Abstract
During an investigation of fungal saprobes of Yunnan Province, China, a species in Tetraplosphaeriaceae was collected from decaying stems of Saccharum arundinaceum (Poaceae). The taxon has oblong, dark brown to black, four-columned conidia with mostly three long apical appendages. Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS, β-tubulin and tef1-α sequence data revealed that our collection is a member of Tetraploa and has a close affinity to T. aquatica, T. dashaoensis, and T. nagasakiensis. Based on the morphological comparison and multi-locus phylogeny, we introduce T. cylindrica as a new species. The newly discovered taxon is described, illustrated, and compared to related taxa. A taxonomic insight is presented based on our new data regarding the classification problems of asexual and sexual morphs of Tetraploa. In addition, this is the first report of Tetraploa species that occur on Saccharum arundinaceum. The results of the present study will expand our ecological knowledge of Tetraploa.
References
Ando, K. (1992) A study of terrestrial aquatic hyphomycetes (in Japanese). Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan 33: 415–425.
Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Jayasiri, S.C., Buyck, B., Chethana, K.W.T., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Daranagama, D.A., Jayawardena, R.S., Lücking, R., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Niskanen, T., Thambugala, K.M., Voigt, K., Zhao, R.L., Li, G.J., Doilom, M., Boonmee, S., Yang, Z.L., Cai, Q., Cui, Y.Y., Bahkali, A.H., Chen, J., Cui, B.K., Chen, J.J., Dayarathne, M.C., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Hashimoto, A., Hongsanan, S., Jones, E.B.G., Larsson, E., Li, W.J., Li, Q.R., Liu, J.K., Luo, Z.L., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Norphanphoun, C., Konta, S., Pang, K.L., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Pinruan, U., Randrianjohany, E., Singtripop, C., Tanaka, K., Tian, C.M., Tibpromma, S., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, H., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Wedin, M., Westberg, M., Ammirati, J.F., Bulgakov, T.S., Lima, D.X., Callaghan, T.M., Callac, P., Chang, C.H., Coca, L.F., Dal-Forno, M., Dollhofer, V., Fliegerová, K., Greiner, K., Griffith, G.W., Ho, H.M., Hofstetter, V., Jeewon, R., Kang, J.C., Wen, T.C., Kirk, P.M., Kytövuori, I., Lawrey, J.D., Xing, J., Li, H., Liu, Z.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liimatainen, K., Lumbsch, H.T., Matsumura, M., Moncada, B., Nuankaew, S., Parnmen, S., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Sommai, S., Song, Y., de Souza, C.A.F., de Souza-Motta, C.M., Su, H.Y., Suetrong, S., Wang, Y., Wei, S.F., Wen, T.C., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Réblová, M., Fournier, J., Camporesi, E., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Tasanathai, K., Khonsanit, A., Thanakitpipattana, D., Somrithipol, S., Diederich, P., Millanes, A.M., Common, R.S., Stadler, M., Yan, J.Y., Li, X., Lee, H.W., Nguyen, T.T.T., Lee, H.B., Battistin, E., Marsico, O., Vizzini, A., Vila, J., Ercole, E., Eberhardt, U., Simonini, G., Wen, H.A. & Chen, X.H. (2015) Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 75: 27–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5
Berkeley, M.J. & Broome, C.E. (1850) Notices of British fungi (438–501). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745486009494947
Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051
Chethana, K.W.T., Manawasinghe, I.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Bhunjun, C.S., Appadoo, M.A., Gentekaki, E., Raspé, O., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them? Fungal Diversity 109: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00483-9
Crous, P.W., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Yilmaz, N., Thangavel, R., Wingfield, M.J., Noordeloos, M.E., Dima, B., Brandrud, T.E., Jansen, G.M. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal planet description sheets: 1182–1283. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 46: 313–528. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11
Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raja, H.A., Tanaka, K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Hongsanan, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Yu, X.D., Wang, G.N., Yang, H., Yang, J., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Luo, Z.L., Yang, J.B., Miller, A.N., Fournier, J., Boonmee, S., Hu, D.M., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 105: 319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Ellis, M.B. (1949) Tetraploa. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 32: 246–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(49)80013-1
Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
Green, B.J., O’Meara, T., Sercombe, J.K. & Tovey, E.R. (2006) Measurement of personal exposure to outdoor aeromycota in northern New South Wales, Australia. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 13: 225–234. http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.045823.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user–friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hatakeyama, S., Tanaka, K. & Harada, Y. (2005) Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (5): three species of Tetraploa. Mycoscience 46: 196–200. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-005-0233-0
