Abstract
Scytinopogon cryptomerioides (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota) is described as a new species collected from Cryptomeria japonica plantations in Taiwan. This new species is characterized by a white basidiome with dichotomous and flattened branches, clamped hypha, ampullate septa, clavate basidia with four sterigmata, and colorless, ellipsoid, echinulate or verrucose spores with acute warts or spines. Based on the phylogeny constructed from a combined dataset of ITS-nrLSU sequences, S. cryptomerioides nested within the Trechispora clade, sister to Trechispora copiosa.
References
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<p>Donk, M.A. (1964) A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophoralles. <em>Persoonia</em> 3: 199–324.</p>
<p>Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. <em>Focus</em> 12: 13–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419362</p>
<p>Dutta, A.K., Pradhan, P., Roy, A. & Acharya, K. (2012) Agaricales of west Bengal, India. I. Clavariaceae: <em>Clavaria</em> and <em>Scytinopogon</em>. <em>Indian Journal of Applied and Pure Biology</em> 27: 53–58.</p>
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<p>Jülich, W. (1982) Higher taxa of the Basidiomycetes. Julia Cramer, Leiden.</p>
<p>Krause, C., Garnica, S., Bauer, R. & Nebel, M. (2011) Aneuraceae (Metzgeriales) and tulasnelloid fungi (Basidiomycota) – a model for early steps in fungal symbiosis. <em>Fungal Biology </em>115: 839–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.013</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H. (1992) <em>The genus Trechispora (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycetes). </em>Dissertation, University of Göteborg.</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H., Larsson, E. & Kõljalg, U. (2004) High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid Homobasidiomycetes. <em>Mycological Research</em> 108: 983–1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000851</p>
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<p>Maas Geesteranus, R.A. (1963) Hyphal structure of Hydnums. <em>Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen / C</em> 67: 144–156.</p>
<p>Medel, R. & Mata, G. (2011) <em>Los hongos de Panamá. </em>Introducción a la identificación de los macroscópicos. Felisa Herrador, Xalapa. [in Spanish]</p>
<p>Moncalvo, J.M., Lutzoni, F., Rehner, S., Johnson, J. & Vilgalys, R. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 49: 278–305. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/49.2.278</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Petersen, R.H. (1988) Notes on clavarioid fungi. XXII. Three interesting south American collections. <em>Mycologia</em> 80: 571–576. https://doi.org/10.2307/3807861</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1945) New genera of fungi – II. <em>Lloydia</em> 8: 138–144.</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods), Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.</p>
<p>Telleria, M.T., Melo, I., Dueñas, M., Larsson, K.H. & Paz Martín, M.P. (2013) Molecular analyses confirm <em>Brevicellicium</em> in Trechisporales. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 4: 21–28. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.03</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cyptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wang, P.H. & Chang, C.W. (2003) Detection of the low-germination-rate resting oospores of <em>Pythium myriotylum</em> from soil by PCR. <em>Letters in Applied Microbiology</em> 36: 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01287.x</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA gene for phylogenetics. <em>In:</em> Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhang, P. & Yang, Z.L. (2003) <em>Scytinopogon</em>, a genus of clavarioid basidiomycetes new to China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 22: 663–665.</p>
<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1950) <em>A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera.</em> Oxford University Press, London.</p>
<p>de Meiras-Ottoni, A., Larsson, K.H. & Gibertoni, T.B. (2021) Additions to <em>Trechispora</em> and the status of <em>Scytinopogon</em> (Trechisporales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycological Progress</em> 20: 203–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01667-y</p>
<p>Desjardin, D.E. & Perry, B.A. (2015) A new species of <em>Scytinopogon</em> from the island of Príncipe, Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, West Africa. <em>Mycosphere</em> 6: 434–441. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/6/4/5</p>
<p>Donk, M.A. (1964) A conspectus of the families of Aphyllophoralles. <em>Persoonia</em> 3: 199–324.</p>
<p>Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1990) Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. <em>Focus</em> 12: 13–15. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419362</p>
