Abstract
The nomenclatural type of Triticum durum is discussed. The name is lectotypified using a specimen collected in the North of Africa and preserved at Herb. P.
References
Ascherson, P.F.A. & Graebner, K.O.R.P.P (1901) Synopsis der mitteleuropäischen Flora, Band 2, Abth. 1. Wilhelm Engelmann (Druck der königl. Universitäts-Druckerei von H. Stürtz in Würzburg), Leipzig, 795 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.35810
Bowden, W.M. (1959) The taxonomy and nomenclature of the wheats, barleys, and ryes and their wild relatives. Canadian Journal of Botany 37 (4): 657–684. https://doi.org/10.1139/b59-053
Brickell, C.D., Alexander, C., Cubey, J.J., David, J.C., Hoffman, M.H.A., Leslie, A.C., Malécot, V. & Jin, X. (eds.) (2016) International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants. 9th ed. International Society for Horticultural Science, Leuven, Belgium, 190 pp.
Cosson, E.S.-C. (1849) Notes sur quelques Plantes de France Critiques. Librairie de Victor Masson, Place de l’École-de-Médecine 1, Paris, 184 pp.
Desfontaines, R.L. (1798) Flora atlantica, sive historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro tunetano et algeriensi crescunt, vol. 1. Typis C. Panckoucke, Parisiis [Paris], 444 pp. + 117 tab. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.323
Dorofeev, V.F., Filatenko, A.A., Migushova, E.F., Udachin, R.A. & Jakubtsiner, M.M. (1979) Wheat. In: Dorofeev, V.F. & Korovina, O.N. (eds.) Flora of Cultivated Plants, vol. 1. Kolos, Leningrad, 346 pp. [in Russian]
Feldman, M. & Kislev, M.E. (2007) Domestication of emmer wheat and evolution of free-threshing tetraploid wheat. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 55 (3–4): 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1560/IJPS.55.3-4.207
Gandilyan, P.A. (1980) Opredelitel Pshenitz, Aegilopsov, Rzji, Jatchmenja [Key to wheat, Aegilops, Rye and Barley]. Acad. Sci. Armenian SSR, Erevan, 190 pp. (in Russian).
Golovnina, K.A., Glushkov, S.A., Blinov, A.G., Mayorov, V.I., Adkison, L.R. & Goncharov, N.P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of the genus Triticum L. Plant Systematics and Evolution 264 (3–4): 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-006-0478-x
Golovnina, K.A., Kondratenko, E.Ya., Blinov, A.G. & Goncharov, N.P. (2009) Phylogeny of the A genome of wild and cultivated wheat species. Russian Journal of Genetics 45 (11): 1360–1367. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795409110106
Goncharov, N.P. (2002) Comparative genetics of wheats and their related species. Siberian University Press, Novosibirsk, 252 pp. [in Russian with English Summary]
Goncharov, N.P. (2005) Comparative-genetic analysis—a base for wheat taxonomy revision. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41 (Special Issue): 52–55. https://doi.org/10.17221/6132-CJGPB
Goncharov, N.P. (2011) Genus Triticum L. taxonomy: the present and the future. Plant Systematics and Evolution 295: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0480-9
Goncharov, N.P. & Gaidalenok, R.F. (2005) Localization of genes controlling spherical grain and compact ear in Triticum antiquorum Heer ex Udacz. Russian Journal of Genetics 41 (11): 1262–1267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11177-005-0227-1
Goncharov, N.P., Golovnina, K.A., Glushkov, S., Kilian, B., Blinov, A. & Shumny, V.K. (2008) Evolutionary history of wheats—the main cereal of mankind. In: Dobretsov, N., Kolchanov, N., Rozanov, A. & Zavarzin, G. (eds.) Biosphere Origin and Evolution, Part IV. Springer, Berlin, pp. 407–419.
