van de Vijver, B., Wetzel, C.E., Williams, D.M., Witkowski, A. & Witkowski, J. (2022) DiatomBase. Available from: https://www.diatombase.org (accessed 26 August 2021)
Lange-Bertalot, H., Metzeltin, D. & Witkowski, A. (1996) Hippodonta gen. nov. Umschreibung und Begründung einer neuen Gattung der Naviculaceae. In: Lange-Bertalot, H. (Ed.) Iconographia Diatomologica 4: 247–274.
Lokhande, V., Radhakrishnan, C., Kociolek, J.P., Lowe, R. & Karthick, B. (2020) The diatom genus Luticola D.G. Mann (Bacillariophyceae) in the Western Ghats of India and its biogeography. European Journal of Phycology 56: 142–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2020.1783460
Maltsev, Y., Kezlya, E., Maltseva, S., Karthick, B., Dvo?ák, P., Kociolek, J.P. & Kulikovskiy, M. (2021) A new species of the previously monotypic genus Iningainema (Cyanobacteria, Scytonemataceae) from the Western Ghats, India. European Journal of Phycology 56: 348–358.
Medlin, L.K. & Kaczmarska, I. (2004) Evolution of the diatoms: V. Morphological and cytological support for the major clades and a taxonomic revision. Phycologia 43: 245–270. https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-43-3-245.1
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853–858. https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Østrup, E. (1910) Danske Diatoméer. C.A. Reitzels Boghandel, Copenhagen. 323 pp.
Pavlov, A., Levkov, Z., Williams, D.M. & Edlund, M.B. (2013) Observations on Hippodonta (Bacillariophyceae) in selected ancient lakes. Phytotaxa 90: 1–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.90.1.1
Peng, Y.M., Rioual, P., Levkov, Z., Williams, D.M. & Jin, Z.D. (2014) Morphology and ultrastructure of Hippodonta qinghainensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from Lake Qinghai, China. Phytotaxa 186: 61–074. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.186.2.1
Radhakrishnan, C., Pardhi, S., Kulikovskiy, M., Kociolek, J.P. & Karthick, B. (2020) Navicula watveae sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) a new diatom species from the Western Ghats, India. Phytotaxa 433: 20–26. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.1.3
Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 64: 513–533.
Round, F.E., Crawford, R.M. & Mann, D.G. (1990) The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 747 pp.
Silva, P.C. (1962) Classification of algae. In: Lewin, R.A. (ed.) Physiology and biochemistry of algae. Academic Press, New York and London, pp. 827–837.
Somashekar, R.K. (1984) Contribution to the algal flora of river Kapila, Karnataka, II Diatoms. Phykos 23: 125–129.
Sreekumar, R. & Joseph, K.J. (1995) Periphytic flora of Cochin backwaters. Phykos 34: 83–89.
Verma, J. & Nautiyal, P. (2009) Longitudinal Patterns of distribution of epilithic diatoms in a lesser himalayan stream. Journal of Hill research 22: 105–109.
Vigneshwaran, A., Karthick, B., Kulikovskiy, M.S., Glushchenko, A. & Kociolek, J.P. (2019) A new species of Cymbella (Bacillariophyceae, cymbellaceae) from the Pavana river, Western Ghats, India. Phytotaxa 395: 209–218. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.395.3.5
Vijayakumar, S.P., Dinesh, K.P., Prabhu, M.V. & Shanker, K. (2014) Lineage delimitation and description of nine new species of bush frogs (Anura: Raorchestes, Rhacophoridae) from the Western Ghats Escarpment. Zootaxa 3893: 451–488. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3893.4.1
Thacker, M., Roy, S., Kociolek, J.P., Lowe, R.L. & Karthick, B. (2019) A new species of Germainiella (Bacillariophyta) from the Myristica swamps of the Western Ghats, India. Diatom Research 34: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2019.1671236
Trivedy, R.K. (1982) Some observations on algal flora of Jaipur, Rajasthan. Phykos 21: 160–163.
Wadmare, N., Baghela, A., Kociolek, J.P. & Karthick, B. (2021) Description and phylogenetic position of three new species of Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyceae: Stauroneidaceae) from the Indian Subcontinent. European Journal of Phycology 57: 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2021.1888390
Zhao, L., Sun, J.D., Gao, Y.H., Liang, J.R., Sun, L., Li, X.S. & Chen, C.P. (2017) Hippodonta fujiannensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae), a new diatom from the low intertidal zone, Fujian Province, China. Phytotaxa 295: 77–85. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.7