Abstract
Lepiota sindhudeltana sp. nov. was found on sandy soil under Saccharum bengalense during fungal surveys to the deltas of the Indus River and the banks of the River Ravi, Punjab, Pakistan. The new species belongs to section Ovisporae, subsection Felininae and is characterized by dull orange appressed squamules on the pileus, thin pileal context, pale yellow lamellae, a stipe rounded to slightly oblong at base, basidiospores broadly ellipsoid to oblong, neither dextrinoid nor amyloid, short, clavate erect pileal hyphae, and narrowly clavate terminal hyphae of the stipitipellis. The closest described species to the new taxon in the phylogenetic tree, based on analysis of ITS and LSU sequences, is L. angusticystidiata. We present the new species with illustrated morphological description, phylogeny, and comparison with related or similar species.
References
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Bashir, H., Usman, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Lepiota cholistanensis a new species of Lepiota (Agaricaceae: Basidiomycota) from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 455 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.4.4
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Bruns, T.D. (1995) Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 170: 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02183055
Candusso, M. & Lanzoni, G. (1990) Lepiota s.l. Fungi europaei 4. Giovanna Biella, Saronno, 743 pp.
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes-Application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Ijaz, M., Ahmad, H.R., Bibi, S., Ayub, M.A. & Khalid, S. (2020) Soil salinity detection and monitoring using Landsat data: a case study from Kot Addu, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13 (13): 1?9.
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Kühner, R. (1936) Recherches sur le genre Lepiota. Société mycologique de France 52: 75–238.
Liang, J.F., Yu, F., Lu, J.K., Wang, S.K. & Song, J. (2018) Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species in Lepiota from China. Mycologia 110: 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1464333
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Razaq, A., Khalid, A.N. & Vellinga, E.C. (2012a) Lepiota himalayensis (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 121: 319–325. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.319
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Razaq, A., Vellinga, E.C., Ilyas, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2013) Lepiota brunneoincarnata and L. subincarnata, distribution and phylogeny. Mycotaxon 126: 133–141.
Razaq, A., Ilyas, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Molecular systematics and evolutionary relationships of some inland gilled basidiomycetes from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan based on rDNA markers. Pakistan Journal of Botany 52: 1055–1063.
Schoch, C.L., Robbertse, B., Robert, V., Vu, D., Cardinali, G., Irinyi, L. & Federhen, S. (2014) Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi. Database 2014: 1–21.
Stallman, J.K., Hemmes, D.E., Hynson, N.A. & Shintaku, M.H. (2020) Lepiota punaensis sp. nov. from Hawai ‘i Island, and a discussion of L. elaiophylla. Mycotaxon 135: 471–489.
Stewart, R.R. (1972) An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir. In: Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan. Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi.
Usman, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Termitomyces acriumbonatus sp. nov. (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 477: 217–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.6
Vellinga, E.C. (2001a) Studies in Lepiota III. Some species from California. Mycotaxon 80: 285–295. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-180.
Vellinga, E.C. (2001b) Agaricaceae. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 5. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers, 220 pp.
Vellinga, E.C., de Kok, R.P. & Bruns, T.D. (2003) Phylogeny and taxonomy of Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae). Mycologia 95: 442–456.
Vellinga, E.C. (2003) Phylogeny of Lepiota (Agaricaceae) evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycological Progress 2: 305–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-006-0068-x
Vellinga, E.C. (2004) Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycological Research 108: 354–377. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204009700
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 482 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Bashir, H., Usman, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Lepiota cholistanensis a new species of Lepiota (Agaricaceae: Basidiomycota) from Cholistan desert, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 455 (4): 267–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.455.4.4
Bon, M. (1993) Flore mycologique d’Europe 3. Les Lépiotes. Documents mycologiques. Mémoire hors série 3: 1–153.
Bruns, T.D. (1995) Thoughts on the processes that maintain local species diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 170: 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02183055
Candusso, M. & Lanzoni, G. (1990) Lepiota s.l. Fungi europaei 4. Giovanna Biella, Saronno, 743 pp.
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for Basidiomycetes-Application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Ijaz, M., Ahmad, H.R., Bibi, S., Ayub, M.A. & Khalid, S. (2020) Soil salinity detection and monitoring using Landsat data: a case study from Kot Addu, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 13 (13): 1?9.