Hongsanan, S., Hyde, K.D., Phookamsak, R., Wanasinghe, D.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Sarma, V.V., Boonmee, S., Lücking, R., Pem, D., Bhat, D.J., Liu, N., Tennakoon, D.S., Karunarathna, A., Jiang, S.H., Jones, E.B.G., Phillips, A.J.L., Manawasinghe, I., Tibpromma, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Sandamali, D., Jayawardena, R.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Jeewon, R., Lu, Y.Z., Dissanayake, A.J., Luo, Z.L., Tian, Q., Phukhamsakda, C., Thambugala, K.M., Dai, D.Q., Chethana, T.K.W., Ertz, D., Doilom, M., Liu, J.K., Pérez-Ortega, S., Suija, A., Senwanna, C., Wijesinghe, S.N., Konta, S., Niranjan, M., Zhang, S.N., Ariyawansa, H.A., Jiang, H.B., Zhang, J.F., de, Silva, N.I., Thiyagaraja, V., Zhang, H., Bezerra, J.D.P., Miranda-Gonzáles, R., Aptroot, A., Kashiwadani, H., Harishchandra, D., Aluthmuhandiram, J.V.S., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bao, D.F., Devadatha, B., Wu, H.X., Moon, K.H., Gueidan, C., Schumm, F., Bundhun, D., Mapook, A., Monkai, J., Chomnunti, P., Samarakoon, M.C., Suetrong, S., Chaiwan, N., Dayarathne, M.C., Jing, Y., Rathnayaka, A.R., Bhunjun, C.S., Xu, J.C., Zheng, J.S., Liu, G., Feng, Y. & Xie, N. (2020) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11: 1553–2107. http://doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13
Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755. http://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, J.K., Ariyawansa, H.A., Boehm, E., Boonmee, S., Braun, U., Chomnunti, P., Crous, P.W., Dai, D.Q., Diederich, P., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., Doveri, F., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R., Lawrey, J.D., Li, Y.M., Liu, Y.X., Lücking, R., Monkai, J., Muggia, L., Nelsen, M.P., Pang, K.L., Phookamsak, R., Senanayake, I.C., Shearer, C.A., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wikee, S., Wu, H.X., Zhang, Y., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Alias, S.A., Aptroot, A., Bahkali, A.H., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Camporesi, E., Chukeatirote, E., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D.L., Hirayama, K., Hoog, S.D., Kang, J.C., Knudsen, K., Li, W.J., Li, X.H., Liu, Z.Y., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Miller, A.N., Mortimer, P.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Raja, H.A., Scheuer, C., Schumm, F., Taylor, J.E., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, Y., Xu, J.C., Yacharoen, S., Yan, J.Y. & Zhang, M. (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63: 1–313. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-44
Hyde, K.D., Dong, Y., Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, N.G., Abeywickrama, P.D., Mapook, A., Wei, D.P., Perera, R.H., Manawasinghe, I.S., Pem, D., Bundhun, D., Karunarathna, A., Ekanayaka, A.H., Bao, D.F., Li, J.F., Samarakoon, M.C., Chaiwan, N., Lin, C.G., Phutthacharoen, K., Zhang, S.N., Senanayake, I.C., Goonasekara, I.D., Thambugala, K.M., Phukhamsakda, C., Tennakoon, D.S., Jiang, H.B., Yang, J., Zeng, M., Huanraluek, N., Liu, J.K., Wijesinghe, S.N., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Brahmanage, R.S., Boonmee, S., Huang, S.K., Thiyagaraja, V., Lu, Y.Z., Jayawardena, R.S., Dong, W., Yang, E.F., Singh, S.K., Singh, S.M., Rana, S., Lad, S.S., Anand, G., Devadatha, B., Niranjan, M., Sarma, V.V., Liimatainen, K., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Niskanen, T., Overall, A., Alvarenga, R.L.M., Gibertoni, T.B., Pfliegler, W.P., Horvaìth, E., Imre, A., Alves, A.L., Santos, A.C.S., Tiago, P.V., Bulgakov, T.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bahkali, A.H., Doilom, M., Elgorban, A.M., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Haelewaters, D., Mortimer, P.E., Zhao, Q., Lumyong, S., Xu, J.C. & Sheng, J. (2020a) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 100: 5–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5
Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Chen, Y.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Calabon, M.S., Jiang, H.B., Lin, C.G., Norphanphoun, C., Sysouphanthong, P., Pem, D., Tibpromma, S., Zhang, Q., Doilom, M., Jayawardena, R.S., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Phookamsak, R., Al-Sadi, A.M., Naritsada, Thongklang, N., Wang, Y., Gafforov, Y., Jones, E.B.G. & Lumyong, S. (2020b) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening? Fungal Diversity 103, 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00458-2
Hyde, K.D., Bao, D.F., Hongsanan, S., Chethana, K.T., Yang, J. & Suwannarach, N. (2021) Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae (Sordariomycetes) provides evidence for five new orders and six new families. Fungal Diversity 107: 71–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00469-7
Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, D.J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd–Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa–ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad–Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel–Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74: 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2016) A simple method to control over–alignment in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Bioinformatics 32: 1933–1942. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/ ?-tubulinu 108.
