Abstract
An investigation of the genus Scleroderma from the Russian Far East was conducted using molecular genetics and morphological methods. A new species, Scleroderma furfuraceum, close to S. citrinum in morphology and ITS nrDNA, is described. The new taxon is also found in Japan, according to a sequence from ectomycorrhizal root tips in GenBank. Another species, S. venenatum, is a new record for Russia. We present the new species with illustrated description and molecular work. A table is provided showing the evolutionary distances between sequences within the ‘citrinum’ clade.
References
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Guzmán, G. (1970) Monografia del genero Scleroderma Pers. emend Fr. Darwiniana 16 (1–2): 233–407.
Haelewaters, D., Dirks, A.C., Kappler, L.A., Mitchell, J.K., Quijada, L., Vandegrift, R., Buyck, B. & Pfister, D.H. (2018) A preliminary checklist of fungi at the Boston Harbor Islands. Northeastern Naturalist 25 (9): 45–76.
https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s904
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Kumla, J., Suwannarach, N., Bussaban, B. & Lumyong, S. (2013) Scleroderma suthepense, a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from Thailand. Mycotaxon 123: 1–7.
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Miyamoto, Y., Terashima, Y. & Nara, K. (2018) Temperature niche position and breadth of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Reduced diversity under warming predicted by a nested community structure. Global Change Biology 24 (12): 5724–5737.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14446
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Montagner, D.F., Coelho, G., Silveira, A.O., Baldoni, D.B. & Antoniolli, Z.I. (2015) Morphological and molecular analyses in Scleroderma (Basidiomycota) associated with exotic forests in Pampa biome, southern Brazil. Mycosphere 6 (3): 337–344.
https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/3/9
Nouhra, E.R., Hernandez Caffot, M.L., Pastor, N. & Crespo, E.M. (2012) The species of Scleroderma from Argentina, including a new species from the Nothofagus forest. Mycologia 104 (2): 488–495.
https://doi.org/10.3852/11-082
Ortiz-Rivero, J., Watling, R., Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Martin, M.P. (2021) The many-rooted earthball — Scleroderma geaster and S. polyrhizum revisited, with the description of a new species. Phytotaxa 510 (1): 1–17.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.510.1.1
Palmer, J.M., Lindner, D.L. & Volk, T.J. (2008) Ectomycorrhizal characterization of an American chestnut (Castanea dentata) – dominated community in Western Wisconsin. Mycorrhiza 19 (1): 27–36.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0200-7
Pegler, D.N., Laessøe, T. & Spooner, B.M. (1995) British puffballs, earthstars end stinkhorns. An account of the British Gasteroid fungi. Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew, 255 pp.
Persoon, C.H. (1801) Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. Göttingen: H. Dieterich.
Phosri, C., Martín, M.P., Watling, R., Jeppson, M. & Sihanonth, P. (2009) Molecular phylogeny and re-assessment of some Scleroderma spp. (Gasteromycetes). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66: 83–91.
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2199
Rauschert, S. (1959) Beitrag zur Nomenklatur mitteleuropäischer Gasteromyceten. Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 25 (2): 50–55.
Rebriev, Yu.A., Belaya, E.V. & Dudka, I.?. (2014) The revision of the gasteromycetes proposed by P.E. Sosin as new for science which were validly published. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya 46 (1): 67–74. [in Russian]
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https://doi.org/10.31857/S0026364820040091
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https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Rusevska, K., Karadelev, M., Phosri, C., Dueñas, M., Watling, R. & Martín, M.P. (2014) Rechecking of the genus Scleroderma (Gasteromycetes) from Macedonia using barcoding approach. Turkish Journal of Botany 38 (2): Article 17.
https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1301-36
Sims, K.P., Watling, R. & Jeffries, P. (1995) A revised key to the genus Scleroderma. Mycotaxon 56: 403–420.
Sosin, P.E. (1952) A new species of Gasteromycetes. Bot Mater Otd Sporov Rast Bot Inst Komarova Akad Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 125–131. [in Russian]
Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution 38 (7): 3022–3027.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Thiers, B. Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available online: http://sweet gum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 20 June 2022)
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books.
https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Vasilyeva, L.N. & Sosin, P.E. (1959) To gasteromycetes flora of the Primorsky krai. Soobsheniya Dalnevostochnogo filiala im. V. L. Komarova Sibirskogo otdeleniya AN SSSR 11: 58–62. [in Russian]
Watling, R. & Sims, K.P. (2004) Taxonomic and floristic notes on some larger Malaysian fungi. IV (Scleroderma). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 89: 93–96.