Johnson, J. (1999) Phylogenetic relationships within Lepiota sensu lato based on morphological and molecular data. Mycologia 91: 443–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1999.12061038
Kirk, P.M., Cannon, P.F., Minter, D.W. & Stalpers, J.A. (Eds.) (2008) Ainsworth and Bisby’s Dictionary of the fungi, Wallingford. International Mycological Institute, 784 pp. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851998268.0000
Kühner, R. (1936) Recherches sur le genre Lepiota. Société mycologique de France 52: 75–238.
Liang, J.F., Yu, F., Lu, J.K., Wang, S.K. & Song, J. (2018) Morphological and molecular evidence for two new species in Lepiota from China. Mycologia 110: 494–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1464333
Munsell, A. (1994) Soil color charts. revised edition. Macbeth Division of Kollmorgen Instruments Corporation, New York.
Nawaz, R., Khalid, A.N., Hanif, M. & Razaq, A. (2013) Lepiota vellingana sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) a new species from Lahore, Pakistan. Mycological Progress 12: 727–732.
Niazi, A.R., Asif, M., Izhar, A. & Khalid, A.N. (2021) A new species of Lepiota (Agaricaceae) from Punjab, Pakistan. Phytotaxa 511: 163–174.
Qasim, T., Khalid, A.N., Vellinga, E.C. & Razaq, A. (2015) Lepiota albogranulosa sp. nov. (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) from Lahore, Pakistan. Mycological Progress 14: 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1037-z
Qasim, T., Khalid, A.N. & Vellinga, E.C. (2016) A new species of Lepiota, Lepiota lahorensis, from Lahore, Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 419–426. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1507-31
Rambaut, A. (2014) FigTree 1.4. 2 software. Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh. Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A. & Xie, D. Tracer v. 1.6. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 9 January 2018)
Razaq, A., Khalid, A.N. & Vellinga, E.C. (2012a) Lepiota himalayensis (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), a new species from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 121: 319–325. https://doi.org/10.5248/121.319
Razaq, A., Khalid, A.N. & Ilyas, S. (2012b) Tricholomopsis flammula Métrod ex Holec (Basidiomycota, Agaricales), an addition to the mushroom flora of Pakistan based on molecular identification. Pakistan Journal of Botany 44: 413–416.
Razaq, A., Vellinga, E.C., Ilyas, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2013) Lepiota brunneoincarnata and L. subincarnata, distribution and phylogeny. Mycotaxon 126: 133–141.
Razaq, A., Ilyas, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Molecular systematics and evolutionary relationships of some inland gilled basidiomycetes from the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan based on rDNA markers. Pakistan Journal of Botany 52: 1055–1063.
Schoch, C.L., Robbertse, B., Robert, V., Vu, D., Cardinali, G., Irinyi, L. & Federhen, S. (2014) Finding needles in haystacks: linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi. Database 2014: 1–21.
Stallman, J.K., Hemmes, D.E., Hynson, N.A. & Shintaku, M.H. (2020) Lepiota punaensis sp. nov. from Hawai ‘i Island, and a discussion of L. elaiophylla. Mycotaxon 135: 471–489.
Stewart, R.R. (1972) An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir. In: Nasir, E. & Ali, S.I. (Eds.) Flora of Pakistan. Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi.
Usman, M. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Termitomyces acriumbonatus sp. nov. (Lyophyllaceae, Agaricales) from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 477: 217–228. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.6
Vellinga, E.C. (2001a) Studies in Lepiota III. Some species from California. Mycotaxon 80: 285–295. https://doi.org/10.3852/09-180.
Vellinga, E.C. (2001b) Agaricaceae. In: Noordeloos, M.E., Kuyper, T.W. & Vellinga, E.C. (Eds.) Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 5. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema Publishers, 220 pp.
Vellinga, E.C., de Kok, R.P. & Bruns, T.D. (2003) Phylogeny and taxonomy of Macrolepiota (Agaricaceae). Mycologia 95: 442–456.
Vellinga, E.C. (2003) Phylogeny of Lepiota (Agaricaceae) evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycological Progress 2: 305–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-006-0068-x
Vellinga, E.C. (2004) Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences. Mycological Research 108: 354–377. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204009700
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, 482 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1