Goncharov, N.P., Golovnina, K.A. & Kondratenko, E.Ya. (2009) Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of natural and artificial wheat species. Breeding Science 59 (5): 492–498. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.59.492
Goncharov, N.P., Kondratenko, E.J., Bannikova, S.V., Konovalov, A.A. & Golovnina, K.A. (2007) Comparative genetic analysis of diploid naked wheat Triticum sinskajae and its progenitor accession of T. monococcum. Russian Journal of Genetics 43 (11): 1248–1256. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795407110075
GRIN (2022) Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren. Available at: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=40577 (last accessed 13 January 2022)
Humphries, C.J. (1980) Triticum L. 202-203. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S. & Webb, B.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 202–203.
Husnot, P.-T. (1899) Graminées. Descriptions, figures et usages des graminées spontanées et cultivées de France, Belgique, îles Britanniques, Suisse. À Cahan, par Athis (Orne), 92 pp.
Kimber, G. & Sears, E.R. (1987) Evolution in the genus Triticum and the origin of cultivated wheat. In: Heyne, E.G. (ed.) Wheat and wheat improvement, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 154–164.
Konovalov, F.A., Goncharov, N.P., Goryunova, S., Shaturova, A., Proshlyakova, T. & Kudryavtsev, A. (2010) Molecular markers based on LTR retrotransposons BARE-1/Wis2–1A and Jeli uncover different strata of evolutionary relationships in diploid wheat. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 283 (6): 551–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-010-0539-2
Kuo, P.C. (1987) Triticum turgidum var. durum. In: Kuo, P.C. (ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 9 (3). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 48.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 1–560. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Löve, A. (1984) Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repertorium 95 (7–8): 425–521.
Luo, M.C., Yang, Z.L., You, F.M., Kawahara, T., Waines, J.G. & Dvorak, J. (2007) The structure of wild and domesticated emmer wheat populations, gene flow between them, and the site of emmer domestication. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 114 (6): 947–959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0474-0
Lyapunova, O.A. (2017) Intraspecific classification of durum wheat: New botanical varieties and forms. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 7 (7): 757–762. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079059717070048
Mackey, J. (1966) Species relationship in Triticum. Hereditas (suppl. 2): 237–276.
Mackey, J. (1968) Relationship in the Triticinae. In: Findlay, K.W. & Shepherd, K.W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Canberra. Australian Academy of Sciences, Sydney, pp. 39–50.
Mackey, J. (1977) Sec. Diccocoidea Flaksb. of wheat, its phylogeny, diversification and subdivision. In: Proceedings of the symposium on extended availability of Wheat Genetics Resources, 16–20 May. Germplasm Laboratory, Bari, pp. 5–46.
Mackey, J. (1988) A plant breeder’s perspective on taxonomy of cultivated plants. Biologisches Zentralblatt 107: 369– 379.
Mackey, J. (1989) Genus Triticum and its systematics. In: Shumny, V.K. (ed.) Vavilov’s legacy in modern biology. Nauka Publishers, Moscow, pp. 170–185 (in Russian).
Mackey, J. (2005) Wheat: its concept. Evolution and taxonomy. In: Royo, C., Nachit, M., Di Fonzo, N., Araus, J.L., Pfeiffer, W.H. & Slafer, G.A. (eds.) Durum wheat breeding. Current approaches and future strategies, vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 3–61.
Moragues, M., Moralejo, M., Sorrells, M.E. & Royo, C. (2007) Dispersal of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. Turgidum convar. Durum (Desf.) MacKey] landraces across the Mediterranean basin assessed by AFLPs and microsatellites. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54 (5): 1133–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9005-8
Morris, R. & Sears, E.R. (1967) The cytogenetics of wheat and its relatives. In: Ouissenberry, K.S. & Reitz, L.P. (eds.) Wheat and wheat improvement. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp. 19–87.
Morrison, L.A. (2007) Triticum L. In: Barkworth, M.E., Capels, K.M., Long, S., Anderton, L.K. & Piep, M.B. (eds.) Flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 24. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, pp. 268–277.
POWO (2022) Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77188896-1 (last accessed 13 January 2022).
Richter, K. (1890) Plantae europeae. Enumeratio systematica et synonymica plantarum phanerogamicarum in Europa sponte crescentium vel mere inquilinarum, Tomus I. Librairie des Sciences Naturelles, Paul Klincksieck, 52 rue des ecoles 52, Paris, 378 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10116
Schmalhausen, I.I. (1897) Flora sredney i yuzhnoy Rossii, Kryma i Severnogo Kavkaza [Flora of the Middle and Southern Russia, the Crimea and Northern Caucasus] 2. Kushnerev & Co., Kiev, 752 pp.
