Abstract
A new species, Vanilla cardinalis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) discovered in southern Vietnam (Phu Yen Province, Song Hinh District) is described and illustrated. Data on ecology, phenology, distribution, and estimated IUCN Red List conservation status of the new species are provided. Differences of V. cardinalis from its morphologically similar congeners are briefly discussed. Additionally, a checklist of the genus Vanilla and the morphologically similar Miguelia in Vietnam is presented.
References
<p>Averyanov, L.V. (2011) The orchids of Vietnam illustrated survey. Part 3. Subfamily Epidendroideae (primitive tribes – Neottieae, Vanilleae, Gastrodieae, Nervilieae). <em>Turczaninowia</em> 14 (2): 15–100.</p>
<p>Averyanov, L.V. (2013) The orchids of Vietnam illustrated survey. Part 4. Subfamily Epidendroideae (tribes Arethuseae and Malaxideae). <em>Turczaninowia</em> 16 (1): 5–163. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.16.4.7</p>
<p>Averyanov, L.V. & Averyanova, A.L. (2003) <em>Updated checklist of the orchids of Vietnam</em>. Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 101 pp.</p>
<p>Averyanov, L.V. & Truong, B.V. (2015) Review of the genus <em>Miguelia</em> (Orchidaceae) with a new species,<em> M. cruenta</em>, from southern Vietnam. <em>Taiwania</em> 60 (1): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2015.60.33</p>
<p>Blume, C.L. (1825) <em>Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië</em> 8. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, pp. 355–434. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115427</p>
<p>Cameron, K. (2011) <em>Vanilla orchids: natural history and cultivation</em>. Timber Press, Portland & London, 212 pp.</p>
<p>Comber, J.B. (2001) <em>Orchids of Sumatra</em>. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1026 pp.</p>
<p>Downie, D.G. (1925) Contributions to the flora of Siam. Additamentum XVII. <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)</em> 1925 (10): 404–423. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115102</p>
<p>Fu, L.F., Monro, A., Do, T.V., Nuraliev, M.S., Averyanov, L.V., Wen, F., Xin, Z.B., Maisak, T.V., Kuznetsov, A.N., Kuznetsova, S.P., Nguyen, K.S. & Wei, Y.G. (2019) Checklist to the <em>Elatostema</em> (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms. <em>PeerJ</em> 7: e6188. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6188</p>
<p>Gagnepain, M.F. (1931) Treize Orchidacées nouvelles d’Indo-Chine. <em>Bulletin du Museìum National d’Histoire Naturelle</em> Ser. 2, 3 (7): 679–687.</p>
<p>Guillaumin, A. (1964) Plantes nouvelles, rares ou critiques des serres du muséum (Notules sur quelques orchidées d’Indochine. ⅩⅩⅩⅢ). <em>Bulletin du Museìum National d’Histoire Naturelle </em>Ser. 2, 36 (1): 161–162.</p>
<p>Hayata, B. (1916) <em>Icones Plantarum Formosanarum</em>. Vol. 6. Taihoku, Taipei, 168 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria</em> Ver. 14. Available from: https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 18 February 2022)</p>
<p>Liu, Z.-J., Chen, S.-C. & Ru, Z.-Z. (2007) <em>Vanilla shenzhenica</em> Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen, the first new species of Orchidaceae found in Shenzhen, South China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 45 (3): 301–303. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps050060</p>
<p>Miller, P. (1754) <em>The gardeners dictionary</em>. ed. 4, Vol. 3. <em>VANILLA</em> [text with no pagination] Printed for the author and sold by John and James Rivington, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061</p>
<p>Nguyen, M.T., Averyanov, L.V., Bui, V.H., Hoang, N.S., Dang, V.S. & Truong, B.V. (2020) <em>Vanilla tiendatii</em>, a new climbing orchid from Vietnam. <em>Taiwania</em> 65 (4): 438‒442. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.438</p>
<p>Pansarin, E.R. (2022) <em>Vanilla</em> flowers: much more than food-deception. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 198 (1): 57‒73. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab046</p>
<p>Reichenbach, H.G. (1854) Notulae Orchidaceae. <em>Bonplandia</em> 2: 88–93.</p>
<p>Schuiteman, A., Averyanov, L. & Rybková, R. (2013) <em>Vanilla atropogon</em>, a new species from Vietnam. <em>Orchideen Journal</em> 1 (1): 10–16.</p>
<p>Smith, J.J. (1920) Orchidaceae novae Malayenses, ⅠⅩ. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg</em> Ser. 3, 2: 15–129.</p>
<p>Soto Arenas, M.A. (2003) Vanilla.<em> In: </em>Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (Eds.) <em>Genera orchidacearum: Orchidoideae (part 2), Vanilloideae. </em>Oxford University, New York, pp. 321–334.</p>
