Abstract
During a survey of some exsiccata samples from Rabenhorst’s Die Algen Sachen’s und Europa’s, two Staurosirella taxa that could not be identified using the currently available literature were observed in a sample from the Swiss Alps, collected in 1863 CE. The two taxa occurred together with a large population of S. neopinnata and were studied using detailed light and scanning electron microscopy. Based on the obtained observations on their morphology, and after comparing both taxa with all currently known Staurosirella and some Staurosira species, both are described as new. Staurosirella coutelasiana Van de Vijver sp. nov. is characterized in having a linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, isopolar valve outline with small apical pore fields on both apices. The second new species, S. minutissima Van de Vijver sp. nov., is a small-celled Staurosirella species and possesses short lineolae, an almost flat valve surface and small apical pore fields. Both species are extensively illustrated and discussed. Their ecological preferences are derived from the associated diatom flora in the sample and point to oligotrophic, calcium-carbonate rich, oligosaprobic conditions.
References
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Cleve, P.T. (1894) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Part I. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Series 4 26 (2): 1–194.
Cox, E.J. & Ross, R. (1981) The striae of pennate diatoms. In: Ross, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms. Budapest, September 1–5, 1980. Taxonomy · Morphology · Ecology · Biology. Otto Koeltz, Koenigstein. pp. 267–278.
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Morales, E.A, Wetzel, C.E, Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2015) Morphological studies on type material of widely cited araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia 54 (5): 455–470. https://doi.org/10.2216/15-21.1
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Rusanov, A.G., Ector, L., Morales, E.A., Kiss, K.T. & Ács, É. (2018) Morphometric analyses of Staurosira inflata comb. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) and the morphologically related Staurosira tabellaria from north-western Russia. European Journal of Phycology 53 (3): 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1452050
Seeligmann, C.T., Maidana, N.I. & Morales, E.A. (2018) Fragilariaceae (Bacillariophyta) en humedales de altura de Catamarca (Argentina). Boletín Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 53 (4): 507–519. http://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v53.n4.21975
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Cleve, P.T. (1894) Synopsis of the naviculoid diatoms. Part I. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar Series 4 26 (2): 1–194.
Cox, E.J. & Ross, R. (1981) The striae of pennate diatoms. In: Ross, R. (ed.) Proceedings of the Sixth Symposium on Recent and Fossil Diatoms. Budapest, September 1–5, 1980. Taxonomy · Morphology · Ecology · Biology. Otto Koeltz, Koenigstein. pp. 267–278.
Cramer, C.E. (1863) Algologische Notizien. Hedwigia 11: 61–66.
Ehrenberg, C.G (1830) Organisation, Systematik und geographisches Verhältniss der Infusionsthierchen. Zwei verträge. 1828: 1–108, pls I–VIII.
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1854) Zur Microgeologie. Leipzig: Verlag von Leopold Voss. pp. [1]–31, 40 pls [Taf. I–XXXX].
Fusey, P. (1951) Contribution à la flore algologique de Bretagne. Diatomées de la Région de Corlay (Côtes-du-Nord). Bulletin de Microscopie Appliquée, Paris, 2nd series 1 (2): 31–50.
Guerrero, J.M., Luján García, M. & Morales, E.A. (2019) Staurosirella andino-patagonica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) from lake sediments in Patagonia, Argentina. Phytotaxa 402 (3): 131–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.3.1
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2022) AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway. Available from: https://www.algaebase.org (accessed 12 April 2022).
Heiden, H. (1900) Diatomeen des Coventer Sees bei Doberan von der Litorina bis zur Jetztzeit. Mitteilungen aus der Grossherzoglich Mecklenburg Geologisches Landesanstalt 10 (21): 1–32.
Hustedt, F. (1937) Sußwasserdiatomeen von Island, Spitzbergen und den Färöer-Inseln. Botanisches Archiv 38: 152–207.
Hustedt, F. (1943) Die Diatomeenflora einiger Hochgebirgsseen der Landschaft Davos in den schweizer Alpen. Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 43: 124–197, 225–280.
Kociolek, J.P. (2004) Annotated Listing of Diatom Types in Rabenhorst‘s DieAlgen Europa‘s 1848–1882, and a Consideration of Their Nomenclatural Status. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 55 (13): 255–299.
Krammer, K. (2002) Cymbella. In: Diatoms of Europe 3. 584 pp.
Kulikovskiy, M.S., Lange-Bertalot, H. & Kuznetsova, I.V. (2015) Lake Baikal: hotspot of endemic diatoms II. Iconographia Diatomologica 26: 1–656.
Kützing, F.T. (1844) Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen: zu finden bei W. Köhne. pp. [i–vii], [1]–152.
Kützing, F.T. (1849) Species algarum. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: F.A. Brockhaus. pp. [i]–vi, [1]–922.
