Abstract
A powdery mildew fungus of the genus Phyllactinia was found on leaves of Juglans regia in Pakistan. This species is well characterized by having large-sized chasmothecia, rather short appendages and small ascospores. Sequences retrieved from this species formed a separate clade distant from the clade constituted by Phyllactinia juglandis, a common species on different hosts of the Juglandaceae in Asia. On account of biological and morphological differences from phylogenetically related species, the new species is described and illustrated as Phyllactinia himalayensis sp. nov.
References
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<p>Takamatsu, S., Limkaisang, S. & Braun, U. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships and generic affinity of <em>Uncinula septata</em> inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. <em>Mycoscience</em> 46 (1): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-004-0205-9</p>
<p>Takamatsu, S., Inagaki, M., Niinomi, S., Khodaparast, S.A., Shin, H.D., Grigaliunaite, B. & Havrylenko, M. (2008) Comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis and evolution of the genus <em>Phyllactinia</em> (Ascomycota: <em>Erysiphales</em>) and its allied genera. <em>Mycological Research</em> 112 (3): 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.11.014</p>
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<p>Tao, J.F, Qin, J.Z. & Li, T.J. (1977) Two new species of <em>Erysiphaceae</em>. <em>Acta Microbiologica Sinica </em>17 (4): 293–296.</p>
<p>Amano, K. (1986) <em>Host range and geographical distribution of the powdery mildew fungi.</em> Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 741 pp.</p>
<p>Awan, A.A., Akhtar, T. & Dar, M.E.U.I. (2007) Fodder plants of some selected areas of Jhelum Valley. <em>Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences</em> 10 (9): 1547–1549. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.1547.1549</p>
<p>Braun, U. & Cook, R.T.A. (2012) <em>Taxonomic manual of the Erysiphales (powdery mildews) CBS Biodiversity Series 11</em>. CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, 707 pp.</p>
<p>Braun, U. & Takamatsu, S. (2000) Phylogeny of <em>Erysiphe</em>, <em>Microsphaera</em>, <em>Uncinula</em> (<em>Erysipheae</em>) and <em>Cystotheca</em>, <em>Podosphaera</em>, <em>Sphaerotheca</em> (<em>Cystotheceae</em>) inferred from rDNA ITS sequences: some taxonomic consequences. <em>Schlechtendalia</em> 4: 1–33.</p>
<p>Braun, U., Cook, R.T.A., Inman, A.J. & Shin, H.D. (2002) The taxonomy of the powdery mildew fungi. The powdery mildews: a comprehensive treatise, 13–55.</p>
<p>Cunnington, J.H., Takamatsu, S., Lawrie, A.C. & Pascoe, I.G. (2003) Molecular identification of anamorphic powdery mildews (<em>Erysiphales</em>). <em>Australasian Plant Pathology</em> 32 (3): 421–428. https://doi.org/10.1071/AP03045</p>
<p>Dar, M.E.U.I., Cochard, R., Shreshta, R.P. & Ahmad, S. (2012) Plant resource utilization by local inhabitants around Machiara National Park, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. <em>Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment</em> 10 (3–4): 1139–1148. https://doi.org/10.1234/4.2012.3612</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program, for windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acid Symposium Series</em> (41): 95–98.</p>
<p>Jin, D.N., Kiss, L., Takamatsu, S., Zhang, Z.Y., Cabrera, M.G., Li, Z., Li, Y. & Liu, S.Y. (2021) Hidden diversity of powdery mildews belonging to the recently re-discovered genus <em>Salmonomyces</em>. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 20 (9): 1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01679-8</p>
<p>Khan, W., Hussain, M., Ali, K., Ali, M. & Nisar, M. (2020) Distribution and phenotypic variation in <em>Juglans regia</em> L. growing in Hindu Kush ranges of Pakistan. <em>Acta Ecologica Sinica</em> 40 (5): 363–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2020.02.009</p>
<p>Löytynoja, A. & Goldman, N. (2010) webPRANK: a phylogeny-aware multiple sequence aligner with interactive alignment browser<em>. BMC Bioinformatics</em> 11 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-579</p>
<p>Marmolejo, J., Siahaan, S.A.S., Takamatsu, S. & Braun, U. (2018) Three new records of powdery mildews found in Mexico with one genus and one new species proposed. <em>Mycoscience</em> 59: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2017.06.010</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (<em>GCE</em>), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, New Orleans, pp. 14 November 2010, New Orleans, LA, USA. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCE.2010.5676129</p>
<p>Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) FigTree 1.4. 2 software. Edinburgh, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh.</p>
<p>Sambrook, J. & Russel, D.W. (2001) Rapid isolation of yeast DNA. <em>In</em>: Sambrook, J. & Russel, D.W. (Eds.)<em> Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual</em>. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York, pp. 631–632.</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Takamatsu, S., Limkaisang, S. & Braun, U. (2005) Phylogenetic relationships and generic affinity of <em>Uncinula septata</em> inferred from nuclear rDNA sequences. <em>Mycoscience</em> 46 (1): 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10267-004-0205-9</p>
<p>Takamatsu, S., Inagaki, M., Niinomi, S., Khodaparast, S.A., Shin, H.D., Grigaliunaite, B. & Havrylenko, M. (2008) Comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis and evolution of the genus <em>Phyllactinia</em> (Ascomycota: <em>Erysiphales</em>) and its allied genera. <em>Mycological Research</em> 112 (3): 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mycres.2007.11.014</p>
<p>Takamatsu, S., Siahaan, S.A., Moreno-Rico, O., Cabrera de Alvarez, M.G. & Braun, U. (2016) Early evolution of endoparasitic group in powdery mildews: molecular phylogeny suggests missing link between <em>Phyllactinia</em> and <em>Leveillula</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 108 (5): 837–850. https://doi.org/10.3852/16-010</p>
<p>Tao, J.F, Qin, J.Z. & Li, T.J. (1977) Two new species of <em>Erysiphaceae</em>. <em>Acta Microbiologica Sinica </em>17 (4): 293–296.</p>