Abstract
Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. is a new freshwater diatom described from central Portugal, found in samples from a mountain stream. The species is described here based on light and scanning electron microscopy. This taxon is compared with other Gomphosphenia taxa such as G. fontinalis, G. lingulatiformis and G. tackei. Gomphosphenia minima sp. nov. is characterized by clavate to linear-lanceolate valves with rounded apices and a wide axial area not clearly separated from the central area. This taxon can be confused with G. fontinalis in terms of length and the shape of the central and axial area but they can be easily differentiated because the new species is narrower and the stria density is lower. The new species was found in low abundance in February 2012 and the stream had low electric conductivity levels, neutral pH values, low water temperature and low nutrient content.
References
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Coste, M. & Ricard, M. (1982) Contribution a l’étude des diatomées d’eau douce des Seychelles et de l’Ile Maurice. Cryptogamie, Algologie 3: 279–313.
Delgado, C., Almeida, S.F.P., Elias, C.L., Ferreira, V. & Canhoto, C. (2017) Response of biofilm growth to experimental warming in a temperate stream. Ecohydrology 10 (6): e1868. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.1868
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1832) Über die Entwickelung und Lebensdauer der Infusionsthiere; Nebst ferneren Beiträgen zu einer Vergleichung ihrer organischen Systeme. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1831: 1–154.
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Genkal, S.I. & Yarushina, M.I. (2016) Gomphosphenia stoermeri Kociolek et Thomas (Bacillariophyta) is a new species for the flora of Russia. Algologia 26: 459–464. https://doi.org/10.15407/alg26.04.459
González-Paz, L., Almeida, S.F.P., Blanco, S. & Delgado, C. (2020) Gomphonema alavariense sp. nov. (Cymbellales, Gomphonemataceae) from an urban pond. Phytotaxa 471: 16–28. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.471.1.2
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2021) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from:http://www.algaebase.org (accessed 14 February 2022)
Haeckel, E. (1878) Das Protistenreich. Eine populäre Übersicht über das Formengebiet der niederten Lebewesen. Mit einem wissenschaftlichen Anhang: System der Protisten. Ernst Gümther. Leipzig. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.58542
Hofmann, G., Werum, M. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (2011) Diatomeen im Sü?wasser – Benthos von Mitteleuropa. In: Lange-Bertalot, H (Ed.) Bestimmungsflora Kieselalgen für die ökologische Praxis. Über 700 der häugfisten Arten und ihre Ökologie. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag K.G., Ruggell, 908 pp.
Hustedt, F. (1938) Systematische und ökologische Untersuchungen über die Diatomeen-Flora von Java, Bali und Sumatra nach dem Material der Deutschen Limnologischen Sunda-Expedition. ’Tropische Binnengewässer, Band VII. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement 15: 393–506.
Karsten, G. (1928) Abteilung Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae). In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Peridineae (Dinoflagellatae), Diatomeae (Bacillariophyta), Myxomycetes. Zweite Auflage, 2. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 105–303.
Kelly, M., Bennett, C., Coste, M., Delgado, C., Delmas, F., Denys, L., Ector, L., Fauville, C., Ferréol, M., Golub, M., Jarlman, A., Kahlert, M., Lucey, J., Ní Chatháin, B., Pardo, I., Pfister, P., Picinska-Faltynowicz, J., Rosebery, J., Schranz, C., Schaumburg, J., Van Dam, H. & Vilbaste, S. (2009) A comparison of national approaches to setting ecological status boundaries in phytobenthos assessment for the European Water Framework Directive: results of an intercalibration exercise. Hydrobiologia 621: 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9641-4
Kelly, M.G., Cazaubon, A., Coring, E., Dell’Uomo, A., Ector, L., Goldsmith, B., Guasch, H., Hürlimann, J., Jarlman, A., Kawecka, B., Kwandrans, J., Laugaste, R., Lindstrøm, E.-A., Leitao, M., Marvan, P., Padisák, J., Pipp, E., Prygiel, J., Rott, E., Sabater, S., van Dam, H. & Vizinet, J. (1998) Recommendations for the routine sampling of diatoms for water quality assessments in Europe. Journal of Applied Phycology 10: 215–224. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008033201227
Kociolek, J.P., Laslandes, B., Bennett, D., Thomas, E., Brady, M. & Graeff, C. (2014) Diatoms of the United States 1. Taxonomy, ultrastructure and descriptions of new species and other rarely reported taxa from lake sediments in the western U.S.A. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 61: 1–188.
Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1986) Bacillariophyceae. 1. Teil: Naviculaceae. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 876 pp.
Krammer, K. & Lange-Bertalot, H. (1991) Bacillariophyceae. 4. Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Ergänzungen zu Navicula (Lineolatae) und Gomphonema, Gesamtliteraturverzeichnis Teil 1–4. In: Ettl, H., Gärtner, G., Gerloff, J., Heynig, H. & Mollenhauer, D. (Eds.) Süsswasserflora von Mitteleuropa, Band 2/4. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 437.
Kusber, W.H. & Jahn, R. (2003) Annotated list of diatom names by Horst Lange-Bertalot and co-workers. Version 3.0. [http://www.algaterra.org/Names_Version3_0.pdf]
Lange-Bertalot, H. (1995) Gomphosphenia paradoxa nov. spec. et nov. gen. und vorschlag zur lösung taxonomischer probleme infolge eines veränderten gattungskonzepts von Gomphonema (Bacillariophyceae). Nova Hedwigia 60: 241–252.
Lange-Bertalot, H. (1999) Neue Kombinationen von Taxa aus Achnanthes Bory (sensu lato). Iconographia Diatomologica 6: 276–289.
Lengyel, E., Szabó, B. & Stenger-Kovács, C. (2020) Realized ecological niche-based occupancy–abundance patterns of benthic diatom traits. Hydrobiologia 847: 3115–3127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04324-9
Levkov, Z. & Williams, D.M. (2011) Fifteen new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from Lake Ohrid, Macedonia. Phytotaxa 30 (1): 1–41. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.1
Moser, G., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Metzeltin, D. (1998) Insel der Endemiten. Geobotanisches Phänomen Neukaledonien. Island of endemics New Caledonia - a geobotanical phenomenon. Bibliotheca Diatomologica 38: 1–464.
Noga, T., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., Kochman, N., Peszek, ?., Paj?czek, A. & Wo?niak, K. (2013) Application of diatoms to assess the quality of the waters of the Baryczka stream, left-side tributary of the River San. Journal of Ecological Engineering 14 (3): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.5604/2081139X.1055818
Noga, T., Stanek-Tarkowska, J., Kochman-K?dziora, N., Paj?czek, A. & Peszek, ?. (2016) The inside of a dam as an unusual habitat for two rare species of Gomphosphenia – G. fontinalis and G. holmquistii. Diatom Research 31: 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2016.1247019
Novais, M.H., Blanco, S., Hlúbiková, D., Falasco, E., Gomà, J., Delgado, C., Ivanov, P., Ács, É., Morais, M., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2009) Morphological examination and biogeography of the Gomphonema rosenstockianum and G. tergestinum species complex (Bacillariophyceae). Fottea 9 (2): 257–274. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2009.026
Ohtsuka, T., Kitano, D. & Nakai, D. (2018) Gomphosphenia biwaensis, a new diatom from Lake Biwa, Japan: description and morphometric comparison with similar species using an arc-constitutive model. Diatom Research 33 (1): 105–116. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2018.1433237
Oliveira, S.A. & Bicudo, C.E. (2018) Influence of environmental variables on the diatom communities of oligotrophic reservoirs for public water supply (Guarulhos, Southeast Brazil). Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 30. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-975x9417
Panahy-Mirzahasanlou, J., Nejadsattari, T., Ramezanpour, Z., Imanpour-Namin, J. & Asri, Y. (2018) The epilithic and epipelic diatom flora of the Balikhli River, Northwest Iran. Turkish Journal of Botany 42: 518–532.
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