Zerova, M.Y., Sosin, P.E. & Rozhenko, G.L. (1979) The handbook of the fungi of Ukraine. Vol. 5: Basidiomycetes. Part 2: Boletales, Strobilomycetales, Tricholomatales, Entolomatales, Russulales, Agaricales, Gasteromycetes. Naukova dumka, Kiev. 565 pp. [in Ucrainian]
Zhang, C., Xu, X., Liu, J., He, M., Wang, W., Wang, Y. & Ji, K. (2013) Scleroderma yunnanense, a new species from South China. Mycotaxon 125: 193–200.
https://doi.org/10.5248/125.193
Zhang, Y.Z., Sun, C.Y., Sun, J., Zhang, K.P., Zhang, H.S., Guo, X., Zhou, Y.J., Zheng, D.S. & Li, H.J. (2020) Scleroderma venenatum sp. nov., S. venenatum var. macrosporum var. nov. and S. suthepense new to China. Phytotaxa 438 (2): 107–118.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.438.2.4
https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/9/1/3
Baseia, I.G., Silva, B.D.B., Ishikawa, N.K., Soares, J.V.C., França, I.F., Ushijima, S., Maekawa, N. & Martin, M.P. (2016) Discovery or Extinction of New Scleroderma species in Amazonia? PLoS ONE 11 (12): e0167879.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167879
Bau, T., Bulakh, E.M. & Govorova, O.K. (2011) Basidiomycetes. In: Fungi of Ussuri river valley. Chinese Academy of Sciences: Science Press; Oxford, UK; Elmsford, NY: Distributed by Pergamon Press Beijing, China. pp. 118–293.
Brock, P.M., Döring, H. & Bidartondo, M.I. (2009) How to know unknown fungi: the role of a herbarium. New Phytologist 181: 719–724.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02703.x
Bulakh, E.M., Vasser, S.P., Nazarova, M.M. & Nezdoiminogo, E.L. (1990) Lower plants, fungi and mosses of the Soviet Far East. Fungi. V. 1: Basidiomycetes: Russulaceae, Agaricaceae, Cortinariaceae, Paxillaceae, Gomphidiaceae, Strobilomycetaceae. Leningrad: Nauka. [in Russian]
Bulakh, E.M. (2016) Mushrooms of the Russian Far East. Vladivostok, Russkij ostrov. 400 pp. [in Russian]
Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Richardson, D.M., Le Roux, J.J., Strasberg, D., Edwards, J., Roets, F., Hubka, V., Taylor, P.W.J., Heykoop, M., Martín, M.P., Moreno, G., Sutton, D.A., Wiederhold, N.P., Barnes, C.W., Carlavilla, J.R., Gené, J., Giraldo, A., Guarnaccia, V., Guarro, J., Hernandez-Restrepo, M., Kola?ík, M., Manjón, J.L., Pascoe, I.G., Popov, E.S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Woudenberg, J.H.C., Acharya, K., Alexandrova, A.V., Alvarado, P., Barbosa, R.N., Baseia, I.G., Blanchette, R.A., Boekhout, T., Burgess, T.I., Cano-Lira, J.F., ?moková, A., Dimitrov, R.A., Dyakov, M.Yu., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K., Esteve-Raventós, F., Fedosova, A.G., Fournier, J., Gamboa, P., Gouliamova, D.E., Grebenc, T., Groenewald, M., Hanse, B., Hardy, G.E.St.J., Held, B.W., Jurjevi?, Ž., Kaewgrajang, T., Latha, K.P.D., Lombard, L., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Lysková, P., Mallátová, N., Manimohan, P., Miller, A.N., Mirabolfathy, M., Morozova, O.V., Obodai, M., Oliveira, N.T., Ordóñez, M.E., Otto, E.C., Paloi, S., Peterson, S.W., Phosri, C., Roux, J., Salazar, W.A., Sánchez, A., Sarria, G.A., Shin, H.-D., Silva, B.D.B., Silva, G.A., Smith, M.Th., Souza-Motta, C.M., Stchigel, A.M., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Sulzbacher, M.A., Telleria, M.T., Toapanta, C., Traba, J.M., Valenzuela-Lopez, N., Watling, R. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2016) Fungal Planet description sheets: 400–468. Persoonia 36: 316–458.
https://doi.org/10.3767/003158516X692185
Csizmár, M., Cseh, P., Dima, B., Orlóci, L. & Bratek, Z. (2021) Macrofungi of urban Tilia avenues and gardens in Hungary. Global Ecology and Conservation 28: e01672.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01672
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1818) Sylvae mycologicae Berolinenses. Bruschke, Berlin, 32 pp.
Frank, J.L., Barry, S. & Southworth, D. (2006) Mammal mycophagy and dispersal of mycorrhizal inoculum in Oregon white oak woodlands. Northwest Science 80 (4): 264–273.
Fries, E.M. (1829) Systema Mycologicum. Vol. 3. Gryphiswaldiae. 259 pp.
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specifity for Basidiomycetes: application to identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Guzmán, G. (1970) Monografia del genero Scleroderma Pers. emend Fr. Darwiniana 16 (1–2): 233–407.
Haelewaters, D., Dirks, A.C., Kappler, L.A., Mitchell, J.K., Quijada, L., Vandegrift, R., Buyck, B. & Pfister, D.H. (2018) A preliminary checklist of fungi at the Boston Harbor Islands. Northeastern Naturalist 25 (9): 45–76.
https://doi.org/10.1656/045.025.s904
Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. Briefings in Bioinformatics 20 (4): 1160–1166.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbx108
Kumla, J., Suwannarach, N., Bussaban, B. & Lumyong, S. (2013) Scleroderma suthepense, a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from Thailand. Mycotaxon 123: 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.5248/123.1
Miyamoto, Y., Terashima, Y. & Nara, K. (2018) Temperature niche position and breadth of ectomycorrhizal fungi: Reduced diversity under warming predicted by a nested community structure. Global Change Biology 24 (12): 5724–5737.