<p>Dutta, A.K., Pradhan, P., Roy, A. & Acharya, K. (2012) Agaricales of west Bengal, India. I. Clavariaceae: <em>Clavaria</em> and <em>Scytinopogon</em>. <em>Indian Journal of Applied and Pure Biology</em> 27: 53–58.</p>
<p>Furtado, A.N.M., Daniëls, P.P., Reck, M.A. & Neves, M.A. (2021) <em>Scytinopogon caulocystidiatus</em> and <em>S. foetidus</em> spp. nov., and five other species recorded from Brazil. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 136: 107–130. https://doi.org/10.5248/136.107</p>
<p>Garcia-Sandoval, R., Cifuentes, J., De Luna, E., Estrada-Torres, A. & Villegas, M. (2005) A phylogeny of <em>Ramariopsis</em> and allied taxa. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 94: 265–292.</p>
<p>Garcia-Sandoval, R., Cifuentes, J. & Villegas, M. (2004) First record of <em>Scytinopogon</em> from Mexico with notes on its systematics. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 89: 185–192.</p>
<p>Hsieh, T.H. (2010) <em>Effect of thinning management on understory layer of Cryptomeria japonica plantations.</em> Symposium on influences of plantation thinning on biodiversity and ecosystem function. November 2011, Taichung. pp. 49–56.</p>
<p>Jülich, W. (1982) Higher taxa of the Basidiomycetes. Julia Cramer, Leiden.</p>
<p>Krause, C., Garnica, S., Bauer, R. & Nebel, M. (2011) Aneuraceae (Metzgeriales) and tulasnelloid fungi (Basidiomycota) – a model for early steps in fungal symbiosis. <em>Fungal Biology </em>115: 839–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2011.06.013</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H. (1992) <em>The genus Trechispora (Corticiaceae, Basidiomycetes). </em>Dissertation, University of Göteborg.</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H., Larsson, E. & Kõljalg, U. (2004) High phylogenetic diversity among corticioid Homobasidiomycetes. <em>Mycological Research</em> 108: 983–1002. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204000851</p>
<p>Larsson, K.H., Læssøe, T., Yorou, N.S. & Ryvarden, L. (2011) <em>The phylogenetic position of Hydnodon and Scytinopogon. </em>Mycological Society of American meeting, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2–5 Aug 2011. [abstract]</p>
<p>Lin, W.R., Wang, P.H., Chen, M.C., Kuo, Y.L., Chiang, P.N. & Wang, M.K. (2015) The impacts of thinning on the fruiting of saprophytic fungi in <em>Cryptomeria japonica</em> plantations in central Taiwan. <em>Forest Ecology and Management</em> 336: 183–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.10.022</p>
<p>Liu, S.L., Ma, H.X., He, S.H. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Four new species in Trechisporales (Basidiomycota) from East Asia and notes on phylogeny of the order.<em> MycoKeys </em>48: 97–113. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.48.31956</p>
<p>Maas Geesteranus, R.A. (1963) Hyphal structure of Hydnums. <em>Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen / C</em> 67: 144–156.</p>
<p>Medel, R. & Mata, G. (2011) <em>Los hongos de Panamá. </em>Introducción a la identificación de los macroscópicos. Felisa Herrador, Xalapa. [in Spanish]</p>
<p>Moncalvo, J.M., Lutzoni, F., Rehner, S., Johnson, J. & Vilgalys, R. (2000) Phylogenetic relationships of agaric fungi based on nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 49: 278–305. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/49.2.278</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Petersen, R.H. (1988) Notes on clavarioid fungi. XXII. Three interesting south American collections. <em>Mycologia</em> 80: 571–576. https://doi.org/10.2307/3807861</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1945) New genera of fungi – II. <em>Lloydia</em> 8: 138–144.</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (* and Other Methods), Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.</p>
<p>Telleria, M.T., Melo, I., Dueñas, M., Larsson, K.H. & Paz Martín, M.P. (2013) Molecular analyses confirm <em>Brevicellicium</em> in Trechisporales. <em>IMA Fungus</em> 4: 21–28. https://doi.org/10.5598/imafungus.2013.04.01.03</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cyptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>Wang, P.H. & Chang, C.W. (2003) Detection of the low-germination-rate resting oospores of <em>Pythium myriotylum</em> from soil by PCR. <em>Letters in Applied Microbiology</em> 36: 157–162. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.2003.01287.x</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA gene for phylogenetics. <em>In:</em> Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols: A guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhang, P. & Yang, Z.L. (2003) <em>Scytinopogon</em>, a genus of clavarioid basidiomycetes new to China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 22: 663–665.</p>