Abstract
Russula quercina sp. nov. (sect. Polychromidia, subsect. Integroidinae) from a Quercus mongolica forest in Northeast China is described. This new species is recognized by its coral pink and glabrous pileus, slightly yellowish context, yellow basidiospore print, and abundant cystidia in stipitipellis and pileipellis. The morphological characteristics are illustrated in detail and are compared with morphologically similar species, R. integriformis, and R. laeta. Russula quercina identification is supported by molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) in the ribosomal DNA.
References
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Avis, P.G., Mclaughlin, D.J., Dentinger, B.T.M. & Reich, D.P.B. (2003) Long-term increase in nitrogen supply alters above and below—ground ectomycorrhizal communities and increases the dominance of Russula spp. in a temperate oak savanna. New Phytologist 160: 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00865.x
Beenken, L. (2004) Les ectomycorhizes du genre Russula. Bulletin of Society mycology of France 120: 293–333.
Buyck, B., Zoller, S. & Hofstetter, V. (2018) Walking the thin line… ten years later: the dilemma of above-versus below-ground features to support phylogenie in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89: 267–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0397-5
Cao, B., Li, G.-J. & Zhao, R.-L. (2019) Species diversity and geographic components of Russula from the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains. Biodiversity Science 27: 854–866. https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2019040
Chen, B., Jie, S., Liang, J.-F. & Li, Y.-K. (2021) Two new species of Russula subsect. Virescentinae from Southern China. Mycological Progress 20: 993–1005. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-168367/v1
Chen, B., Liang, J., Jiang, X. & Song, J. (2022) Morphological characters and molecular phylogeny reveals three new species of subgenus Russula from China. Life 12: 480–500. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040480
Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/ 98/ nt. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008
Hampe, F. & Manz, C. (2021) Two new Russula species from Thailand and the new subsection Magicae. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 87: 17–30.
Harrington, T.J. & Mitchell, D.T. (2011) Characterization of Dryas octopetala ectomycorrhizas from limestone karst vegetation, Western Ireland. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 970–982. https://doi.org/10.1139/b02-082
Jiang, X., Li, Y.-K., Liang, J.-F. & Wu, J.-R. (2017) Two new Russula species in China. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition) 46: 103–108. https://doi.org/10.13323/j.cnki.j.fafu(nat.sci.).2017.01.016
Ji, R.-Q., Xing, P.-J., Xu, Y., Li, G.-L., Gao, T.-T., Zhou, J.-J., Xie, M.-L. & Li,Y. (2019) Analyses on the composition of symbiotic fungi and bacteria in the roots and rhizosphere soil of Quercus mongolica. Mycosystema 38: 1894–1906. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.190181.
Knudsen, H., Ruotsalainen, J. & Vauras, J. (2014) Funga Nordica: Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 511 pp.
Kolmakov, P. (2015) Checklist of fungi of the genus Russula from Belarusian-Valdai Lake District. Botanica Lithuanica 21: 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2015-0003
Lebel, T. & Tonkin, J.E. (2007) Australasian species of macowanites are sequestrate species of Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota). Australian Systematic Botany 20: 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB07007
Li, F., Li, G.-J., Zhang, J., Gao, H., Shi, R.-S. & Deng, C.-Y. (2021) Russula fanjing, a new species of Russula subsect. Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Guizhou province, China. Phytotaxa 480: 139–151. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3
Li, G.-J. (2014) Taxonomy of Russula from China. Dissertation, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20380.59522
Li, G.-J., Deng, C.-Y., Shi, L.-Y., Wang, J., Meng, Q.-F. & Li, S.-M. (2020) Three new species of Russula subsect. Lactarioideae from China. Mycosystema 39: 618–636. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.190414
Li, Y.-S., Ping, M.-K. & Chen, L.-Z. (2000) Preliminary discussion on the origin of Quercus mongolica forest in North China. Guihaia 20: 131–137.