<p>Soto Arenas, M.A. & Cribb, P. (2010) A new infrageneric classification and synopsis of the genus <em>Vanilla</em> Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae). <em>Lankesteriana</em> 9 (3): 355–398.</p>
<p>Averyanov, L.V. (2013) The orchids of Vietnam illustrated survey. Part 4. Subfamily Epidendroideae (tribes Arethuseae and Malaxideae). <em>Turczaninowia</em> 16 (1): 5–163. https://doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.16.4.7</p>
<p>Averyanov, L.V. & Averyanova, A.L. (2003) <em>Updated checklist of the orchids of Vietnam</em>. Vietnam National University Publishing House, Hanoi, 101 pp.</p>
<p>Averyanov, L.V. & Truong, B.V. (2015) Review of the genus <em>Miguelia</em> (Orchidaceae) with a new species,<em> M. cruenta</em>, from southern Vietnam. <em>Taiwania</em> 60 (1): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2015.60.33</p>
<p>Blume, C.L. (1825) <em>Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië</em> 8. Ter Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, pp. 355–434. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.115427</p>
<p>Cameron, K. (2011) <em>Vanilla orchids: natural history and cultivation</em>. Timber Press, Portland & London, 212 pp.</p>
<p>Comber, J.B. (2001) <em>Orchids of Sumatra</em>. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1026 pp.</p>
<p>Downie, D.G. (1925) Contributions to the flora of Siam. Additamentum XVII. <em>Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew)</em> 1925 (10): 404–423. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115102</p>
<p>Fu, L.F., Monro, A., Do, T.V., Nuraliev, M.S., Averyanov, L.V., Wen, F., Xin, Z.B., Maisak, T.V., Kuznetsov, A.N., Kuznetsova, S.P., Nguyen, K.S. & Wei, Y.G. (2019) Checklist to the <em>Elatostema</em> (Urticaceae) of Vietnam including 19 new records, ten new combinations, two new names and four new synonyms. <em>PeerJ</em> 7: e6188. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6188</p>
<p>Gagnepain, M.F. (1931) Treize Orchidacées nouvelles d’Indo-Chine. <em>Bulletin du Museìum National d’Histoire Naturelle</em> Ser. 2, 3 (7): 679–687.</p>
<p>Guillaumin, A. (1964) Plantes nouvelles, rares ou critiques des serres du muséum (Notules sur quelques orchidées d’Indochine. ⅩⅩⅩⅢ). <em>Bulletin du Museìum National d’Histoire Naturelle </em>Ser. 2, 36 (1): 161–162.</p>
<p>Hayata, B. (1916) <em>Icones Plantarum Formosanarum</em>. Vol. 6. Taihoku, Taipei, 168 pp.</p>
<p>IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2019) <em>Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria</em> Ver. 14. Available from: https://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 18 February 2022)</p>
<p>Liu, Z.-J., Chen, S.-C. & Ru, Z.-Z. (2007) <em>Vanilla shenzhenica</em> Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen, the first new species of Orchidaceae found in Shenzhen, South China. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 45 (3): 301–303. https://doi.org/10.1360/aps050060</p>
<p>Miller, P. (1754) <em>The gardeners dictionary</em>. ed. 4, Vol. 3. <em>VANILLA</em> [text with no pagination] Printed for the author and sold by John and James Rivington, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061</p>
<p>Nguyen, M.T., Averyanov, L.V., Bui, V.H., Hoang, N.S., Dang, V.S. & Truong, B.V. (2020) <em>Vanilla tiendatii</em>, a new climbing orchid from Vietnam. <em>Taiwania</em> 65 (4): 438‒442. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2020.65.438</p>
<p>Pansarin, E.R. (2022) <em>Vanilla</em> flowers: much more than food-deception. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 198 (1): 57‒73. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boab046</p>
<p>Reichenbach, H.G. (1854) Notulae Orchidaceae. <em>Bonplandia</em> 2: 88–93.</p>
<p>Schuiteman, A., Averyanov, L. & Rybková, R. (2013) <em>Vanilla atropogon</em>, a new species from Vietnam. <em>Orchideen Journal</em> 1 (1): 10–16.</p>
<p>Smith, J.J. (1920) Orchidaceae novae Malayenses, ⅠⅩ. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg</em> Ser. 3, 2: 15–129.</p>
<p>Soto Arenas, M.A. (2003) Vanilla.<em> In: </em>Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (Eds.) <em>Genera orchidacearum: Orchidoideae (part 2), Vanilloideae. </em>Oxford University, New York, pp. 321–334.</p>
<p>Soto Arenas, M.A. & Cribb, P. (2010) A new infrageneric classification and synopsis of the genus <em>Vanilla</em> Plum. ex Mill. (Orchidaceae: Vanillinae). <em>Lankesteriana</em> 9 (3): 355–398.</p>