Schweinfurth, G. (1908) Über die von A. Aaronsohn ausgeführten Nachforschungen nach dem wilden Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides Kcke). Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 26a (4): 309–324. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/139101#page/326/mode/1up]
Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1976) Taxonomic literature, Vol. 1. Ed. 2. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1136 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631
Tan, K. (1985) Triticum. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey. Vol. 9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 245–255.
Tausch, I.F. (1837) Bemerkungen über einige Gramineen. Flora 20 (1): 97–109. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/928#page/99/mode/1up]
Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available at: https://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 14 January 2022).
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Scientific Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Van Slageren, M.W. (1994) Wild wheats: A monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. et Spach) Eig (Poaceae). Joint publication of ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), Aleppo, Syria and Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, 512 pp.
Vavilov, N.I. (1964) Mirovye resursy sortov khlebnikh zlakov, zernovikh bobovikh, l’na i ikh ispolzovanie v selektsii. Pshenitsa. [World resources of varieties of cereals, legumes, flax and their use in breeding. Wheat]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 441 pp.
Watanabe, N., Bannikova, S.V. & Goncharov, N.P. (2004) Inheritance and chromosomal location of the genes for long glume phenotype found in Portuguese landraces of hexaploid wheat, ‘Arrancada’. Journal of Genetics and Breeding 58: 273–278.
Zohary, D. & Feldman, M. (1962) Hybridization between amphidiploids and the evolution of polyploids in the wheat (Aegilops-Triticum) group. Evolution 16: 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1962.tb03197.x
Zohary, D. & Hopf, M. (2000) Domestication of plants in the Old World, 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. Clarendon, Oxford, 666 pp.
Bowden, W.M. (1959) The taxonomy and nomenclature of the wheats, barleys, and ryes and their wild relatives. Canadian Journal of Botany 37 (4): 657–684. https://doi.org/10.1139/b59-053
Brickell, C.D., Alexander, C., Cubey, J.J., David, J.C., Hoffman, M.H.A., Leslie, A.C., Malécot, V. & Jin, X. (eds.) (2016) International code of nomenclature for cultivated plants. 9th ed. International Society for Horticultural Science, Leuven, Belgium, 190 pp.
Cosson, E.S.-C. (1849) Notes sur quelques Plantes de France Critiques. Librairie de Victor Masson, Place de l’École-de-Médecine 1, Paris, 184 pp.
Desfontaines, R.L. (1798) Flora atlantica, sive historia plantarum quae in Atlante, agro tunetano et algeriensi crescunt, vol. 1. Typis C. Panckoucke, Parisiis [Paris], 444 pp. + 117 tab. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.323
Dorofeev, V.F., Filatenko, A.A., Migushova, E.F., Udachin, R.A. & Jakubtsiner, M.M. (1979) Wheat. In: Dorofeev, V.F. & Korovina, O.N. (eds.) Flora of Cultivated Plants, vol. 1. Kolos, Leningrad, 346 pp. [in Russian]
Feldman, M. & Kislev, M.E. (2007) Domestication of emmer wheat and evolution of free-threshing tetraploid wheat. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 55 (3–4): 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1560/IJPS.55.3-4.207
Gandilyan, P.A. (1980) Opredelitel Pshenitz, Aegilopsov, Rzji, Jatchmenja [Key to wheat, Aegilops, Rye and Barley]. Acad. Sci. Armenian SSR, Erevan, 190 pp. (in Russian).