Looney, B.P., Ryberg, M., Hampe, F., Sanchez, G.A. & Matheny, P.B. (2016) Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyperdiverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Molecular Ecology 25: 630–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13506
Looney, B.P., Meidl, P., Piatek, M.J., Miettinen, O., Martin, F.M., Matheny, P.B. & Jessy, L. (2018) Russulaceae: a new genomic dataset to study ecosystem function and evolutionary diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi with their tree associates. New Phytologist 218: 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15001
Miller, M.A., Pfeifer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Miller, M.A., Pfeifer, W. & Schwartz, T. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). IEEE Computer Society, New Orleans, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mrbayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Persoon, C.H. (1796) Observationes Mycologicae. Wolf, Leipzig. 116 pp.
Qian, G. & Yang, Z.-L. (2010) Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with two species of Kobresia in an alpine meadow in the Eastern Himalaya. Mycorrhiza 20: 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-009-0287-5
Ridgway, R. (1912) Color standards and color nomenclature. Robert Ridgway, Washington, 103 pp.
Romagnesi, H. (1967) Les Russules d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord. Bordas, Paris, 998 pp.
Romagnesi, H. (1987) Status et noms nouveaux pour les infragénériques dans le genre Russula. Documentation Mycologique 18: 39–40.
Samina, S., Tanzeela, A., Muhammad, H., Sobia, I., Malka, S., Sana, K. & Muhammad, F. (2020) Plectological and molecular identification of economically important wild Russulales mushrooms from Pakistan and their antifungal potential against food pathogenic fungus aspergillus niger. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27: 67?77.
Sarnari, M. (1998) Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Primo. Vol. 1. A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 799 pp.
Sarnari, M. (2005) Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Secondo. Vol. 2. A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 768 pp.
Singer, R. (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th edn. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 981 pp.
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0
Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewnlak, F., Jianmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The CLUSTAL-X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Wang, Q. (2013) Ectomycorrhizal community composition of Quercus mongolica of Liaoning. Journal of Forestry Sciences and Technol 3: 6–9+14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1714.2013.03.003
Wei, S.-Y., Mo, T.-Y., Liu, B., Huang, F.-C. & Yao, X.-H. (1998) Studies on Russula and its ecological environment in the Mount Liuwanshan Castanopsis hystrix woodland of Pubei County in Guangxi. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural University 17: 25–32.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Ed.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and amplifcations. Academic Press. New York, pp. 315–322.
Wisitrassameewong, K., Manz, C., Hampe, F., Looney, B.P., Boonpratuang, T., Verbeken, A., Thummarukcharoen, T., Apichitnaranon, T., Pobkwamsuk, M., Cabo?, M. & Adam?ík, S. (2022) Two new Russula species (fungi) from dry dipterocarp forest in Thailand suggest niche specialization to this habitat type. Scientific Reports 12: 28–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06836-x. .
Xing, P.-J., Xu, Y., Gao, T.-T., Li, G.-L. , Zhou, J.-J., Xie, M.-L. & Ji, R.-Q. (2020) The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi city, China. PeerJ 8: e8527. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8527
Ying, J.-Z. & Zang, M. (1994) Economic macrofungi from Southwestern China. Science Press, Beijing, 399 pp.
Zhang, Z.-H., Zheng, W.-P., Yin, K.-E., Li, J.-H. & Chen, X.-J. (1996) A study on ecology of Russula vinosa. Acta Ecologica Sinica 16: 208–211.
Zhao, R.-L., Karunarathna, S., Raspé, O., Parra, L.-A. & Callac, P. (2011) Major clades in tropical Agaricus. Fungal diversity 51: 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0136-7
Adam?ík, S., Looney, B., Cabo?, M., Jan?ovi?ová, S. & Buyck, B. (2019) The quest for a globally comprehensible Russula language. Fungal Diversity 99: 369–449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00437-2
Avis, P.G., Mclaughlin, D.J., Dentinger, B.T.M. & Reich, D.P.B. (2003) Long-term increase in nitrogen supply alters above and below—ground ectomycorrhizal communities and increases the dominance of Russula spp. in a temperate oak savanna. New Phytologist 160: 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00865.x
Beenken, L. (2004) Les ectomycorhizes du genre Russula. Bulletin of Society mycology of France 120: 293–333.