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14446
Montagne, J.P.F.C. (1840) Séconde centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles, Décades VI, VII et VIII. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique 14: 321–350.
Montagner, D.F., Coelho, G., Silveira, A.O., Baldoni, D.B. & Antoniolli, Z.I. (2015) Morphological and molecular analyses in Scleroderma (Basidiomycota) associated with exotic forests in Pampa biome, southern Brazil. Mycosphere 6 (3): 337–344.
https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/3/9
Nouhra, E.R., Hernandez Caffot, M.L., Pastor, N. & Crespo, E.M. (2012) The species of Scleroderma from Argentina, including a new species from the Nothofagus forest. Mycologia 104 (2): 488–495.
https://doi.org/10.3852/11-082
Ortiz-Rivero, J., Watling, R., Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Martin, M.P. (2021) The many-rooted earthball — Scleroderma geaster and S. polyrhizum revisited, with the description of a new species. Phytotaxa 510 (1): 1–17.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.510.1.1
Palmer, J.M., Lindner, D.L. & Volk, T.J. (2008) Ectomycorrhizal characterization of an American chestnut (Castanea dentata) – dominated community in Western Wisconsin. Mycorrhiza 19 (1): 27–36.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-008-0200-7
Pegler, D.N., Laessøe, T. & Spooner, B.M. (1995) British puffballs, earthstars end stinkhorns. An account of the British Gasteroid fungi. Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew, 255 pp.
Persoon, C.H. (1801) Synopsis Methodica Fungorum. Göttingen: H. Dieterich.
Phosri, C., Martín, M.P., Watling, R., Jeppson, M. & Sihanonth, P. (2009) Molecular phylogeny and re-assessment of some Scleroderma spp. (Gasteromycetes). Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66: 83–91.
https://doi.org/10.3989/ajbm.2199
Rauschert, S. (1959) Beitrag zur Nomenklatur mitteleuropäischer Gasteromyceten. Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde 25 (2): 50–55.
Rebriev, Yu.A., Belaya, E.V. & Dudka, I.?. (2014) The revision of the gasteromycetes proposed by P.E. Sosin as new for science which were validly published. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya 46 (1): 67–74. [in Russian]
Rebriev, Yu.A., Bulakh, E.M., Sazanova, N.A. & Shiryaev, A.G. (2020) New species of macromycetes for regions of Russian Far East. 1. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya 54 (4): 278–288. [in Russian]
https://doi.org/10.31857/S0026364820040091
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Rusevska, K., Karadelev, M., Phosri, C., Dueñas, M., Watling, R. & Martín, M.P. (2014) Rechecking of the genus Scleroderma (Gasteromycetes) from Macedonia using barcoding approach. Turkish Journal of Botany 38 (2): Article 17.
https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1301-36
Sims, K.P., Watling, R. & Jeffries, P. (1995) A revised key to the genus Scleroderma. Mycotaxon 56: 403–420.
Sosin, P.E. (1952) A new species of Gasteromycetes. Bot Mater Otd Sporov Rast Bot Inst Komarova Akad Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 125–131. [in Russian]
Tamura, K., Stecher, G. & Kumar, S. (2021) MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution 38 (7): 3022–3027.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120
Thiers, B. Index Herbariorum: A Global Directory of Public Herbaria and Associated Staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available online: http://sweet gum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 20 June 2022)
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books.
https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Vasilyeva, L.N. & Sosin, P.E. (1959) To gasteromycetes flora of the Primorsky krai. Soobsheniya Dalnevostochnogo filiala im. V. L. Komarova Sibirskogo otdeleniya AN SSSR 11: 58–62. [in Russian]
Watling, R. & Sims, K.P. (2004) Taxonomic and floristic notes on some larger Malaysian fungi. IV (Scleroderma). Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 89: 93–96.
Zerova, M.Y., Sosin, P.E. & Rozhenko, G.L. (1979) The handbook of the fungi of Ukraine. Vol. 5: Basidiomycetes. Part 2: Boletales, Strobilomycetales, Tricholomatales, Entolomatales, Russulales, Agaricales, Gasteromycetes. Naukova dumka, Kiev. 565 pp. [in Ucrainian]
Zhang, C., Xu, X., Liu, J., He, M., Wang, W., Wang, Y. & Ji, K. (2013) Scleroderma yunnanense, a new species from South China. Mycotaxon 125: 193–200.
https://doi.org/10.5248/125.193
Zhang, Y.Z., Sun, C.Y., Sun, J., Zhang, K.P., Zhang, H.S., Guo, X., Zhou, Y.J., Zheng, D.S. & Li, H.J. (2020) Scleroderma venenatum sp. nov., S. venenatum var. macrosporum var. nov. and S. suthepense new to China. Phytotaxa 438 (2): 107–118.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.438.2.4