Abstract
The name Ruellia capitata (Acanthaceae) given by Rizzini to the Brazilian species of the genus Ruellia, is an illegitimate name, as it is a later homonym of R. capitata described by D. Don based on specimens from Nepal in Asia. Therefore a new name, Ruellia scarlatina is proposed here for R. capitata. The detail description along with illustration, distribution map, conservation status, and morphological relationships, are provided. A key for the species of Ruellia with red flowers occurring in Goiás State, as well as coloured photographs of some of them, are also provided.
References
<p>Anderson, T. (1867) An enumeration of the species of the Indian Acanthaceae. <em>Journal of the Linnaean Society Botany</em> 9: 425–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1867.tb01308.x</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Chagas, E.C.O. & Lima, J.L.C. (2020) Five new species of <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. <em>Neodiversity</em> 13: 39–55. https://doi.org/10.13102/neod.131.2</p>
<p>Clarke, C.B. (1885) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) <em>The Flora of British India</em> 4. Reeve & Co, London, pp. 387–558.</p>
<p>Don, D. (1825) <em>Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. </em>Veneunt apud J.Gale, London, 256 pp.</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (1989) <em>Ruellia sanguinea</em> (Acanthaceae) y especies relacionadas en Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil. <em>Darwiniana</em> 29: 269–287. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807445</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (1993) Systematics of <em>Ruellia </em>(Acanthaceae) in southern South America. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 80: 787–845. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399931</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (1998) A new species of <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae) from Paraguay. <em>Brittonia</em> 50: 339–342. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807777</p>
<p>Fernandes, U.G., Kameyama, C., Ezcurra, C., Indriunas, A. & Pessoa, C.S. (2020) <em>Ruellia. In:</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4204 (Accessed 7 January 2022)</p>
<p>Grisebach, A.H.R. (1879) <em>Symbolae ad Floram Argentinam</em>. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaftenzu Göttingen 24: 3–346.</p>
<p>Hieronymus, G.H.E. (1878) <em>Symbolae ad floram Braziliae centralis cognoscendam. In:</em> <em>Vidensk abelige Meddelelserfra Dansk Naturhistorisk Foreningi Kjöbenhavn</em>. pp. 104.</p>
<p>IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge. Available from: http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 21 January 2022)</p>
<p>JSTOR Global Plants (2021) JSTOR Global Plants. Available at: http://plants.jstor.org/ (accessed 10 January 2022).</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii,</em> Stockholm, pp. 561–1200.</p>
<p>Lindau, G. (1895) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) <em>Die Natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em> 4 (3b). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 274–353.</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis. <em>In:</em> Wallich, N. <em>Plantae Asiatica Rariores</em>, Treuttel, Würtz & Ritter, London, pp. 70–117.</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D (1847) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> von Martius, C.F.P., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em> 9. Typographia Regia, Monachii, pp. 1–164, t. 1–31.</p>
<p>Pessôa, C.S. (2012) <em>Ruellia </em>L. (Acanthaceae) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Master’sdissertation. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 78 pp.</p>
<p>Pohl, J.B.E. (1831)<em> Plantarum Brasiliae icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditae</em> 2. Antonii Strauss, Vienna, 152 pp.</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1816) <em>Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique</em>, Suppl. 4. Agasse, Paris, 731 pp.</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2016) QGIS 2.14.19 Brighton software. Geographic Information System. OpenSource Geospatial Foundation Project. Available at: http://doc.qgis.org (accessed 11 January 2022).</p>
<p>Reis, A.S., Kameyama, C. & Gil, A.S.B. (2017) <em>Ruellia anamariae</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327: 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.7</p>
<p>Rizzini, C.T. (1956) Notulae de Acanthaceis novis seu minus cognitis. <em>Dusenia</em> 7: 299–305.</p>
<p>Schmidt-Lebuhn, A.N. & Tripp, E.A. (2009) <em>Ruellia saccata</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from Bolivia. <em>Novon</em> 19: 515–519. https://doi.org/10.3417/2008021</p>
<p>Silva, M.G. (2011) Estudo Taxonômico da subtribo Ruelliinae Nees (Acanthaceae) no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Master’s dissertation. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, 76 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers B (2022 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 5 January 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017.</em> Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Tripp, E.A. (2007) Evolutionary relationships within the species-rich genus <em>Ruellia </em>(Acanthaceae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32: 628–649. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407782250625</p>
<p>Tripp, E.A. & Manos, P.S. (2008) Is floral specialization an evolutionary dead-end? Pollination system evolution in <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae). <em>Evolution</em> 62: 1712–1737. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00398.x</p>
<p>Vilar, T.S. (2009) <em>Acanthaceae Juss. no Distrito Federal, Brasil.</em> Master’s dissertation. Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, 120 pp.</p>
<p>Wallich, N. (1830) <em>A numerical list of dried specimens (Wallich’s Catalogue). </em>East India Company Museum, London, 306 pp.</p>
<p>Wasshausen, D.C. & Wood, J.R.I. (2003) Notes on the genus <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington</em> 116: 264–274</p>