Buyck, B., Zoller, S. & Hofstetter, V. (2018) Walking the thin line… ten years later: the dilemma of above-versus below-ground features to support phylogenie in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89: 267–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0397-5
Cao, B., Li, G.-J. & Zhao, R.-L. (2019) Species diversity and geographic components of Russula from the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains. Biodiversity Science 27: 854–866. https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2019040
Chen, B., Jie, S., Liang, J.-F. & Li, Y.-K. (2021) Two new species of Russula subsect. Virescentinae from Southern China. Mycological Progress 20: 993–1005. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-168367/v1
Chen, B., Liang, J., Jiang, X. & Song, J. (2022) Morphological characters and molecular phylogeny reveals three new species of subgenus Russula from China. Life 12: 480–500. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040480
Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for windows 95/ 98/ nt. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-1999-0734.ch008
Hampe, F. & Manz, C. (2021) Two new Russula species from Thailand and the new subsection Magicae. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 87: 17–30.
Harrington, T.J. & Mitchell, D.T. (2011) Characterization of Dryas octopetala ectomycorrhizas from limestone karst vegetation, Western Ireland. Canadian Journal of Botany 80: 970–982. https://doi.org/10.1139/b02-082
Jiang, X., Li, Y.-K., Liang, J.-F. & Wu, J.-R. (2017) Two new Russula species in China. Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (Natural Science Edition) 46: 103–108. https://doi.org/10.13323/j.cnki.j.fafu(nat.sci.).2017.01.016
Ji, R.-Q., Xing, P.-J., Xu, Y., Li, G.-L., Gao, T.-T., Zhou, J.-J., Xie, M.-L. & Li,Y. (2019) Analyses on the composition of symbiotic fungi and bacteria in the roots and rhizosphere soil of Quercus mongolica. Mycosystema 38: 1894–1906. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.190181.
Knudsen, H., Ruotsalainen, J. & Vauras, J. (2014) Funga Nordica: Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gastroid genera. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen, 511 pp.
Kolmakov, P. (2015) Checklist of fungi of the genus Russula from Belarusian-Valdai Lake District. Botanica Lithuanica 21: 22–33. https://doi.org/10.1515/botlit-2015-0003
Lebel, T. & Tonkin, J.E. (2007) Australasian species of macowanites are sequestrate species of Russula (Russulaceae, Basidiomycota). Australian Systematic Botany 20: 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB07007
Li, F., Li, G.-J., Zhang, J., Gao, H., Shi, R.-S. & Deng, C.-Y. (2021) Russula fanjing, a new species of Russula subsect. Russula (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Guizhou province, China. Phytotaxa 480: 139–151. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.3
Li, G.-J. (2014) Taxonomy of Russula from China. Dissertation, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20380.59522
Li, G.-J., Deng, C.-Y., Shi, L.-Y., Wang, J., Meng, Q.-F. & Li, S.-M. (2020) Three new species of Russula subsect. Lactarioideae from China. Mycosystema 39: 618–636. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.190414
Li, Y.-S., Ping, M.-K. & Chen, L.-Z. (2000) Preliminary discussion on the origin of Quercus mongolica forest in North China. Guihaia 20: 131–137.