Li, W.L., Bao, D.F., Bhat, D.J. & Su, H.Y. (2020) Tetraploa aquatica (Tetraplosphaeriaceae), a new freshwater fungal species from Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 459: 181–189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.459.2.8
Li, W.L., Bao, D.F., Liu, N.G., Hyde, K.D. & Liu, J.K. (2021) Aquatisphaeria thailandica gen. et sp. nov. (Tetraplosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from a freshwater habitat in Thailand. Phytotaxa 513: 118–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.0
Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Chen, Y., Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Haelewaters, D., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bustamante, D.E., Liu, J.K., Lawrence, D.P., Cheewangkoon, R. & Stadler, M. (2021) Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 109: 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00486-6
Markham, W.D., Key, R.D., Padhye, A.A. & Ajello, L. (1990) Phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Tetraploa aristata. Medical Mycology 28: 147–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219080000191
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the gateway computing environments workshop (GCE). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New Orleans. 8 pp. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree v1. 4.0. A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 28 May 2022).
Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43: 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338839
Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAXML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post–analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/?-tubulinu033
Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2006) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, Version 4.0 b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348772 (accessed 4 October 2021).
Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Hatakeyama, S., Harada, Y., Sano, T., Shirouzu, T. & Hosoya, T. (2009) Molecular taxonomy of bambusicolous fungi: Tetraplosphaeriaceae, a new pleosporalean family with tetraploa-like anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 64: 175–209. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.10
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/ 10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic press, London, pp. 482. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zhaxybayeva, O. & Gogarten, J.P. (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. BMC genomics 3: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-3-4
Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Jayasiri, S.C., Buyck, B., Chethana, K.W.T., Dai, D.Q., Dai, Y.C., Daranagama, D.A., Jayawardena, R.S., Lücking, R., Ghobad-Nejhad, M., Niskanen, T., Thambugala, K.M., Voigt, K., Zhao, R.L., Li, G.J., Doilom, M., Boonmee, S., Yang, Z.L., Cai, Q., Cui, Y.Y., Bahkali, A.H., Chen, J., Cui, B.K., Chen, J.J., Dayarathne, M.C., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Hashimoto, A., Hongsanan, S., Jones, E.B.G., Larsson, E., Li, W.J., Li, Q.R., Liu, J.K., Luo, Z.L., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Norphanphoun, C., Konta, S., Pang, K.L., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., Phukhamsakda, C., Pinruan, U., Randrianjohany, E., Singtripop, C., Tanaka, K., Tian, C.M., Tibpromma, S., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhang, J.F., Zhang, H., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Wedin, M., Westberg, M., Ammirati, J.F., Bulgakov, T.S., Lima, D.X., Callaghan, T.M., Callac, P., Chang, C.H., Coca, L.F., Dal-Forno, M., Dollhofer, V., Fliegerová, K., Greiner, K., Griffith, G.W., Ho, H.M., Hofstetter, V., Jeewon, R., Kang, J.C., Wen, T.C., Kirk, P.M., Kytövuori, I., Lawrey, J.D., Xing, J., Li, H., Liu, Z.Y., Liu, X.Z., Liimatainen, K., Lumbsch, H.T., Matsumura, M., Moncada, B., Nuankaew, S., Parnmen, S., de Azevedo Santiago, A.L.C.M., Sommai, S., Song, Y., de Souza, C.A.F., de Souza-Motta, C.M., Su, H.Y., Suetrong, S., Wang, Y., Wei, S.F., Wen, T.C., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Réblová, M., Fournier, J., Camporesi, E., Luangsa-ard, J.J., Tasanathai, K., Khonsanit, A., Thanakitpipattana, D., Somrithipol, S., Diederich, P., Millanes, A.M., Common, R.S., Stadler, M., Yan, J.Y., Li, X., Lee, H.W., Nguyen, T.T.T., Lee, H.B., Battistin, E., Marsico, O., Vizzini, A., Vila, J., Ercole, E., Eberhardt, U., Simonini, G., Wen, H.A. & Chen, X.H. (2015) Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 75: 27–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0346-5
