Abstract
A new species, Allium tsinlingense, from southern Shaanxi Province, China, is described and illustrated here. This species is similar to A. maowenense in Allium sect. Daghestanica, but it can be distinguished by its leaves solid, its spathe persistent after flowering, its flowers changing color from green, greenish to white in different stage, but never purplish, with the midvein of tepal greenish and never pale red, and its pedicels with bracteoles at base. Molecular phylogenetic analyses also suggested that this new species is a member of Allium sect. Daghestanica and a sister taxon to A. maowenense.
References
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<p>Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2006) Phylogeny and intrageneric classification of <em>Allium</em> (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. <em>Aliso</em> 22: 372–395. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20062201.31</p>
<p>Fritsch, R.M. & Friesen, N. (2002) Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. <em>In</em>: Rabinowitch, H.D. & Currah, L. (Eds.) <em>Allium crop science: recent advances.</em> CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 5–30. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995106.0005</p>
<p>Fu, L.F., Liao, R., Lan, D.Q., Wen, F. & Liu, H. (2020) A new species of <em>Chrysosplenium </em>(Saxifragaceae) from Shaanxi, northwestern China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 159 (9): 127–135. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.56109</p>
<p>Guo, M., Zhai, J.W., Wu, X.Y., Li, S.X., Wang, M., Li, Z.J. & Chen, L.J. (2017) <em>Calanthe taibaishanensis</em>, A New Orchid Species from China: Evidence from Morphological and Molecular Analyses. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327 (2): 184–190. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.7</p>
<p>Herden, T., Hanelt, P. & Friesen, N. (2016) Phylogeny of <em>Allium</em> L. subgenus <em>Anguinum</em> (G.Don. ex W.D.J.Koch) N.Friesen (Amaryllidaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 95: 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.004</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Lei, X.J., Li, Y.L., Li, Q., Wang, J. & Chen, W.D. (2016) The characteristics and causes of the snow cover variation in the Taibai Mountains during 1962-2014. <em>Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology</em> 38 (5): 1201–1210. https://doi.org/10.7522 /j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0140</p>
<p>Li, M.J., Yu, H.X., Guo, X.L. & He, X.J. (2021) Out of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and rapid radiation across Eurasia for <em>Allium </em>section <em>Daghestanica</em> (Amaryllidaceae). <em>AoB PLANTS </em>13 (3): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab017</p>
<p>Li, Q.Q., Zhou, S.D., He, X.J., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y.C. & Wei, X.Q. (2010) Phylogeny and biogeography of <em>Allium</em> (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 106: 709–733. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq177</p>
<p>Li, S.F. & Li, B. (2013) <em>Flora Tsinlingensis (Supplementum). Sermatophyte</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 419 pp.</p>
<p>Li, S.F., Wang, Y.C. & Li, B. (2014) Characteristics of the Seed Plants Flora in Qinling Mountains and Its Relationship with Floras in Other Mountains. <em>Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalla Sinica</em> 34 (11): 2346–2353. https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.11.2346</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Nguyen, N.H., Driscoll, H.E. & Specht, C.D. (2008) A molecular phylogeny of the wild onions (<em>Allium</em>; Alliaceae) with a focus on the western north American center of diversity. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 47 (3): 1157–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.006</p>
<p>Redouté, P.J. (1804) <em>Les Liliacées</em>, vol. 2. Chez l’auteur, Imprimerie De Didot Jeune, Paris.</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1875) Alliorum adhuc cognitorum monographia. <em>Acta Horti Petropolitani</em> 3: 1–266.</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1887) Allii species Asiae Centralis in Asia Media a Turcomania desertisque Araliensibus et Caspicis usque ad Mongolian crescentes. <em>Acta Horti Petropolitani </em>10: 278–362.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics </em>19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Shaw, J., Lickey, E.B., Schilling, E.E. & Small, R.L. (2007) Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: The tortoise and the hare III. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 94 (3): 275–288. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.3.275</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies.<em> Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) <em>PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods) </em>Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x</p>