<p>Wasshausen, D.C. & Smith, L.B. (1969) Acantáceas. <em>In: </em>Reitz, R. (ed.) <em>Flora Ilustrada Catarinense.</em> ACAN, Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajaí. pp. 1–134.</p>
<p>Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. <em>ZooKeys</em> 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109</p>
<p>Chagas, E.C.O. & Lima, J.L.C. (2020) Five new species of <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil. <em>Neodiversity</em> 13: 39–55. https://doi.org/10.13102/neod.131.2</p>
<p>Clarke, C.B. (1885) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) <em>The Flora of British India</em> 4. Reeve & Co, London, pp. 387–558.</p>
<p>Don, D. (1825) <em>Prodromus Florae Nepalensis. </em>Veneunt apud J.Gale, London, 256 pp.</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (1989) <em>Ruellia sanguinea</em> (Acanthaceae) y especies relacionadas en Argentina, Uruguay y sur de Brasil. <em>Darwiniana</em> 29: 269–287. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807445</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (1993) Systematics of <em>Ruellia </em>(Acanthaceae) in southern South America. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 80: 787–845. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399931</p>
<p>Ezcurra, C. (1998) A new species of <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae) from Paraguay. <em>Brittonia</em> 50: 339–342. https://doi.org/10.2307/2807777</p>
<p>Fernandes, U.G., Kameyama, C., Ezcurra, C., Indriunas, A. & Pessoa, C.S. (2020) <em>Ruellia. In:</em> Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available from: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB4204 (Accessed 7 January 2022)</p>
<p>Grisebach, A.H.R. (1879) <em>Symbolae ad Floram Argentinam</em>. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaftenzu Göttingen 24: 3–346.</p>
<p>Hieronymus, G.H.E. (1878) <em>Symbolae ad floram Braziliae centralis cognoscendam. In:</em> <em>Vidensk abelige Meddelelserfra Dansk Naturhistorisk Foreningi Kjöbenhavn</em>. pp. 104.</p>
<p>IUCN (2017) Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. Version 13. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge. Available from: http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf (accessed 21 January 2022)</p>
<p>JSTOR Global Plants (2021) JSTOR Global Plants. Available at: http://plants.jstor.org/ (accessed 10 January 2022).</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species Plantarum 2. Impensis Laurentii Salvii,</em> Stockholm, pp. 561–1200.</p>
<p>Lindau, G. (1895) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (Eds.) <em>Die Natirlichen Pflanzenfamilien</em> 4 (3b). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 274–353.</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D (1832) Acanthaceae Indiae Orientalis. <em>In:</em> Wallich, N. <em>Plantae Asiatica Rariores</em>, Treuttel, Würtz & Ritter, London, pp. 70–117.</p>
<p>Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D (1847) Acanthaceae. <em>In:</em> von Martius, C.F.P., Eichler, A.G. & Urban, I. (Eds.) <em>Flora Brasiliensis</em> 9. Typographia Regia, Monachii, pp. 1–164, t. 1–31.</p>
<p>Pessôa, C.S. (2012) <em>Ruellia </em>L. (Acanthaceae) no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Master’sdissertation. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 78 pp.</p>
<p>Pohl, J.B.E. (1831)<em> Plantarum Brasiliae icones et descriptiones hactenus ineditae</em> 2. Antonii Strauss, Vienna, 152 pp.</p>
<p>Poiret, J.L.M. (1816) <em>Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique</em>, Suppl. 4. Agasse, Paris, 731 pp.</p>
<p>QGIS Development Team (2016) QGIS 2.14.19 Brighton software. Geographic Information System. OpenSource Geospatial Foundation Project. Available at: http://doc.qgis.org (accessed 11 January 2022).</p>
<p>Reis, A.S., Kameyama, C. & Gil, A.S.B. (2017) <em>Ruellia anamariae</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from northern Brazil. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327: 276–282. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.7</p>
<p>Rizzini, C.T. (1956) Notulae de Acanthaceis novis seu minus cognitis. <em>Dusenia</em> 7: 299–305.</p>
<p>Schmidt-Lebuhn, A.N. & Tripp, E.A. (2009) <em>Ruellia saccata</em>, a new species of Acanthaceae from Bolivia. <em>Novon</em> 19: 515–519. https://doi.org/10.3417/2008021</p>
<p>Silva, M.G. (2011) Estudo Taxonômico da subtribo Ruelliinae Nees (Acanthaceae) no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Master’s dissertation. Universidade Federal do Paraná, Paraná, 76 pp.</p>
<p>Thiers B (2022 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 5 January 2021)</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017.</em> Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten: Koeltz Botanical Books, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Tripp, E.A. (2007) Evolutionary relationships within the species-rich genus <em>Ruellia </em>(Acanthaceae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 32: 628–649. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364407782250625</p>
<p>Tripp, E.A. & Manos, P.S. (2008) Is floral specialization an evolutionary dead-end? Pollination system evolution in <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae). <em>Evolution</em> 62: 1712–1737. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00398.x</p>
<p>Vilar, T.S. (2009) <em>Acanthaceae Juss. no Distrito Federal, Brasil.</em> Master’s dissertation. Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal, 120 pp.</p>
<p>Wallich, N. (1830) <em>A numerical list of dried specimens (Wallich’s Catalogue). </em>East India Company Museum, London, 306 pp.</p>
<p>Wasshausen, D.C. & Wood, J.R.I. (2003) Notes on the genus <em>Ruellia</em> (Acanthaceae) in Bolivia, Peru and Brazil. <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington</em> 116: 264–274</p>
<p>Wasshausen, D.C. & Smith, L.B. (1969) Acantáceas. <em>In: </em>Reitz, R. (ed.) <em>Flora Ilustrada Catarinense.</em> ACAN, Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Itajaí. pp. 1–134.</p>