Abstract
A new species of Lepiota from Turkey, Lepiota cremea sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) region. The morphological features together with molecular data confirmed both the novelty of this species and its infrageneric placement within Lepiota sect. Lepiota. Lepiota cremea, so far only found in Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana forest, is characterized by the pale beige basidiomata, subcylindrical to fusiform basidiospores, long pileus covering elements with often nodulose or horn-like bumps. A comprehensive description, illustrations and comparisons with morphologically similar and related taxa are provided.
References
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Birkebak, J.M., Vellinga, E.C., Franco-Molano, A.E., Wood, M.G. & Matheny, P.B. (2011) Lepiota maculans, an unusual mushroom rediscovered after 105 years. Southeastern Naturalist 10 (2): 267–274.
Bon, M. (1980) (‘1979’) Novitates: Taxons nouveaux. Documents Mycologiques 10 (37–38): 89–92.
Bon, M. (1993) Famille Lepiotaceae Roze ex Overeem. Documents Mycologiques 22 (88): 27–32.
Bresadola, G. (1881) Fungi Tridentini novi vel nondum delineati descripti et iconibus illustrati. Vol. 1. J.B. Monauni. Tridenti, Trento, 346 pp.
Caballero, A., Vizzini, A., Muñoz, G., Contu, M. & Ercole, E. (2015) Lepiota elseae (Agaricales, Agaricaceae), a new species of section Lepiota from Spain. Phytotaxa 201 (3): 188–196. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.3.2
Candusso, M. & Lanzoni, G. (1990) Lepiota s.l. Fungi europaei 4. Giovanna Biella, Saronno, 743 pp.
Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Ge, Z-W. & Smith, M.E. (2013) Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences indicates that the sequestrate Amogaster viridiglebus is derived from within the agaricoid genus Lepiota (Agaricaceae). Mycological Progress 12 (1): 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0841-y
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Hou, Y.J. & Ge, Z.W. (2020) New species of Echinoderma and Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from China. Phytotaxa 447 (4): 221–236. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.4.1
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Justo, A., Angelini, C. & Bizzi, A. (2015) Two new species and a new record of Lepiota (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from the Dominican Republic. Mycological Progress 14: 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1080-9
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Kummer, P. (1871) Der Führer in die Pilzkunde. Edn. 1. E. Luppe, Zerbst, 146 pp.
Lebel, T. & Vellinga, E.C. (2013) Description and affinities of a sequestrate Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from Australia. Mycological Progress 12: 525–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0859-1
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Liang, J.F., Yu, F., Lu, J.K., Wang, S.K. & Song, J. (2018) Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species in Lepiota from China. Mycologia 110: 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1464333
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Locquin, M. (1956) Quelques Lepiotes nouvelles ou critiques, Lepiota helveola Bres. ss. Josserand, L. Sericifera (Locq.) Locq. et L. Kühneriana sp. nov. Friesia 5 (3/5): 293–296.
Long, P., Fan, F., Xu, B., He, Z., Su, Y., Zhang, P., Xie, J. & Chen, Z. (2020) Determination of Amatoxins in Lepiota brunneoincarnata and Lepiota venenata by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Mycobiology 48 (3): 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1765718
Massee, G. (1898) Fungi Exotici 1. Bulletin of miscellaneous information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 1898 113–136.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Work shop (GCE). New Orleans, USA: GCE; pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
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Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Sysouphanthong, P., Guo, J.Y., Hyde, K.D., Xu, J.C. & Mortimer, P.E. (2016) Lepiota thailandica (Agaricaceae), a new species from Thailand. Phytotaxa 245 (4): 262–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.3
Sysouphanthong, P., Hyde, K.D., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A.H. & Vellinga, E.C. (2011) Lepiota (Agaricales) in northern Thailand 1 Lepiota section Stenosporae. Mycotaxon 117: 53–85. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.53
Sysouphanthong, P., Hyde, K.D., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A.H. & Vellinga, E.C. (2012) Lepiota (Agaricales) in northern Thailand 2 Lepiota section Lepiota. Cryptogamie Mycologie 33: 25–42. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v33.iss1.2012.025
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Bon, M. (1980) (‘1979’) Novitates: Taxons nouveaux. Documents Mycologiques 10 (37–38): 89–92.