Golovnina, K.A., Glushkov, S.A., Blinov, A.G., Mayorov, V.I., Adkison, L.R. & Goncharov, N.P. (2007) Molecular phylogeny of the genus Triticum L. Plant Systematics and Evolution 264 (3–4): 195–216. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-006-0478-x
Golovnina, K.A., Kondratenko, E.Ya., Blinov, A.G. & Goncharov, N.P. (2009) Phylogeny of the A genome of wild and cultivated wheat species. Russian Journal of Genetics 45 (11): 1360–1367. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795409110106
Goncharov, N.P. (2002) Comparative genetics of wheats and their related species. Siberian University Press, Novosibirsk, 252 pp. [in Russian with English Summary]
Goncharov, N.P. (2005) Comparative-genetic analysis—a base for wheat taxonomy revision. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 41 (Special Issue): 52–55. https://doi.org/10.17221/6132-CJGPB
Goncharov, N.P. (2011) Genus Triticum L. taxonomy: the present and the future. Plant Systematics and Evolution 295: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-011-0480-9
Goncharov, N.P. & Gaidalenok, R.F. (2005) Localization of genes controlling spherical grain and compact ear in Triticum antiquorum Heer ex Udacz. Russian Journal of Genetics 41 (11): 1262–1267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11177-005-0227-1
Goncharov, N.P., Golovnina, K.A., Glushkov, S., Kilian, B., Blinov, A. & Shumny, V.K. (2008) Evolutionary history of wheats—the main cereal of mankind. In: Dobretsov, N., Kolchanov, N., Rozanov, A. & Zavarzin, G. (eds.) Biosphere Origin and Evolution, Part IV. Springer, Berlin, pp. 407–419.
Goncharov, N.P., Golovnina, K.A. & Kondratenko, E.Ya. (2009) Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of natural and artificial wheat species. Breeding Science 59 (5): 492–498. https://doi.org/10.1270/jsbbs.59.492
Goncharov, N.P., Kondratenko, E.J., Bannikova, S.V., Konovalov, A.A. & Golovnina, K.A. (2007) Comparative genetic analysis of diploid naked wheat Triticum sinskajae and its progenitor accession of T. monococcum. Russian Journal of Genetics 43 (11): 1248–1256. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795407110075
GRIN (2022) Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) van Slageren. Available at: https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=40577 (last accessed 13 January 2022)
Humphries, C.J. (1980) Triticum L. 202-203. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S. & Webb, B.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, Vol. 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 202–203.
Husnot, P.-T. (1899) Graminées. Descriptions, figures et usages des graminées spontanées et cultivées de France, Belgique, îles Britanniques, Suisse. À Cahan, par Athis (Orne), 92 pp.
Kimber, G. & Sears, E.R. (1987) Evolution in the genus Triticum and the origin of cultivated wheat. In: Heyne, E.G. (ed.) Wheat and wheat improvement, 2nd ed. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI, pp. 154–164.
Konovalov, F.A., Goncharov, N.P., Goryunova, S., Shaturova, A., Proshlyakova, T. & Kudryavtsev, A. (2010) Molecular markers based on LTR retrotransposons BARE-1/Wis2–1A and Jeli uncover different strata of evolutionary relationships in diploid wheat. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 283 (6): 551–563. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-010-0539-2
Kuo, P.C. (1987) Triticum turgidum var. durum. In: Kuo, P.C. (ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, vol. 9 (3). Science Press, Beijing, pp. 48.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, pp. 1–560. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669
Löve, A. (1984) Conspectus of the Triticeae. Feddes Repertorium 95 (7–8): 425–521.
Luo, M.C., Yang, Z.L., You, F.M., Kawahara, T., Waines, J.G. & Dvorak, J. (2007) The structure of wild and domesticated emmer wheat populations, gene flow between them, and the site of emmer domestication. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 114 (6): 947–959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-006-0474-0
Lyapunova, O.A. (2017) Intraspecific classification of durum wheat: New botanical varieties and forms. Russian Journal of Genetics: Applied Research 7 (7): 757–762. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079059717070048
Mackey, J. (1966) Species relationship in Triticum. Hereditas (suppl. 2): 237–276.
Mackey, J. (1968) Relationship in the Triticinae. In: Findlay, K.W. & Shepherd, K.W. (eds.) Proceedings of the 3rd International Wheat Genetics Symposium, Canberra. Australian Academy of Sciences, Sydney, pp. 39–50.
Mackey, J. (1977) Sec. Diccocoidea Flaksb. of wheat, its phylogeny, diversification and subdivision. In: Proceedings of the symposium on extended availability of Wheat Genetics Resources, 16–20 May. Germplasm Laboratory, Bari, pp. 5–46.
