Abstract
Gymnopus wutaishanensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from north China. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences supported the establishment of the new species and positioned it in Gymnopus sect. Impudicae. Morphologically, this new species is diagnosed by the combination of basidiomata with tangy and unpleasant odor when fresh, pale orange to pinkish brown pileus, white and relatively dense lamellae, hairy stipes and small basidiospores of (4–)5–6(–7) × (2–)2.5–4 μm.
References
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<p>Ryoo, R., Antonín, V., Ka, K.H. & Tomšovský (2016) Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 8. <em>Gymnopus</em> section <em>Impudicae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 286 (2): 75–88. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.2.2</p>
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<p>Tolgor, B., Bulakh, Y.M., Zhuang, J.Y. & Li, Y. (2007) Agarics and other macrobasidiomycetes from Ussuri River Valley. <em>Mycosystema </em>26 (3): 349–368.</p>
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<p>Antonín, V., Halling, R.E. & Noordeloos, M.E. (1997) Generic concepts within the groups <em>Marasmius</em> and <em>Collybia</em> sensu lato. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 63: 359‒368.</p>
<p>Antonín, V. & Noordeloos, M.E. (1997) A monograph of <em>Marasmius</em>, <em>Collybia</em> and related genera in Europe. Part 1: <em>Marasmius</em>, <em>Setulipes</em> and <em>Marasmiellus</em>. <em>Libri Botanici</em> 8: 1–256.</p>
<p>Antonín, V. & Noordeloos, M.E. (2010) <em>A monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe</em>. IHW Verlag, Eching, 478 pp.</p>
<p>Antonín, V., Sedlák, P. & Tomšovský, M. (2013) Taxonomy and phylogeny of European <em>Gymnopus</em> subsection <em>Levipedes</em> (Basidiomycota, <em>Omphalotaceae</em>). <em>Persoonia</em> 31: 179–187.</p>
<p>Bi, Z.S., Zheng, G.Y. & Li, T.H (1994) <em>Macrofungus flora of Guangdong Province</em>. Guangdong Science and Technology Press.</p>
<p>Bulliard, J.B.F. (1783) <em>Herbier de la France</em>. Vol. 3. London Press. pp. 97–144</p>
<p>Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 17 (4): 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334</p>
<p>Coimbra, V.R.M., Pinheiro, F.G.B., Wartchow, F. & Gibertoni, T.B. (2015) Studies on <em>Gymnopus</em> sect. <em>Impudicae</em> (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from Northern Brazil: two new species and notes on <em>G. montagnei. Mycol Progress</em> 14: 110 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1131-2</p>
<p>Della Maggiora, M. (2014) Nomenclatural novelties. <em>Index Fungorum</em> 171: 1–1.</p>
<p>Deng, S.F. (2016) <em>Taxonomy of Gymnopus and preliminary study of Marasmiaceae resource in South China</em>. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.</p>
<p>Desjardin, D.E. & Perry, B.A. (2017) The gymnopoid fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from the Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa. <em>Mycosphere</em> 8: 1317–1391.</p>
<p>Dring, D.M. (1971) Techniques for microscopic preparation.<em> In: </em>Booth, C. (Ed.) <em>Methods in microbiology</em>. Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press. pp. 95–111.</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for <em>basidiomycetes </em>– application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2 (2): 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Gray, S.F. (1821)<em> A natural arrangement of British plants</em>. Vol. 1. London Press. 604 pp.</p>
<p>Halling, R.E. (1983) The genus <em>Collybia</em> (<em>Agaricales</em>) in the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. <em>Mycologia Memoir</em> 8: 1–148.</p>
<p>He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Sánchez-Ramírez, S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B., Crop, D.E., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, T.W., Menolli Jr., N., Mešić, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkalčec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Wei, T.Z., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of <em>Basidiomycota</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4</p>
<p>Hillis, D.M. & Bull, J.J. (1993) An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessing confidence in phylogenetic analysis. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 42 (2): 182–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/42.2.182</p>