Bon, M. (1993) Famille Lepiotaceae Roze ex Overeem. Documents Mycologiques 22 (88): 27–32.
Bresadola, G. (1881) Fungi Tridentini novi vel nondum delineati descripti et iconibus illustrati. Vol. 1. J.B. Monauni. Tridenti, Trento, 346 pp.
Caballero, A., Vizzini, A., Muñoz, G., Contu, M. & Ercole, E. (2015) Lepiota elseae (Agaricales, Agaricaceae), a new species of section Lepiota from Spain. Phytotaxa 201 (3): 188–196. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.3.2
Candusso, M. & Lanzoni, G. (1990) Lepiota s.l. Fungi europaei 4. Giovanna Biella, Saronno, 743 pp.
Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research 32: 1792–1797. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Ge, Z-W. & Smith, M.E. (2013) Phylogenetic analysis of rDNA sequences indicates that the sequestrate Amogaster viridiglebus is derived from within the agaricoid genus Lepiota (Agaricaceae). Mycological Progress 12 (1): 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0841-y
Gillet, C.G. (1874) Les Hyménomycètes, ou, Description de tous les champignons (fungi): qui croissent en France, avec l’indication de leurs propriétés utiles ou vénéneuses. Ch. Thomas, Alençon, France, 517 pp.
Gray, S.F. (1821) A natural arrangement of British plants, according to their relations to each other, as pointed out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, &c. including those cultivated for use; with an introduction to botany, in which the terms newly introduced are explained; illustrated by figures. vol. 1. Cradock & Joy, Paternoster-Row, London, Baldwin. pp. [i]–xxviii, [1]–824, pls I–XXI plates. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.43804
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-14998u1.29
Hou, Y.J. & Ge, Z.W. (2020) New species of Echinoderma and Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from China. Phytotaxa 447 (4): 221–236. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.447.4.1
Hughes, K.W., Petersen, R.H. & Lickey, E.B. (2009) Using heterozygosity to estimate a percentage DNA sequence similarity for environmental species’ delimitation across basidiomycete fungi. New Phytologist 182 (2009): 795–798. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02802.x
Johnson, J. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships within Lepiota sensu lato based on morphological and molecular data. Mycologia 91 (3): 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061038
Justo, A., Angelini, C. & Bizzi, A. (2015) Two new species and a new record of Lepiota (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) from the Dominican Republic. Mycological Progress 14: 56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1080-9
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kaygusuz, O., Justo, A., Knudsen, H., Šev?íková, H. & ?brahim, T. (2021) Pluteus lauracearum (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a new species of Pluteus sect. Hispidoderma from thermophilic Laurus forests. Phytotaxa 523 (2): 126–140. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.523.2.1
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi. 10th ed. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, 771 pp.
Kropp, B.R., Albee-Scott, S., Castellano, M. & Trappe, J.M. (2012) Cryptolepiota, a new sequestrate genus in the Agaricaceae with evidence for adaptive radiation in western North America. Mycologia 104: 164–174. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-046
Kummer, P. (1871) Der Führer in die Pilzkunde. Edn. 1. E. Luppe, Zerbst, 146 pp.
Lebel, T. & Vellinga, E.C. (2013) Description and affinities of a sequestrate Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from Australia. Mycological Progress 12: 525–532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0859-1
Liang, J.F. & Yang, Z.L. (2011) A new species of Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from southwestern China. Mycotaxon 117: 359–363.
Liang, J.F., Yang, Z.L. & Xu, D.P. (2011) A new species of Lepiota from China. Mycologia 103: 820–830. https://doi.org/10.3852/10-216
Liang, J.F., Yang, Z.L., Xu, J. & Ge, Z.W. (2010) Two new unusual Leucoagaricus species (Agaricaceae) from tropical China with blue-green staining reactions. Mycologia 102: 1141–1152. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-021
Liang, J.F., Yu, F., Lu, J.K., Wang, S.K. & Song, J. (2018) Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species in Lepiota from China. Mycologia 110: 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1464333
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vols. 1–2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiæ [Stockholm], 1200 pp.
