Abstract
A new species of Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae), H. yucatana, is described, discussed, and iconographically documented based on material from Yucatan state, Mexico. The species is known from a few small ponds along a narrow strip of dry forests and shrublands over limestone outcrops and derived soils along the northwestern edge of the Yucatan Peninsula. The new species is related and has been hitherto confused with H. seubertiana from eastern Brazil but is easily distinguishable by its substantially smaller habit and flowers. Furthermore, the perianth lobes are lilac with a white-greenish basal blotch with yellowish towards the apex (as opposed to yellow lobes with proximal brownish spots). Also, the two lateral filaments are conspicuously inflated obliquely, as in Heteranthera mexicana, from which it differs by its much smaller vegetative size and some floral characters. The conservation status of the new species is assessed as Endangered according to the IUCN criteria. The genus Heteranthera consists of three species in the Yucatan Peninsula: H. dubia, H. limosa, and H. yucatana. Distributional maps for all Heteranthera from the area covered are presented. Finally, we offer a key to Heteranthera of the area.
References
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Carnevali, G., Ramírez-Morillo, I. & González-Iturbe, J.A. (2003) Flora y vegetación de la Península de Yucatán. In: Colunga-GarcíaMarín, P. & Larqué-Saavedra, A. (Eds.) Naturaleza y Sociedad del Área Maya: Pasado, Presente y Futuro. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Mérida, Yucatán, México. pp. 53–68.
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Durán, R., Campos, G., Trejo, J.C., Simá, P., May Pat, F. & Juan-Qui, M. (2000) Listado florístico de la Península de Yucatán. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Mérida, Yucatán, México. 259 pp.
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Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. vol. 1. Holmiae. Laurentii Salvii. 559 pp.
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Martius, K.F.P. von (1823) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. Munich, published by the author.
McVaugh, R. (1987) Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico. Vol. 5: Leguminosae. University of Michigan. 786 pp.
Mears, J.A. (1982) A summary of Blutaparon Rafinesque including species earlier known as Philoxerus R. Brown (Amaranthaceae). Taxon 31 (1): 111–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220598
Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of Cultivating and Improving the Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Garden, and Nursery; also for Performing the Practical Parts of Agriculture: including the Management of Vineyards, ... The Eighth Edition, .... Printed for the Author, London, unpaged. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.541
Mora-Olivo, A., Villaseñor, J.L. & Martínez, M. (2013) Las plantas vasculares acuáticas estrictas y su conservación en México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 103: 27–63. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm103.2013.50
Novelo, A. & Lot, A. (1994) 252. Pontederiaceae. In: Davidse, G., Sousa, M. & Chater, A.O. (Eds.) Flora Mesoamericana, vol. 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. pp. 65–71.
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Pellegrini, M. (2016) Two new synonyms in Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae, Commelinales). Nordic Journal of Botany 35 (1): 124?128. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01152
Pellegrini, M. & Horn, C.N. (2017) Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family. PhytoKeys 82: 35–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752
Pellegrini, M., Horn, C.N. & Almeida, R.F. (2018) Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L. PhytoKeys 108: 25–83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652
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Sosa, V., Flores, J.S., Rico-Gray, V., Lira, R. & Ortiz, J.J. (1985) Lista Florística y Sinonimia Maya. In: Sosa, V. (Ed.) Etnoflora Yucatanense. fasc. 1. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 225 pp.
Sousa, D.J.L., Campelo, M.J.A. & Matias, L.Q. (2018) Flora do Ceará: Pontederiaceae. Rodriguésia 69 (4): 1641–1657. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869412
Sprengel, K.P.J. (1825) Caroli Linnæi, ... Systema Vegetabilium. Editio Decima Sexta, Curante Curtio Sprengel… Volumen II. Classis 6–15. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Göttingen. 939 pp.
Standley, P.C. (1930) Flora of Yucatán. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Serie 3 (3): 157–492.
Swartz, O. (1788) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus. Bibliopoliis Acad. M. Swederi, Holmiae, Upsaliae & Aboae. 152 pp.
Thiers, B. (2020 onwards) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 29 April 2020)
Villaseñor, J.L. (2016) Catálogo de las plantas vasculares nativas de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (3): 559–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017
Watson, S. (1833) Contribution to America Botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 18: 96–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/25138689
Willdenow, C.L. (1801) Zehn neue Gattungen Pflanzen von demselben. Neue Schriften, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 3: 433–453.
Alexander, E.J. (1939) Eichhornia heterosperma. In: Smith, A.C. Notes on a collection of plants from British Guiana, 170. Lloydia 2: 161?218.