Berkeley, M.J. & Broome, C.E. (1850) Notices of British fungi (438–501). Annals and Magazine of Natural History 5: 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/03745486009494947
Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia 91: 553–556. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061051
Chethana, K.W.T., Manawasinghe, I.S., Hurdeal, V.G., Bhunjun, C.S., Appadoo, M.A., Gentekaki, E., Raspé, O., Promputtha, I. & Hyde, K.D. (2021) What are fungal species and how to delineate them? Fungal Diversity 109: 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00483-9
Crous, P.W., Cowan, D.A., Maggs-Kölling, G., Yilmaz, N., Thangavel, R., Wingfield, M.J., Noordeloos, M.E., Dima, B., Brandrud, T.E., Jansen, G.M. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal planet description sheets: 1182–1283. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 46: 313–528. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.46.11
Dong, W., Wang, B., Hyde, K.D., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raja, H.A., Tanaka, K., Abdel-Wahab, M.A., Abdel-Aziz, F.A., Doilom, M., Phookamsak, R., Hongsanan, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Yu, X.D., Wang, G.N., Yang, H., Yang, J., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Luo, Z.L., Yang, J.B., Miller, A.N., Fournier, J., Boonmee, S., Hu, D.M., Nalumpang, S. & Zhang, H. (2020) Freshwater Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 105: 319–575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00463-5
Ellis, M.B. (1949) Tetraploa. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 32: 246–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(49)80013-1
Glass, N.L. & Donaldson, G.C. (1995) Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61: 1323–1330. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.61.4.1323-1330.1995
Green, B.J., O’Meara, T., Sercombe, J.K. & Tovey, E.R. (2006) Measurement of personal exposure to outdoor aeromycota in northern New South Wales, Australia. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 13: 225–234. http://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.045823.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user–friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hatakeyama, S., Tanaka, K. & Harada, Y. (2005) Bambusicolous fungi in Japan (5): three species of Tetraploa. Mycoscience 46: 196–200. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-005-0233-0
Hongsanan, S., Hyde, K.D., Phookamsak, R., Wanasinghe, D.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Sarma, V.V., Boonmee, S., Lücking, R., Pem, D., Bhat, D.J., Liu, N., Tennakoon, D.S., Karunarathna, A., Jiang, S.H., Jones, E.B.G., Phillips, A.J.L., Manawasinghe, I., Tibpromma, S., Jayasiri, S.C., Sandamali, D., Jayawardena, R.S., Wijayawardene, N.N., Ekanayaka, A.H., Jeewon, R., Lu, Y.Z., Dissanayake, A.J., Luo, Z.L., Tian, Q., Phukhamsakda, C., Thambugala, K.M., Dai, D.Q., Chethana, T.K.W., Ertz, D., Doilom, M., Liu, J.K., Pérez-Ortega, S., Suija, A., Senwanna, C., Wijesinghe, S.N., Konta, S., Niranjan, M., Zhang, S.N., Ariyawansa, H.A., Jiang, H.B., Zhang, J.F., de, Silva, N.I., Thiyagaraja, V., Zhang, H., Bezerra, J.D.P., Miranda-Gonzáles, R., Aptroot, A., Kashiwadani, H., Harishchandra, D., Aluthmuhandiram, J.V.S., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bao, D.F., Devadatha, B., Wu, H.X., Moon, K.H., Gueidan, C., Schumm, F., Bundhun, D., Mapook, A., Monkai, J., Chomnunti, P., Samarakoon, M.C., Suetrong, S., Chaiwan, N., Dayarathne, M.C., Jing, Y., Rathnayaka, A.R., Bhunjun, C.S., Xu, J.C., Zheng, J.S., Liu, G., Feng, Y. & Xie, N. (2020) Refined families of Dothideomycetes: Dothideomycetidae and Pleosporomycetidae. Mycosphere 11: 1553–2107. http://doi 10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/13
Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MrBayes: Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Bioinformatics 17: 754–755. http://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754
Hyde, K.D., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, J.K., Ariyawansa, H.A., Boehm, E., Boonmee, S., Braun, U., Chomnunti, P., Crous, P.W., Dai, D.Q., Diederich, P., Dissanayake, A., Doilom, M., Doveri, F., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R., Lawrey, J.D., Li, Y.M., Liu, Y.X., Lücking, R., Monkai, J., Muggia, L., Nelsen, M.P., Pang, K.L., Phookamsak, R., Senanayake, I.C., Shearer, C.A., Suetrong, S., Tanaka, K., Thambugala, K.M., Wijayawardene, N.N., Wikee, S., Wu, H.X., Zhang, Y., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Alias, S.A., Aptroot, A., Bahkali, A.H., Bezerra, J.L., Bhat, D.J., Camporesi, E., Chukeatirote, E., Gueidan, C., Hawksworth, D.L., Hirayama, K., Hoog, S.D., Kang, J.C., Knudsen, K., Li, W.J., Li, X.H., Liu, Z.Y., Mapook, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Miller, A.N., Mortimer, P.E., Phillips, A.J.L., Raja, H.A., Scheuer, C., Schumm, F., Taylor, J.E., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Wang, Y., Xu, J.C., Yacharoen, S., Yan, J.Y. & Zhang, M. (2013) Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63: 1–313. http://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-013-0263-44
Hyde, K.D., Dong, Y., Phookamsak, R., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J., Jones, E.B.G., Liu, N.G., Abeywickrama, P.D., Mapook, A., Wei, D.P., Perera, R.H., Manawasinghe, I.S., Pem, D., Bundhun, D., Karunarathna, A., Ekanayaka, A.H., Bao, D.F., Li, J.F., Samarakoon, M.C., Chaiwan, N., Lin, C.G., Phutthacharoen, K., Zhang, S.N., Senanayake, I.C., Goonasekara, I.D., Thambugala, K.M., Phukhamsakda, C., Tennakoon, D.S., Jiang, H.B., Yang, J., Zeng, M., Huanraluek, N., Liu, J.K., Wijesinghe, S.N., Tian, Q., Tibpromma, S., Brahmanage, R.S., Boonmee, S., Huang, S.K., Thiyagaraja, V., Lu, Y.Z., Jayawardena, R.S., Dong, W., Yang, E.F., Singh, S.K., Singh, S.M., Rana, S., Lad, S.S., Anand, G., Devadatha, B., Niranjan, M., Sarma, V.V., Liimatainen, K., Aguirre-Hudson, B., Niskanen, T., Overall, A., Alvarenga, R.L.M., Gibertoni, T.B., Pfliegler, W.P., Horvaìth, E., Imre, A., Alves, A.L., Santos, A.C.S., Tiago, P.V., Bulgakov, T.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bahkali, A.H., Doilom, M., Elgorban, A.M., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Rajeshkumar, K.C., Haelewaters, D., Mortimer, P.E., Zhao, Q., Lumyong, S., Xu, J.C. & Sheng, J. (2020a) Fungal diversity notes 1151–1276: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa. Fungal Diversity 100: 5–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00439-5
Hyde, K.D., Jeewon, R., Chen, Y.J., Bhunjun, C.S., Calabon, M.S., Jiang, H.B., Lin, C.G., Norphanphoun, C., Sysouphanthong, P., Pem, D., Tibpromma, S., Zhang, Q., Doilom, M., Jayawardena, R.S., Liu, J.K., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Phukhamsakda, C., Phookamsak, R., Al-Sadi, A.M., Naritsada, Thongklang, N., Wang, Y., Gafforov, Y., Jones, E.B.G. & Lumyong, S. (2020b) The numbers of fungi: is the descriptive curve flattening? Fungal Diversity 103, 219–271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-020-00458-2
Hyde, K.D., Bao, D.F., Hongsanan, S., Chethana, K.T., Yang, J. & Suwannarach, N. (2021) Evolution of freshwater Diaporthomycetidae (Sordariomycetes) provides evidence for five new orders and six new families. Fungal Diversity 107: 71–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00469-7