<p>Taberlet, P., Gielly, L., Pautou, G. & Bouvet, J. (1991) Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. <em>Plant Molecular Biology</em> 17: 1105–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00037152</p>
<p>Tscholokaschvili, N. (1965) De Sectione Rhiziridium don Generis <em>Allium</em> L. Series Nova <em>Daghestanica</em> Tscholokaschvili. <em>Notulae Systematicae ac Geographicae Instituti Botanici Thbilissiensis</em> 25: 83–102.</p>
<p>Xie, D.F., Tan, J.B., Yu, Y., Gui, L.J., Su, D.M., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2020a) Insights into phylogeny, age and evolution of <em>Allium</em> (Amaryllidaceae) based on the whole plastome sequences. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 125 (7): 1039–1055. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa024</p>
<p>Xie, D.F., Xie, F.M., Jia, S.B., Li, H., Yang, X., Zhang, X.Y., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2020b) <em>Allium xinlongense</em> (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae), a new species from western Sichuan. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 432 (3): 274–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.3.4</p>
<p>Xie, D.F., Yu, H.X., Price, M., Xie, C., Deng, Y.Q., Chen, J.P., Yu, Y., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2019) Phylogeny of Chinense <em>Allium</em> Species in Section <em>Daghestanica</em> and Adaptive Evolution of<em> Allium</em> (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) Species Revealed by the Chloroplast Complete Genome. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em> 10: 460. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00460</p>
<p>Xu, J.M. (1987) <em>Allium</em> L. <em>In</em>: Wang, F.-T. & Tang, T. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 170–272.</p>
<p>Xu, J.M., Xue, P.F, Zhu, S.M. & Jing, W.C. (1994) A new species of <em>Allium</em> L. from Sichuan and its karyotype. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 32 (4): 356–358.</p>
<p>Yu, H.X., Guo, X.L., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2018) Pollen and Seed Micro-morphology Comparison and Taxonomic Significance of the Chinese <em>Allium</em> Sect. <em>Daghestanica</em>. <em>Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalla Sinica</em> 38 (1): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2018.01.0061</p>
<p>Block, E. (2010) <em>Garlic and other Alliums. The lore and the science</em>. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 454 pp.</p>
<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 32 (5): 1792–1797. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340</p>
<p>Friesen, N., Abbasi, M., Murtazaliev, R. & Fritsch, R.M. (2020)<em> Allium matinae</em>–a new species from northwestern Iran. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 433 (3): 181–189. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.433.3.1</p>
<p>Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2006) Phylogeny and intrageneric classification of <em>Allium</em> (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. <em>Aliso</em> 22: 372–395. https://doi.org/10.5642/aliso.20062201.31</p>
<p>Fritsch, R.M. & Friesen, N. (2002) Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. <em>In</em>: Rabinowitch, H.D. & Currah, L. (Eds.) <em>Allium crop science: recent advances.</em> CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 5–30. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995106.0005</p>
<p>Fu, L.F., Liao, R., Lan, D.Q., Wen, F. & Liu, H. (2020) A new species of <em>Chrysosplenium </em>(Saxifragaceae) from Shaanxi, northwestern China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 159 (9): 127–135. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.159.56109</p>
<p>Guo, M., Zhai, J.W., Wu, X.Y., Li, S.X., Wang, M., Li, Z.J. & Chen, L.J. (2017) <em>Calanthe taibaishanensis</em>, A New Orchid Species from China: Evidence from Morphological and Molecular Analyses. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327 (2): 184–190. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.2.7</p>
<p>Herden, T., Hanelt, P. & Friesen, N. (2016) Phylogeny of <em>Allium</em> L. subgenus <em>Anguinum</em> (G.Don. ex W.D.J.Koch) N.Friesen (Amaryllidaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 95: 79–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.11.004</p>
<p>Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 28: 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199</p>
<p>Lei, X.J., Li, Y.L., Li, Q., Wang, J. & Chen, W.D. (2016) The characteristics and causes of the snow cover variation in the Taibai Mountains during 1962-2014. <em>Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology</em> 38 (5): 1201–1210. https://doi.org/10.7522 /j.issn.1000-0240.2016.0140</p>