Austin, D.F. & Tapia Muñoz, J.L. (2000) Ipomoea sororia (Convolvulaceae), a new species from Yucatan, Mexico. Sida 19 (4): 807–810. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41967931]
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A., Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Bentham, G. (1840) Plantas Hartwegianas. Imprimis Mexicanas. G. Pamplin. London. pp. 25.
Carnevali, G., Ramírez-Morillo, I. & González-Iturbe, J.A. (2003) Flora y vegetación de la Península de Yucatán. In: Colunga-GarcíaMarín, P. & Larqué-Saavedra, A. (Eds.) Naturaleza y Sociedad del Área Maya: Pasado, Presente y Futuro. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Mérida, Yucatán, México. pp. 53–68.
Carnevali, G., Duno, R., Tapia Muñoz, J.L. & Ramírez, I.M. (2010) Reassessment of Zephyranthes (Amaryllidaceae) in the Yucatán Peninsula including a new species, Z. orellanae. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 137 (1): 39–48. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666625
Carnevali, G., Trejo-Torres, J.C., Juárez-Jaimes, V., Duno, R., Tapia-muñoz, J.L., Ramírez-morillo, I.M. & Cetzal-IX, W. (2016) Marsdenia calichicola (Apocynaceae), a narrow endemic, endangered new species from the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula. Phytotaxa 270 (2): 17. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.2.7
Carnevali, G., Ramírez-Morillo, I., Pérez-Sarabia, J.E., Tapia-Muñoz, J.L., Estrada Medina, H., Cetzal-IX, W, Hernández-Aguilar, S., Can Itza, L.L., Raigoza Flores, N.E., Duno de Stefano, R. & Romero-González, G.A. (2021) Assessing the risk of extinction of vascular plants endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula Biotic Province by means of distributional data. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 106: 424–457. https://doi.org/10.3417/2021661
Durán, R., Campos, G., Trejo, J.C., Simá, P., May Pat, F. & Juan-Qui, M. (2000) Listado florístico de la Península de Yucatán. Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán. Mérida, Yucatán, México. 259 pp.
ESRI (2011) ArcGIS Desktop: Release 10. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute.
Fassett, N. (1955) Echinodorus in the American tropics. Rhodora 57 (677): 133–156. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1955.57.1.02a00180
Faegri, K. & van der Pijl, L. (1979) The principles of Pollination Ecology. Pergamon Press. New York, USA. 244 pp. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-023160-0.50020-7
Grisebach, A.H.R. (1866) Catalogus plantarum cubensium exhibens collectionem Wrightianam aliasque minores ex Insula Cuba missas. Lipsae. Apud Guilielmum Engelmann. 301 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.177
Gutiérrez Báez, C. (2000) Listado Florístico actualizado del estado de Campeche, México. Universidad Autónoma de Campeche. Campeche. 95 pp.
Gutiérrez Báez, C. (2006) Lista de especies de plantas acuáticas vasculares de la península de Yucatán, México. Polibotánica 21: 75–87. [http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-27682006000100075&lng=es&tlng=es]
Hooker, S.D. (1887) On Hydrothrix, a new genus of Pontederiaceae. Annals of Botany, Oxford 1: 89?94. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a089056
Hooker, W.J. & Greville, R.K. (1830 [1829]) Icones Filicum. Vol. 2. Treuttel & Wu?rtz, Treuttel Fil. & Richter etc., London.
Horn, C.N. (1985) A systematic revision of the genus Heteranthera (sensu lato; Pontederiaceae). Ph.D. thesis, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA.
Horn, C.N. (2002) Pontederiaceae In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) Flora of North America, Vol. 26. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, U.S.A. pp. 37–46. [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10722]
IUCN (2010) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.3. (http:// www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 05 April 2020)
Koehne, B.A.E. (1900) Lythraceae novae. Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 29 (1): 154–160.
Kunth, K.S. (1816) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) vol. 1: Lutetiae Parisiorum, Sumtibus Librariae Graeco-Latino-Germanicae
Kunth, K.S. (1843) Enumeratio Plantarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum. Vol. 4. Stutgardiae et Tubingae. 752 pp.
Jacquin, N.J. von. (1768) Observationum Botanicarum. Vol. 3. Officina Krausiana, Viena, 22 pp.
JSTOR Global Plants (2021) Available from: https://plants.jstor.org (accessed 5 April 2020)
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. vol. 1. Holmiae. Laurentii Salvii. 559 pp.
MacMillan, C. (1892) The Metaspermae of the Minnesota Valley 138: 1?826.
Martius, K.F.P. von (1823) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. Munich, published by the author.
