Abstract
Dictyanthus nichongus (Apocynaceae), a new species endemic to Jalisco, México, is described and illustrated herein. Dictyanthus macvaughianus, D. parviflorus, and D. tuberosus exhibit morphological similarities, but the new species differs from all of them by the combination of its flower size, corolla color, and stylar head shape and exsertion. A description, photographs, and a species key, as well as conservation status, are provided. This discovery increases the number of species of Dictyanthus reported for the country to 17, with 15 of them endemic.
References
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<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version March 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 1st September 2021)</p>
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<p>Kunze, H. (1995) Floral morphology of some Gonolobeae (Asclepiadaceae). <em>Botanische Jahrbücher der systematik</em> 117: 211–238.</p>
<p>Liede, S. & Kunze, H. (1993) A descriptive system for corona analysis in Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 185: 275–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937663</p>
<p>Mangelsdorff, R.D., Meve, U. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2016) Phylogeny and circumscription of Antillean <em>Anemotrochus</em>, gen. nov., and <em>Tylodontia</em> (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae: Gonolobinae). <em>Willdenowia </em>46: 443–474. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.46.46311</p>
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<p>Morillo, G. (2012) Aportes al conocimiento de las Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). <em>Pittieria </em>36: 13–57.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2013) Aportes al conocimiento de las Gonolobinae II (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Pittieria </em>37: 115–154.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2015) Aportes al conocimiento de las Gonolobinae parte III (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Pittieria </em>39: 191–258.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2016) Nuevas especies y nuevas combinaciones en las Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae) de Centro y Sudamérica. <em>Lilloa </em>53: 89–106.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. & Keller, H.A. (2016) Un nuevo género y dos nuevas combinaciones en las Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Bonplandia </em>25: 129–143.</p>
<p>Morillo, G., Fontella, J.P. & Dória, M.V.B. (2013) <em>Austrochthamalia </em>(Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae), un género nuevo segregado de <em>Chthamalia </em>Decne. <em>Revista de Biología Neotropical</em> 10: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v10i1.27827</p>
<p>Real Academia Española (RAE) (2021) Available from: https://www.rae.es/ (accessed 1st September 2021)</p>
<p>Robinson, B.L. (1893) Descriptions of new plants collected in Mexico by C. G. Pringle in 1890 and 1891, with notes upon a few other species. <em>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science</em> 3: 165–185.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (1975) Notes on the genus <em>Matelea </em>(Apocynaceae <em>s.l</em>.). <em>Phytologia </em>32: 387–406.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (1988) A synopsis of <em>Matelea </em>subg. <em>Dictyanthus </em>(Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 47: 1533–1564. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399300</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (1999) Two new combinations in Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae from Mesoamerica. <em>Novon </em>9: 564. https://doi.org/10.2307/3392167</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2000) New and interesting milkweeds (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Novon </em>10: 242–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/3393108</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2001) Asclepiadaceae. <em>In</em>: Stevens, W.D. Ulloa, C.U., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (Eds.) Flora de Nicaragua. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany</em> no. 85. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Missouri, pp. 234–270.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2009) <em>Dictyanthus</em>. <em>In</em>: Davidse, G., Sousa, S., Knapp, M. & Chiang, F. (Eds.)<em> Flora Mesoamericana</em> <em>volumen 4, parte 1 Cucurbitaceae a Polemoniaceae</em>. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología; Missouri Botanical Garden; The Natural History Museum, London, pp. 711–713.</p>
<p>Templeton, A.R. (1989) The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. <em>The units of evolution: Essays on the nature of species</em> 1992: 159–183.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical (accessed 1st September 2021)</p>
<p>Woodson, E.R.Jr. (1941) North American Asclepiadaceae. I. Perspective of the genera. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 28: 193–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394270</p>
<p>Aublet, J.B.C.F. (1775) <em>Histoire des Plantes de la Guiane Françoise</em> Tome I. Pierre-François Didot, London, 621 pp.</p>
<p>Decaisne, J. (1844) Asclepiadaceae. <em>In</em>: de Candolle, A.P. (Ed.) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 8. Paris, France, pp. 490–665.</p>
<p>Endress, M.E., Liede-Schumann, S. & Meve, U. (2014) An updated classification for Apocynaceae. <em>Phytotaxa </em>159: 175–194. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.159.3.2</p>
<p>González-Martínez, C.A., Lozada-Pérez, L. & Alvarado-Cárdenas, L.O. (2019) <em>Dictyanthus stevensii</em> (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; Gonolobinae), a new species from Chimalapas region, Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 394: 79–88.</p>