Locquin, M. (1956) Quelques Lepiotes nouvelles ou critiques, Lepiota helveola Bres. ss. Josserand, L. Sericifera (Locq.) Locq. et L. Kühneriana sp. nov. Friesia 5 (3/5): 293–296.
Long, P., Fan, F., Xu, B., He, Z., Su, Y., Zhang, P., Xie, J. & Chen, Z. (2020) Determination of Amatoxins in Lepiota brunneoincarnata and Lepiota venenata by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry. Mycobiology 48 (3): 204–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1765718
Massee, G. (1898) Fungi Exotici 1. Bulletin of miscellaneous information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) 1898 113–136.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Work shop (GCE). New Orleans, USA: GCE; pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Muhire, B.M., Arvind, V. & Darren, P.M. (2014) SDT: a virus classification tool based on pairwise sequence alignment and identity calculation. PLOS One 9 (9): e108277. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108277
Nawaz, R., Khalid, A.N., Hanif, M. & Razaq, A. (2013) Lepiota vellingana sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) a new species from Lahore, Pakistan. Mycological Progress 12: 727–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0884-0
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest version 2. Program distributed by the author. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University, Evolutionary Biology Centre.
Rambaut, A. (2016) FigTree v1.4.3: Tree figure drawing tool. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 28 July 2022)
Razaq, A., Khalid, A.N. & Vellinga, E.C. (2013) Lepiota himalayensis (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 121: 319–325. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.319
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 589–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Saccardo, P.A. (1887) Sylloge Hymenomycetum, vol. 1. Agaricineae. Sylloge Fungorum 5: 1–1146.
Sesli, E., Asan, A. & Selçuk, F. (2020) The Checklist of Fungi of Turkey (Türkiye Mantarlar? Listesi). Ali Nihat Gökyi?it Vakf? Yay?n?, ?stanbul, Turkey, 1177 pp.
Singer, R. & Digilio, A.P.L. (1952) (‘1951’) Pródromo de la Flora Agaricina Argentina. Lilloa 25: 5–461.
Singer, R. (1986) Lepiota (Pers. ex) S.F. Gray. In: Singer, R. (Ed.) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4<sup>th</sup> Edition. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, Germany, pp. 497–501.
Solak, M.H. & Türko?lu, A. (2022) Macrofungi of Turkey, Checklist vol. III. Kanyilmaz Matbaacilik Kagit ve Ambalaj Sanayi Ticaret Ltd. Sti, ?zmir, Turkey, 426 pp.
Söylemez, T. & Yamaç, M. (2021) Screening of Macrofungi Isolates for Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A Degradation. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci 48: 122–129. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359021020126
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: A tool for Phylogenetic Analysis and Post-Analysis of Large Phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Sysouphanthong, P., Guo, J.Y., Hyde, K.D., Xu, J.C. & Mortimer, P.E. (2016) Lepiota thailandica (Agaricaceae), a new species from Thailand. Phytotaxa 245 (4): 262–270. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.4.3
Sysouphanthong, P., Hyde, K.D., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A.H. & Vellinga, E.C. (2011) Lepiota (Agaricales) in northern Thailand 1 Lepiota section Stenosporae. Mycotaxon 117: 53–85. https://doi.org/10.5248/117.53
Sysouphanthong, P., Hyde, K.D., Chukeatirote, E., Bahkali, A.H. & Vellinga, E.C. (2012) Lepiota (Agaricales) in northern Thailand 2 Lepiota section Lepiota. Cryptogamie Mycologie 33: 25–42. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym.v33.iss1.2012.025
Velenovsk?, J. (1920) ?eské Houby 1. ?eské Botanické Spole?nosti, Praze, 133 pp.
Velenovsk?, J. (1921) ?eské Houby 3. ?eské Botanické Spole?nosti, Praha, pp. 425–632.
Vellinga, E.C. & Huijser, H.A. (1999) Studies in Lepiota I. Species with a hymeniform pileus covering. Belgian Journal of Botany 131: 191–210.
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