Abstract
A tricholoma-like fungus was collected from Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China and the morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) locus were carried. This taxon is characterized by the medium to large basidiomes, with fairly inconspicuous, cottony-woolly ring and red to brownish-red, scales gradually thinning out towards the marginal zone on the pileus, with rarely clamped, guttulated basidiospores. Our collections are different from known Tricholoma species and they formed a distinct subclade with strong statistical supports in phylogenetic analyses. Based on the morphology and phylogeny, we introduce our collections as a new taxon, Tricholoma tianshanense sp. nov. The description and illustrations are provided herein.
References
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Braaten, C.C., Matheny, P.B., Viess, D.L., Wood, M.G., Williams, J.H. & Bougher, N.L. (2014) Two new species of Inocybe from Australia and North America that include novel secotioid forms. Botany 92 (1): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0195
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Deng, H., Yao, Y.J. & Pegler, D.N. (2004) An annotated checklist of Tricholoma from China. Journal of Fungal Research 2: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.2
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Heilmann-Clausen, J., Christensen, M., Frøslev, T.G. & Kjøller, R. (2017) Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia 38: 38–57. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693174
Hosen, M.I., Li, T.H., Li, T., Zhong, X.J. & Chen, Y. (2016) Tricholoma sinoacerbum, a bitter species from Guangdong Province of China. Mycoscience 57: 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.02.002
Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Hur, T.C., Ka, K.H., Joo, S.H. & Terashita, T. (2001) Characteristics of the amylase and its related enzymes produced by ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake. Mycobiology 29 (4): 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2001.12015785
Intini, M., Dogan, H.H. & Riva, A. (2003) Tricholoma anatolicum spec. nov.: a new member of the matsutake group. Micologia e Vegetatione Mediterranea 18: 135–142.
Jabeen, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Pseudosperma flavorimosum sp. nov. from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 135 (1): 183–193. https://doi.org/10.5248/135.183
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kikuchi, K., Matsushita, N. & Suzuki, K. (2007) Discrimination of Tricholoma species by species-specific ITS primers. Mycoscience 48 (5): 316–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-007-0368-2
Kikuchi, K., Matsushita, N., Guerin-Laguette, A., Ohta, A. & Suzuki, K. (2000) Detection of Tricholoma matsutake by specific ITS primers. Mycological Research 104 (12): 1427–1430. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953756200002653
Kytvuori, I. (1988) The Tricholoma caligatum group in Europe and North Africa. Karstenia 28 (2): 65–77. https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.266
Leake, J.R., McKendrick, S.L., Bidartondo, M, Read, D.J. (2004) Symbiotic germination and development of the myco-heterotroph Monotropa hypopitys in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Tricholoma spp. New Phytologist 163 (2): 405–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01115.x
Mao, X.L. (1998) Economic Fungi in China. Science Press, Beijing, 762 pp.
Mao, X.L. (2000) The Macrofungi in China. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou, 719 pp.
Mao, X.L. & Wen, H.A. (1985) Investigation of Thomur Peak area of Tianshan Mountains: Fungi in Thomur Peak area of Tianshan Mountains. Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, Xinjiang, pp. 268–327.
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Munsell, O. (2009) Munsell Soil Color Charts. Munsell Color Company, Inc, Baltimore, Maryland.
Murata, H., Ota, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Yamada, A., Katahata, S., Otsuka, Y., Babasaki, K. & Neda, H. (2013) Mobile DNA distributions refine the phylogeny “matsutake” mushrooms, Tricholoma sect. Caligata. Mycorrhiza 23 (6): 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0487-x
Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala.
Osmundson, T.W., Robert, V.A., Schoch, C.L., Baker, L.J., Smith, A., Robich, G., Mizzan, L. & Garbelotto, M.M. (2013) Filling Gaps in Biodiversity Knowledge for Macrofungi: Contributions and Assessment of an Herbarium Collection DNA Barcode Sequencing Project. PLoS ONE 8 (4): e62419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062419
Ota, Y., Yamanaka, T., Murata, H., Neda, H., Ohta, A., Kawai, M., Yamada, A., Konno, M. & Tanaka, C. (2012) Phylogenetic relationship and species delimitation of matsutake and allied species based on multilocus phylogeny and haplotype analyses. Mycologia 104: 1369–1380. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-068
Ovrebo, C.L., Hughes, K.W. & Halling, R.E. (2019) Three new species of Tricholoma from Costa Rica. Phytotaxa 392: 33–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.392.1.3
Pancorbo, F., Ribes, M.A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Hernanz, J., Olariaga, I., Daniëls, P.P., Hereza, A., Sánchez, S., Mateo, J.F. & Serrano, F. (2017) Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad fúngica del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido II. Pirineos 172: e032. https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2017.172007
Reschke, K., Popa, F., Yang, Z.L. & Kost, G. (2018) Diversity and taxonomy of Tricholoma species from Yunnan, China, and notes on species from Europe and North America. Mycologia 110: 1081–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1512295
Sánchez-García, M., Matheny, P.B., Palfner, G. & Lodge, D.J. (2014) Deconstructing the Tricholomataceae (Agaricales) and introduction of the new genera Albomagister, Corneriella, Pogonoloma and Pseudotricholoma. Taxon 63: 993–1007. https://doi.org/10.12705/635.635.3
Sanmee, R., Lumyong, S., Dell, B. & Lumyong, P. (2007) First record of Tricholoma fulvocastaneum from Thailand. Mycoscience 48 (2): 131–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-006-0341-5
Scheffel, R.L. & Wernet, S.J. (1980) Natural Wonders of the World. Reader’s Digest Association, United States of America, 378 pp.