<p>Li, M.J., Yu, H.X., Guo, X.L. & He, X.J. (2021) Out of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau and rapid radiation across Eurasia for <em>Allium </em>section <em>Daghestanica</em> (Amaryllidaceae). <em>AoB PLANTS </em>13 (3): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plab017</p>
<p>Li, Q.Q., Zhou, S.D., He, X.J., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y.C. & Wei, X.Q. (2010) Phylogeny and biogeography of <em>Allium</em> (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 106: 709–733. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcq177</p>
<p>Li, S.F. & Li, B. (2013) <em>Flora Tsinlingensis (Supplementum). Sermatophyte</em>. Science Press, Beijing, 419 pp.</p>
<p>Li, S.F., Wang, Y.C. & Li, B. (2014) Characteristics of the Seed Plants Flora in Qinling Mountains and Its Relationship with Floras in Other Mountains. <em>Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalla Sinica</em> 34 (11): 2346–2353. https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2014.11.2346</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Nguyen, N.H., Driscoll, H.E. & Specht, C.D. (2008) A molecular phylogeny of the wild onions (<em>Allium</em>; Alliaceae) with a focus on the western north American center of diversity. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 47 (3): 1157–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.006</p>
<p>Redouté, P.J. (1804) <em>Les Liliacées</em>, vol. 2. Chez l’auteur, Imprimerie De Didot Jeune, Paris.</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1875) Alliorum adhuc cognitorum monographia. <em>Acta Horti Petropolitani</em> 3: 1–266.</p>
<p>Regel, E. (1887) Allii species Asiae Centralis in Asia Media a Turcomania desertisque Araliensibus et Caspicis usque ad Mongolian crescentes. <em>Acta Horti Petropolitani </em>10: 278–362.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics </em>19 (12): 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Shaw, J., Lickey, E.B., Schilling, E.E. & Small, R.L. (2007) Comparison of whole chloroplast genome sequences to choose noncoding regions for phylogenetic studies in angiosperms: The tortoise and the hare III. <em>American Journal of Botany</em> 94 (3): 275–288. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.3.275</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies.<em> Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) <em>PAUP*: phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods) </em>Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00191.x</p>
<p>Taberlet, P., Gielly, L., Pautou, G. & Bouvet, J. (1991) Universal primers for amplification of three non-coding regions of chloroplast DNA. <em>Plant Molecular Biology</em> 17: 1105–1109. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00037152</p>
<p>Tscholokaschvili, N. (1965) De Sectione Rhiziridium don Generis <em>Allium</em> L. Series Nova <em>Daghestanica</em> Tscholokaschvili. <em>Notulae Systematicae ac Geographicae Instituti Botanici Thbilissiensis</em> 25: 83–102.</p>
<p>Xie, D.F., Tan, J.B., Yu, Y., Gui, L.J., Su, D.M., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2020a) Insights into phylogeny, age and evolution of <em>Allium</em> (Amaryllidaceae) based on the whole plastome sequences. <em>Annals of Botany</em> 125 (7): 1039–1055. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa024</p>
<p>Xie, D.F., Xie, F.M., Jia, S.B., Li, H., Yang, X., Zhang, X.Y., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2020b) <em>Allium xinlongense</em> (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae), a new species from western Sichuan. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 432 (3): 274–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.432.3.4</p>
<p>Xie, D.F., Yu, H.X., Price, M., Xie, C., Deng, Y.Q., Chen, J.P., Yu, Y., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2019) Phylogeny of Chinense <em>Allium</em> Species in Section <em>Daghestanica</em> and Adaptive Evolution of<em> Allium</em> (Amaryllidaceae, Allioideae) Species Revealed by the Chloroplast Complete Genome. <em>Frontiers in Plant Science</em> 10: 460. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00460</p>
<p>Xu, J.M. (1987) <em>Allium</em> L. <em>In</em>: Wang, F.-T. & Tang, T. (Eds.) <em>Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae</em>, vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 170–272.</p>
<p>Xu, J.M., Xue, P.F, Zhu, S.M. & Jing, W.C. (1994) A new species of <em>Allium</em> L. from Sichuan and its karyotype. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 32 (4): 356–358.</p>
<p>Yu, H.X., Guo, X.L., Zhou, S.D. & He, X.J. (2018) Pollen and Seed Micro-morphology Comparison and Taxonomic Significance of the Chinese <em>Allium</em> Sect. <em>Daghestanica</em>. <em>Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalla Sinica</em> 38 (1): 61–67. https://doi.org/10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2018.01.0061</p>