McVaugh, R. (1987) Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico. Vol. 5: Leguminosae. University of Michigan. 786 pp.
Mears, J.A. (1982) A summary of Blutaparon Rafinesque including species earlier known as Philoxerus R. Brown (Amaranthaceae). Taxon 31 (1): 111–117. https://doi.org/10.2307/1220598
Miller, P. (1768) The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of Cultivating and Improving the Kitchen, Fruit, and Flower Garden, and Nursery; also for Performing the Practical Parts of Agriculture: including the Management of Vineyards, ... The Eighth Edition, .... Printed for the Author, London, unpaged. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.541
Mora-Olivo, A., Villaseñor, J.L. & Martínez, M. (2013) Las plantas vasculares acuáticas estrictas y su conservación en México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 103: 27–63. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm103.2013.50
Novelo, A. & Lot, A. (1994) 252. Pontederiaceae. In: Davidse, G., Sousa, M. & Chater, A.O. (Eds.) Flora Mesoamericana, vol. 6, Alismataceae a Cyperaceae. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. pp. 65–71.
Olmsted, I., Durán, R., González-Iturbe, J.A., Granados, J. & Tun, F. (1999) Vegetación. In: García de Fuentes, A. & Córdoba, J. (Eds.) Atlas de procesos territoriales de Yucatán. Facultad de Arquitectura, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México. 255 pp.
Pellegrini, M. (2016) Two new synonyms in Heteranthera (Pontederiaceae, Commelinales). Nordic Journal of Botany 35 (1): 124?128. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01152
Pellegrini, M. & Horn, C.N. (2017) Two peculiar new species of Heteranthera Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae) from Brazil, with notes on inflorescence architecture in the family. PhytoKeys 82: 35–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.82.13752
Pellegrini, M., Horn, C.N. & Almeida, R.F. (2018) Total evidence phylogeny of Pontederiaceae (Commelinales) sheds light on the necessity of its recircumscription and synopsis of Pontederia L. PhytoKeys 108: 25–83. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.108.27652
Presl, C.B. (1827) Reliquiae Haenkeanae Pragae. Vol. 1. Apud J. G. Calve bibliopolam, Pragae. 356 pp.
Presl, C.B. (1830) Symbolae Botanicae, sive, Descriptiones et icones plantarum novarum aut minus cognitarum. Vol. 1. Praga, umtibus auctoris E. Typographia J. Spurny. 30 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12413
Ruiz López, H. & Pavón, J.A. (1794) Flora Peruviana, et Chilensis. Vol. 1. Prodromus, Imprenta Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid. 456 pp.
Ruiz, H. & J. Pavon. (1798) Systema vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis, characteres prodromi genericos differentiales, specierum omnium differentias, durationem, loca natalia, tempus florendi, nomina vernacula, vires et usus nonnullis illustrationibus interspersis complectens. Madrid, Typis Gabrielis de Sancha. 78 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.887
Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1830) Pontederia Kunth In: Schultes, J.A. & Schultes, J.H. (Eds.) Systema Vegetabilium 7 (2). Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart. pp. 1137–1148.
Solms, H.M.C.L.F. (1882) Monographiae Phanerogamarum. G. Masson. Paris.
Sosa, V., Flores, J.S., Rico-Gray, V., Lira, R. & Ortiz, J.J. (1985) Lista Florística y Sinonimia Maya. In: Sosa, V. (Ed.) Etnoflora Yucatanense. fasc. 1. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos. Xalapa, Veracruz, México. 225 pp.
Sousa, D.J.L., Campelo, M.J.A. & Matias, L.Q. (2018) Flora do Ceará: Pontederiaceae. Rodriguésia 69 (4): 1641–1657. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869412
Sprengel, K.P.J. (1825) Caroli Linnæi, ... Systema Vegetabilium. Editio Decima Sexta, Curante Curtio Sprengel… Volumen II. Classis 6–15. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Göttingen. 939 pp.
Standley, P.C. (1930) Flora of Yucatán. Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Serie 3 (3): 157–492.
Swartz, O. (1788) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum seu Prodromus. Bibliopoliis Acad. M. Swederi, Holmiae, Upsaliae & Aboae. 152 pp.
Thiers, B. (2020 onwards) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 29 April 2020)
Villaseñor, J.L. (2016) Catálogo de las plantas vasculares nativas de México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (3): 559–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmb.2016.06.017
Watson, S. (1833) Contribution to America Botany. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 18: 96–196. https://doi.org/10.2307/25138689
Willdenow, C.L. (1801) Zehn neue Gattungen Pflanzen von demselben. Neue Schriften, Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 3: 433–453.