Smith, S.E., Read, D.J. (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press (Elsevier), London, pp. 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370526-6.50006-4
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Trudell, S.A., Xu, J., Justo, A., Saaret, I., Justo, A. & Cifuentesal, J. (2017) North American matsutake: Names clarified and a new species described. Mycologia 109 (3): 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1326780
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Xu, X., Cui, Y.Y. & Yang, Z.L. (2020) Two new species of Tricholoma sect. genuina (agaricales) from China. Phytotaxa 443 (2): 155–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.443.2.3
Yang, Z.L., Ding, X.X., Kost, G. & Rexer, K.H. (2017) New species in the Tricholoma pardinum complex from Eastern Himalaya. Phytotaxa 305: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.1.1
Yao, F.l., Ma, C.M., Zhu, C. & Yang, H.J. (2021) Relationship between surface pollen and vegetation on the northern slope of West Tianshan Mountains, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 60 (3): 471–482. https://doi.org/10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020064
Yu, F.Q., Wang, Y. & Liu, P.G. (2006) Tricholoma lavendulophyllum, a new species from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 95: 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.002
Zhao, Z.Y. & Chen, M. (2013) Xinjiang Wild Mushrooms. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing 198 pp.
Braaten, C.C., Matheny, P.B., Viess, D.L., Wood, M.G., Williams, J.H. & Bougher, N.L. (2014) Two new species of Inocybe from Australia and North America that include novel secotioid forms. Botany 92 (1): 9–22. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjb-2013-0195
Chapela, I.H. & Garbelotto, M. (2004) Phylogeography and evolution in matsutake and close allies inferred by analyses of its sequences and AFLPs. Mycologia 96 (4): 730–741. https://doi.org/10.1080/15572536.2005.11832921
Christensen, M. & Heilmann-Clausen, J. (2013) The genus Tricholoma–Fungi of Northern Europe, vol. 4. Svampetryk, Denmark, 228 pp.
Deng, H., Yao, Y.J. & Pegler, D.N. (2004) An annotated checklist of Tricholoma from China. Journal of Fungal Research 2: 1–18. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3847.3.2
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analyses program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Heilmann-Clausen, J., Christensen, M., Frøslev, T.G. & Kjøller, R. (2017) Taxonomy of Tricholoma in northern Europe based on ITS sequence data and morphological characters. Persoonia 38: 38–57. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693174
Hosen, M.I., Li, T.H., Li, T., Zhong, X.J. & Chen, Y. (2016) Tricholoma sinoacerbum, a bitter species from Guangdong Province of China. Mycoscience 57: 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.02.002
Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian Phylogenetic Inference and Model Choice Across a Large Model Space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Hur, T.C., Ka, K.H., Joo, S.H. & Terashita, T. (2001) Characteristics of the amylase and its related enzymes produced by ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake. Mycobiology 29 (4): 183–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2001.12015785
Intini, M., Dogan, H.H. & Riva, A. (2003) Tricholoma anatolicum spec. nov.: a new member of the matsutake group. Micologia e Vegetatione Mediterranea 18: 135–142.
Jabeen, S. & Khalid, A.N. (2020) Pseudosperma flavorimosum sp. nov. from Pakistan. Mycotaxon 135 (1): 183–193. https://doi.org/10.5248/135.183
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kikuchi, K., Matsushita, N. & Suzuki, K. (2007) Discrimination of Tricholoma species by species-specific ITS primers. Mycoscience 48 (5): 316–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-007-0368-2
Kikuchi, K., Matsushita, N., Guerin-Laguette, A., Ohta, A. & Suzuki, K. (2000) Detection of Tricholoma matsutake by specific ITS primers. Mycological Research 104 (12): 1427–1430. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0953756200002653
Kytvuori, I. (1988) The Tricholoma caligatum group in Europe and North Africa. Karstenia 28 (2): 65–77. https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.266
Leake, J.R., McKendrick, S.L., Bidartondo, M, Read, D.J. (2004) Symbiotic germination and development of the myco-heterotroph Monotropa hypopitys in nature and its requirement for locally distributed Tricholoma spp. New Phytologist 163 (2): 405–423. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01115.x
Mao, X.L. (1998) Economic Fungi in China. Science Press, Beijing, 762 pp.