Jayasiri, S.C., Hyde, K.D., Ariyawansa, H.A., Bhat, D.J., Buyck, B., Cai, L., Dai, Y.C., Abd–Elsalam, K.A., Ertz, D., Hidayat, I., Jeewon, R., Jones, E.B.G., Bahkali, A.H., Karunarathna, S.C., Liu, J.K., Luangsa–ard, J.J., Lumbsch, H.T., Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., McKenzie, E.H.C., Moncalvo, J.M., Ghobad–Nejhad, M., Nilsson, H., Pang, K.L., Pereira, O.L., Phillips, A.J.L., Raspé, O., Rollins, A.W., Romero, A.I., Etayo, J., Selçuk, F., Stephenson, S.L., Suetrong, S., Taylor, J.E., Tsui, C.K.M., Vizzini, A., Abdel–Wahab, M.A., Wen, T.C., Boonmee, S., Dai, D.Q., Daranagama, D.A., Dissanayake, A.J., Ekanayaka, A.H., Fryar, S.C., Hongsanan, S., Jayawardena, R.S., Li, W.J., Perera, R.H., Phookamsak, R., de Silva, N.I., Thambugala, K.M., Tian, Q., Wijayawardene, N.N., Zhao, R.L., Zhao, Q., Kang, J.C. & Promputtha, I. (2015) The Faces of Fungi database: fungal names linked with morphology, phylogeny and human impacts. Fungal Diversity 74: 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-015-0351-8
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2016) A simple method to control over–alignment in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Bioinformatics 32: 1933–1942. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/ ?-tubulinu 108.
Li, W.L., Bao, D.F., Bhat, D.J. & Su, H.Y. (2020) Tetraploa aquatica (Tetraplosphaeriaceae), a new freshwater fungal species from Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 459: 181–189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.459.2.8
Li, W.L., Bao, D.F., Liu, N.G., Hyde, K.D. & Liu, J.K. (2021) Aquatisphaeria thailandica gen. et sp. nov. (Tetraplosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales) from a freshwater habitat in Thailand. Phytotaxa 513: 118–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.544.2.0
Maharachchikumbura, S.S.N., Chen, Y., Ariyawansa, H.A., Hyde, K.D., Haelewaters, D., Perera, R.H., Samarakoon, M.C., Wanasinghe, D.N., Bustamante, D.E., Liu, J.K., Lawrence, D.P., Cheewangkoon, R. & Stadler, M. (2021) Integrative approaches for species delimitation in Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 109: 155–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00486-6
Markham, W.D., Key, R.D., Padhye, A.A. & Ajello, L. (1990) Phaeohyphomycotic cyst caused by Tetraploa aristata. Medical Mycology 28: 147–150. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681219080000191
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the gateway computing environments workshop (GCE). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New Orleans. 8 pp. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree v1. 4.0. A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 28 May 2022).
Rannala, B. & Yang, Z. (1996) Probability distribution of molecular evolutionary trees: a new method of phylogenetic inference. Journal of Molecular Evolution 43: 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02338839
Senanayake, I.C., Rathnayaka, A.R., Marasinghe, D.S., Calabon, M.S., Gentekaki, E., Lee, H.B., Hurdeal, V.G., Pem, D., Dissanayake, L.S., Wijesinghe, S.N., Bundhun, D., Nguyen, T.T., Goonasekara, I.D., Abeywickrama, P.D., Bhunjun, C.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Wanasinghe, D.N., Jeewon, R., Bhat, D.J. & Xiang, M.M. (2020) Morphological approaches in studying fungi: collection, examination, isolation, sporulation and preservation. Mycosphere 11: 2678–2754. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAXML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post–analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/?-tubulinu033
Stamatakis, A., Hoover, P. & Rougemont, J. (2006) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony, Version 4.0 b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3348772 (accessed 4 October 2021).
Tanaka, K., Hirayama, K., Yonezawa, H., Hatakeyama, S., Harada, Y., Sano, T., Shirouzu, T. & Hosoya, T. (2009) Molecular taxonomy of bambusicolous fungi: Tetraplosphaeriaceae, a new pleosporalean family with tetraploa-like anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 64: 175–209. https://doi.org/10.3114/sim.2009.64.10
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/ 10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic press, London, pp. 482. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zhaxybayeva, O. & Gogarten, J.P. (2002) Bootstrap, Bayesian probability and maximum likelihood mapping: exploring new tools for comparative genome analyses. BMC genomics 3: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-3-4