Looney, B.P., Ryberg, M., Hampe, F., Sanchez, G.A. & Matheny, P.B. (2016) Into and out of the tropics: global diversification patterns in a hyperdiverse clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi. Molecular Ecology 25: 630–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13506
Looney, B.P., Meidl, P., Piatek, M.J., Miettinen, O., Martin, F.M., Matheny, P.B. & Jessy, L. (2018) Russulaceae: a new genomic dataset to study ecosystem function and evolutionary diversification of ectomycorrhizal fungi with their tree associates. New Phytologist 218: 54–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15001
Miller, M.A., Pfeifer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Miller, M.A., Pfeifer, W. & Schwartz, T. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE). IEEE Computer Society, New Orleans, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mrbayes 3.2: efficient bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Persoon, C.H. (1796) Observationes Mycologicae. Wolf, Leipzig. 116 pp.
Qian, G. & Yang, Z.-L. (2010) Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with two species of Kobresia in an alpine meadow in the Eastern Himalaya. Mycorrhiza 20: 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-009-0287-5
Ridgway, R. (1912) Color standards and color nomenclature. Robert Ridgway, Washington, 103 pp.
Romagnesi, H. (1967) Les Russules d’Europe et d’Afrique du Nord. Bordas, Paris, 998 pp.
Romagnesi, H. (1987) Status et noms nouveaux pour les infragénériques dans le genre Russula. Documentation Mycologique 18: 39–40.
Samina, S., Tanzeela, A., Muhammad, H., Sobia, I., Malka, S., Sana, K. & Muhammad, F. (2020) Plectological and molecular identification of economically important wild Russulales mushrooms from Pakistan and their antifungal potential against food pathogenic fungus aspergillus niger. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 27: 67?77.
Sarnari, M. (1998) Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Primo. Vol. 1. A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 799 pp.
Sarnari, M. (2005) Monografia illustrate de genere Russula in Europa. Tomo Secondo. Vol. 2. A.M.B. Fondazione centro studi micologici, Vicenza, 768 pp.
Singer, R. (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th edn. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, 981 pp.
Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12: 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0
Thompson, J.D., Gibson, T.J., Plewnlak, F., Jianmougin, F. & Higgins, D.G. (1997) The CLUSTAL-X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Research 25: 4876–4882. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.24.4876
Wang, Q. (2013) Ectomycorrhizal community composition of Quercus mongolica of Liaoning. Journal of Forestry Sciences and Technol 3: 6–9+14. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-1714.2013.03.003
Wei, S.-Y., Mo, T.-Y., Liu, B., Huang, F.-C. & Yao, X.-H. (1998) Studies on Russula and its ecological environment in the Mount Liuwanshan Castanopsis hystrix woodland of Pubei County in Guangxi. Journal of Guangxi Agricultural University 17: 25–32.
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Ed.) PCR protocols: a guide to methods and amplifcations. Academic Press. New York, pp. 315–322.
Wisitrassameewong, K., Manz, C., Hampe, F., Looney, B.P., Boonpratuang, T., Verbeken, A., Thummarukcharoen, T., Apichitnaranon, T., Pobkwamsuk, M., Cabo?, M. & Adam?ík, S. (2022) Two new Russula species (fungi) from dry dipterocarp forest in Thailand suggest niche specialization to this habitat type. Scientific Reports 12: 28–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06836-x. .
Xing, P.-J., Xu, Y., Gao, T.-T., Li, G.-L. , Zhou, J.-J., Xie, M.-L. & Ji, R.-Q. (2020) The community composition variation of Russulaceae associated with the Quercus mongolica forest during the growing season at Wudalianchi city, China. PeerJ 8: e8527. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8527
Ying, J.-Z. & Zang, M. (1994) Economic macrofungi from Southwestern China. Science Press, Beijing, 399 pp.
Zhang, Z.-H., Zheng, W.-P., Yin, K.-E., Li, J.-H. & Chen, X.-J. (1996) A study on ecology of Russula vinosa. Acta Ecologica Sinica 16: 208–211.
Zhao, R.-L., Karunarathna, S., Raspé, O., Parra, L.-A. & Callac, P. (2011) Major clades in tropical Agaricus. Fungal diversity 51: 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0136-7