Mao, X.L. (2000) The Macrofungi in China. Henan Science and Technology Press, Zhengzhou, 719 pp.
Mao, X.L. & Wen, H.A. (1985) Investigation of Thomur Peak area of Tianshan Mountains: Fungi in Thomur Peak area of Tianshan Mountains. Xinjiang People’s Publishing House, Xinjiang, pp. 268–327.
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W.T. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for Inference of Large Phylogenetic Trees. Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129
Munsell, O. (2009) Munsell Soil Color Charts. Munsell Color Company, Inc, Baltimore, Maryland.
Murata, H., Ota, Y., Yamaguchi, M., Yamada, A., Katahata, S., Otsuka, Y., Babasaki, K. & Neda, H. (2013) Mobile DNA distributions refine the phylogeny “matsutake” mushrooms, Tricholoma sect. Caligata. Mycorrhiza 23 (6): 447–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-013-0487-x
Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest 2.2. Computer software distributed by the University of Uppsala.
Osmundson, T.W., Robert, V.A., Schoch, C.L., Baker, L.J., Smith, A., Robich, G., Mizzan, L. & Garbelotto, M.M. (2013) Filling Gaps in Biodiversity Knowledge for Macrofungi: Contributions and Assessment of an Herbarium Collection DNA Barcode Sequencing Project. PLoS ONE 8 (4): e62419. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0062419
Ota, Y., Yamanaka, T., Murata, H., Neda, H., Ohta, A., Kawai, M., Yamada, A., Konno, M. & Tanaka, C. (2012) Phylogenetic relationship and species delimitation of matsutake and allied species based on multilocus phylogeny and haplotype analyses. Mycologia 104: 1369–1380. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-068
Ovrebo, C.L., Hughes, K.W. & Halling, R.E. (2019) Three new species of Tricholoma from Costa Rica. Phytotaxa 392: 33–44. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.392.1.3
Pancorbo, F., Ribes, M.A., Esteve-Raventós, F., Hernanz, J., Olariaga, I., Daniëls, P.P., Hereza, A., Sánchez, S., Mateo, J.F. & Serrano, F. (2017) Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad fúngica del Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido II. Pirineos 172: e032. https://doi.org/10.3989/pirineos.2017.172007
Reschke, K., Popa, F., Yang, Z.L. & Kost, G. (2018) Diversity and taxonomy of Tricholoma species from Yunnan, China, and notes on species from Europe and North America. Mycologia 110: 1081–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1512295
Sánchez-García, M., Matheny, P.B., Palfner, G. & Lodge, D.J. (2014) Deconstructing the Tricholomataceae (Agaricales) and introduction of the new genera Albomagister, Corneriella, Pogonoloma and Pseudotricholoma. Taxon 63: 993–1007. https://doi.org/10.12705/635.635.3
Sanmee, R., Lumyong, S., Dell, B. & Lumyong, P. (2007) First record of Tricholoma fulvocastaneum from Thailand. Mycoscience 48 (2): 131–133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-006-0341-5
Scheffel, R.L. & Wernet, S.J. (1980) Natural Wonders of the World. Reader’s Digest Association, United States of America, 378 pp.
Smith, S.E., Read, D.J. (2008) Mycorrhizal symbiosis. Academic Press (Elsevier), London, pp. 117–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012370526-6.50006-4
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033
Trudell, S.A., Xu, J., Justo, A., Saaret, I., Justo, A. & Cifuentesal, J. (2017) North American matsutake: Names clarified and a new species described. Mycologia 109 (3): 379–390. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1326780
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York, USA, pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Xu, X., Cui, Y.Y. & Yang, Z.L. (2020) Two new species of Tricholoma sect. genuina (agaricales) from China. Phytotaxa 443 (2): 155–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.443.2.3
Yang, Z.L., Ding, X.X., Kost, G. & Rexer, K.H. (2017) New species in the Tricholoma pardinum complex from Eastern Himalaya. Phytotaxa 305: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.305.1.1
Yao, F.l., Ma, C.M., Zhu, C. & Yang, H.J. (2021) Relationship between surface pollen and vegetation on the northern slope of West Tianshan Mountains, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 60 (3): 471–482. https://doi.org/10.19800/j.cnki.aps.2020064
Yu, F.Q., Wang, Y. & Liu, P.G. (2006) Tricholoma lavendulophyllum, a new species from Yunnan, China. Mycotaxon 95: 305–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2007.07.002
Zhao, Z.Y. & Chen, M. (2013) Xinjiang Wild Mushrooms. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing 198 pp.