Mackey, J. (1988) A plant breeder’s perspective on taxonomy of cultivated plants. Biologisches Zentralblatt 107: 369– 379.
Mackey, J. (1989) Genus Triticum and its systematics. In: Shumny, V.K. (ed.) Vavilov’s legacy in modern biology. Nauka Publishers, Moscow, pp. 170–185 (in Russian).
Mackey, J. (2005) Wheat: its concept. Evolution and taxonomy. In: Royo, C., Nachit, M., Di Fonzo, N., Araus, J.L., Pfeiffer, W.H. & Slafer, G.A. (eds.) Durum wheat breeding. Current approaches and future strategies, vol. 1. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp. 3–61.
Moragues, M., Moralejo, M., Sorrells, M.E. & Royo, C. (2007) Dispersal of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. Turgidum convar. Durum (Desf.) MacKey] landraces across the Mediterranean basin assessed by AFLPs and microsatellites. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 54 (5): 1133–1144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9005-8
Morris, R. & Sears, E.R. (1967) The cytogenetics of wheat and its relatives. In: Ouissenberry, K.S. & Reitz, L.P. (eds.) Wheat and wheat improvement. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, pp. 19–87.
Morrison, L.A. (2007) Triticum L. In: Barkworth, M.E., Capels, K.M., Long, S., Anderton, L.K. & Piep, M.B. (eds.) Flora of North America, north of Mexico. Vol. 24. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, pp. 268–277.
POWO (2022) Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn. Available at: https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77188896-1 (last accessed 13 January 2022).
Richter, K. (1890) Plantae europeae. Enumeratio systematica et synonymica plantarum phanerogamicarum in Europa sponte crescentium vel mere inquilinarum, Tomus I. Librairie des Sciences Naturelles, Paul Klincksieck, 52 rue des ecoles 52, Paris, 378 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.10116
Schmalhausen, I.I. (1897) Flora sredney i yuzhnoy Rossii, Kryma i Severnogo Kavkaza [Flora of the Middle and Southern Russia, the Crimea and Northern Caucasus] 2. Kushnerev & Co., Kiev, 752 pp.
Schweinfurth, G. (1908) Über die von A. Aaronsohn ausgeführten Nachforschungen nach dem wilden Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides Kcke). Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 26a (4): 309–324. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/139101#page/326/mode/1up]
Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1976) Taxonomic literature, Vol. 1. Ed. 2. Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema, Utrecht, 1136 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.48631
Tan, K. (1985) Triticum. In: Davis, P.H. (ed.) Flora of Turkey. Vol. 9. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 245–255.
Tausch, I.F. (1837) Bemerkungen über einige Gramineen. Flora 20 (1): 97–109. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/928#page/99/mode/1up]
Thiers, B. (2022 [continuously updated]) Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available at: https://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 14 January 2022).
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Scientific Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Van Slageren, M.W. (1994) Wild wheats: A monograph of Aegilops L. and Amblyopyrum (Jaub. et Spach) Eig (Poaceae). Joint publication of ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas), Aleppo, Syria and Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands, 512 pp.
Vavilov, N.I. (1964) Mirovye resursy sortov khlebnikh zlakov, zernovikh bobovikh, l’na i ikh ispolzovanie v selektsii. Pshenitsa. [World resources of varieties of cereals, legumes, flax and their use in breeding. Wheat]. Nauka, Moscow-Leningrad, 441 pp.
Watanabe, N., Bannikova, S.V. & Goncharov, N.P. (2004) Inheritance and chromosomal location of the genes for long glume phenotype found in Portuguese landraces of hexaploid wheat, ‘Arrancada’. Journal of Genetics and Breeding 58: 273–278.
Zohary, D. & Feldman, M. (1962) Hybridization between amphidiploids and the evolution of polyploids in the wheat (Aegilops-Triticum) group. Evolution 16: 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1962.tb03197.x
Zohary, D. & Hopf, M. (2000) Domestication of plants in the Old World, 3<sup>rd</sup> ed. Clarendon, Oxford, 666 pp.