<p>Hemsley, W.B. (1882) <em>Biologia Centrali-Americana.</em> Vol II. R. H. Poret and Dulau & Co., London, 572 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version March 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 1st September 2021)</p>
<p>Juárez-Jaimes, V. & Lozada, L. (2003) Asclepiadaceae. Fascículo 37. <em>In</em>: Lawrence, M.K., Ochoterena, H. & Medina, R.L. (Eds.) <em>Flora del valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán</em>. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 61 pp.</p>
<p>Juárez-Jaimes, V., Alvarado-Cárdenas, L. & Villaseñor, J.L. (2007) La familia Apocynaceae <em>sensu lato</em> en México: diversidad y distribución. <em>Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad</em> 78: 459–482. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ib.20078706e.2007.002.402</p>
<p>Krings, A., Thomas, D.T. & Xiang, Q. (2008) On the generic circumscription of <em>Gonolobus </em>(Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): evidence from molecules and morphology. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 33: 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364408784571527</p>
<p>Kunze, H. (1995) Floral morphology of some Gonolobeae (Asclepiadaceae). <em>Botanische Jahrbücher der systematik</em> 117: 211–238.</p>
<p>Liede, S. & Kunze, H. (1993) A descriptive system for corona analysis in Asclepiadaceae and Periplocaceae. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 185: 275–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00937663</p>
<p>Mangelsdorff, R.D., Meve, U. & Liede-Schumann, S. (2016) Phylogeny and circumscription of Antillean <em>Anemotrochus</em>, gen. nov., and <em>Tylodontia</em> (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae: Gonolobinae). <em>Willdenowia </em>46: 443–474. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.46.46311</p>
<p>McDonnald, A., Parks, M. & Fishbein, M. (2018) Multilocus phylogenetics of New World milkweed vines (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 43: 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364418X697021</p>
<p>Montes De Oca Sicilia, M.P. (2010) <em>Chingonario, el diccionario de uso, reuso y abuso del chingar y sus derivados.</em> Lectorum (Sin Promo), México, 190 pp.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2012) Aportes al conocimiento de las Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae). <em>Pittieria </em>36: 13–57.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2013) Aportes al conocimiento de las Gonolobinae II (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Pittieria </em>37: 115–154.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2015) Aportes al conocimiento de las Gonolobinae parte III (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Pittieria </em>39: 191–258.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. (2016) Nuevas especies y nuevas combinaciones en las Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Asclepiadeae) de Centro y Sudamérica. <em>Lilloa </em>53: 89–106.</p>
<p>Morillo, G. & Keller, H.A. (2016) Un nuevo género y dos nuevas combinaciones en las Gonolobinae (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Bonplandia </em>25: 129–143.</p>
<p>Morillo, G., Fontella, J.P. & Dória, M.V.B. (2013) <em>Austrochthamalia </em>(Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Gonolobinae), un género nuevo segregado de <em>Chthamalia </em>Decne. <em>Revista de Biología Neotropical</em> 10: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.5216/rbn.v10i1.27827</p>
<p>Real Academia Española (RAE) (2021) Available from: https://www.rae.es/ (accessed 1st September 2021)</p>
<p>Robinson, B.L. (1893) Descriptions of new plants collected in Mexico by C. G. Pringle in 1890 and 1891, with notes upon a few other species. <em>Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science</em> 3: 165–185.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (1975) Notes on the genus <em>Matelea </em>(Apocynaceae <em>s.l</em>.). <em>Phytologia </em>32: 387–406.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (1988) A synopsis of <em>Matelea </em>subg. <em>Dictyanthus </em>(Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 47: 1533–1564. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399300</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (1999) Two new combinations in Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae from Mesoamerica. <em>Novon </em>9: 564. https://doi.org/10.2307/3392167</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2000) New and interesting milkweeds (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). <em>Novon </em>10: 242–256. https://doi.org/10.2307/3393108</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2001) Asclepiadaceae. <em>In</em>: Stevens, W.D. Ulloa, C.U., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (Eds.) Flora de Nicaragua. <em>Monographs in Systematic Botany</em> no. 85. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Missouri, pp. 234–270.</p>
<p>Stevens, W.D. (2009) <em>Dictyanthus</em>. <em>In</em>: Davidse, G., Sousa, S., Knapp, M. & Chiang, F. (Eds.)<em> Flora Mesoamericana</em> <em>volumen 4, parte 1 Cucurbitaceae a Polemoniaceae</em>. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología; Missouri Botanical Garden; The Natural History Museum, London, pp. 711–713.</p>
<p>Templeton, A.R. (1989) The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective. <em>The units of evolution: Essays on the nature of species</em> 1992: 159–183.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical (accessed 1st September 2021)</p>
<p>Woodson, E.R.Jr. (1941) North American Asclepiadaceae. I. Perspective of the genera. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 28: 193–244. https://doi.org/10.2307/2394270</p>