<p>Hu, J., Zhao, G., Tuo, Y., Rao, G., Zhang, Z., Qi, Z., Yue, L., Liu, Y., Zhang, T., Li, Y. & Zhang, B. (2022) Morphological and Molecular Evidence Reveal Eight New Species of <em>Gymnopus</em> from Northeast China. <em>Journal of Fungi</em> 8 (4): 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040349</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability.<em> Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780. https:// doi:10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kummer, P. (1871) <em>Der Führer in die Pilzkunde</em>. Nabu Press. pp. 1–146.</p>
<p>Li, Y., Li, T.H., Yang, Z.Z., Tu, L.G.E. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) <em>Atlas of Chinese Macrofungal Resources</em>. Zhongyuan Farmers Press, Zhengzhou, 832 pp.</p>
<p>Li, J.P., Pan, M.C., Li, Y., Deng, C.Y., Wang, X.M., Zhang, B.X., Li, C.T. & Li, Y. (2022) Morpho-Molecular Evidence Reveals Four Novel Species of <em>Gymnopus</em> (Agaricales, Omphalotaceae) from China. <em>Journal of Fungi</em> 8 (4): 398. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8040398</p>
<p>Li, J.P., Song, B., Feng, Z., Wang, J., Deng, C.Y. & Yang, Y.H. (2021) A new species of <em>Gymnopus</em> sect. <em>Androsace</em>i (Omphalotaceae, Agaricales) from China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 521: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.521.1.1</p>
<p>Liu, B. (1991) <em>The edible macrofungi in Shanxi</em>. Taiyuan: United Press of Shanxi Universities.</p>
<p>Mao, X.L. (2000) <em>The Macrofungi in China</em>. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou.</p>
<p>Mata, J.L., Hughes, K.W. & Petersen, R.H. (2006) An investigation of / <em>omphalotaceae</em> (Fungi: Euagarics) with emphasis on the genus <em>Gymnopus</em>. <em>Sydowia</em> 58: 191–289.</p>
<p>Mešić, A., Tkalče, Z., Deng, C.Y., Li, T.H., Pleše, B. & Ćetković, H. (2011) <em>Gymnopus fuscotramus</em> (Agaricales), a new species from southern China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 117: 321–330.</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1916) Agaricaceae Tribe Agariceae. <em>North American Flora</em> 9 (5): 297–374.</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala. Sweden: Evolutionary Biology Centre.</p>
<p>Oliveira, J.J.S., Vargas-Isla, R., Cabral, T.S., Rodrigues, D.P. & Ishikawa, N.K. (2019) Progress on the phylogeny of the Omphalotaceae: <em>Gymnopus</em> s. str., <em>Marasmiellus</em> s. str., <em>Paragymnopus</em> gen. nov. and <em>Pusillomyces</em> gen. nov. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 18: 713–739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-019-01483-5</p>
<p>Page, R.D. (2001) <em>TreeView.</em> Glasgow University, Glasgow.</p>
<p>Persoon, C.H. (1801) <em>Synopsis methodica fungorum</em>. Gottingae, 708 pp.</p>
<p>Petersen, R.H. & Hughes, K.W. (2014) New North American species of <em>Gymnopus</em>. <em>North American Fungi</em> 9 (3): 1–22. https://dx.doi:10.2509/naf2014.009.003</p>
<p>Petersen, R.H. & Hughes, K.W. (2016) <em>Micromphale</em> sect. <em>Perforantia</em> (Agaricales, Basidiomycetes); Expansion and phylogenetic placement. <em>MycoKeys</em> 18: 1–122 https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.18.10007</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Roussel, H.F.A. (1806) <em>Flore du Calvados et terrains adjacents, composée suivant la méthode de Jussieu</em>. L.-J. Poisson, Caen, 372 pp.</p>
<p>Ryoo, R., Antonín, V., Ka, K.H. & Tomšovský (2016) Marasmioid and gymnopoid fungi of the Republic of Korea. 8. <em>Gymnopus</em> section <em>Impudicae</em>. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 286 (2): 75–88. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.286.2.2</p>
<p>Ryoo, R., Antonín, V. & Ka, K.H. (2020) Marasmioid and gymnopoid Fungi of the Republic of Korea. 8. <em>Gymnopus</em> Section <em>Levipedes</em>. <em>Mycobiology</em> 48 (4): 252–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1769541</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tai, F.L. (1979) <em>Sylloge fungorum sinicorum</em>. Science Press, Beijing. [in Chinese]</p>
<p>Teng, S.Q. (1963) <em>Fungi of China</em>. Science Press, Beijing. pp. 1–108. [in Chinese]</p>
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