Lange-Bertalot, H. & Moser, G. (1994) Brachysira. Monographie der Gattung und Naviculadicta nov. gen. Biblioteca Diatomologica 29: 1–212.
Levkov, Z. & Williams, D.M. (2011) Fifteen new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from Lake Ohrid, Macedonia. Phytotaxa 30: 1–41. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.30.1.1
Lyngbye, H.C. (1819) Tentamen hydrophytologiae danicae continens omnia hydrophyta cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae hucusque cognita, systematice disposita, descripta et iconibus illustrata, adjectis simul speciebus norvegicis. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae. pp. [i]–xxxii, [1]–248, 70 pls.
Morales, E.A. (2001) Morphological studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Conneticut waters (U.S.A.). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 151: 105–120. https://doi.org/10.1635/0097-3157(2001)151[0105:MSISFD]2.0.CO;2
Morales, E.A. & Edlund, M.B. (2003) Studies in selected fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from Lake Hovsgol, Mongolia. Phycological Research 51 (4): 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2003..x
Morales, E.A. (2005) Observations of the morphology of some known and new fragilarioid diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in the USA. Phycological Research 53 (2): 113–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-183.2005.00378.x
Morales, E. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006a) Staurosirella incognita Morales et Manoylov sp. nov., a non-spiny species from North America, with an emended description of Staurosirella Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae). In: Witkowski, A. (Ed.) Proceedings of the Eighteenth International Diatom Symposium, Miedzyzdroje, Poland. pp. 325–336.
Morales, E. & Manoylov, K.M. (2006b) Morphological studies on selected taxa in the genus Staurosirella Williams et Round (Bacillariophyceae) from rivers in North America. Diatom Research 21 (2): 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1080/0269249X.2006.9705674
Morales, E.A., Manoylov, K.M. & Bahls, L.L. (2010a) Three new araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from rivers in North America. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 160: 29–46. [http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1635/053.160.0105]
Morales, E.A., Edlund, M.B. & Spaulding, S.A. (2010b) Description and ultrastructure of araphid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) morphologically similar to Pseudostaurosira elliptica (Schumann) Edlund et al. Phycological Research 58: 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2010.00567.x
Morales, E.A., Novais, M.H., Chávez, G., Hoffmann, L. & Ector, L. (2012) Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) from the Bolivian Altiplano: three new araphid species from the Desaguadero River draining Lake Titicaca. Fottea 12 (1): 41–58. https://doi.org/10.5507/fot.2012.004
Morales, E.A, Wetzel, C.E, Van de Vijver, B. & Ector, L. (2015) Morphological studies on type material of widely cited araphid diatoms (Bacillariophyta). Phycologia 54 (5): 455–470. https://doi.org/10.2216/15-21.1
Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Haworth, E.Y. & Ector, L. (2019a) Ending a 175-year taxonomic uncertainty: Description of Staurosirella neopinnata sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta) to accommodate Fragilaria pinnata, a highly misconstrued taxon with a purported worldwide distribution. Phytotaxa 402 (2): 75–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.2.1
Morales, E.A., Wetzel, C.E., Novais, M.H., Buczkó, K., Morais, M.M. & Ector, L. (2019) Morphological reconsideration of the araphid genus Pseudostaurosira (Bacillariophyceae), a revision of Gedaniella, Popovskayella and Serratifera, and a description of a new Nanofrustulum species. Plant Ecology and Evolution 152 (2): 262–284. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2019.1604
Ognjanova-Rumenova, N., Buczkó, K., Wojtal, A.Z. & Jahn, R. (2015) Staurosirella rhombus (Ehrenberg), Ognjanova-Rumenova, Buczkó, Wojtal & R. Jahn, comb. nov.- Typification, morphology and biostratigraphic significance. Phytotaxa 218 (3): 279–288. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.3.6
Osório, N.C., Ector, L., Rodrigues, L. & Wetzel, C.E. (2021) Staurosirella paranaensis sp. nov., a new epiphytic freshwater diatom (Bacillariophyceae) from the Paraná River floodplain, Brazil, South America. Phytotaxa 480 (2): 163–173. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.480.2.5
Pinseel, E., Guiry, M.D. & Van de Vijver, B. (2021) Observations and typification of Pinnularia rabenhorstii Hilse (Pinnulariaceae, Bacillariophyta). Notulae Algarum 191: 1–4.
Rabenhorst, G.L. (1848–1860) Die Algen Sachsens. Resp. Mittel-Europa‘s Gesammelt und herausgegeben von Dr. L. Rabenhorst, Dec. 1–100. No. 1–1000. Dresden.
Rabenhorst, G.L. (1861–1882) Die Algen Europa’s, Fortsetzung der Algen Sachsens, resp. Mittel-Europa’s. Decades I–CIX, numbers 1–1600 (or 1001-2600). Dresden.
Ross, R., Cox, E.J., Karayeva, N.I., Mann, D.G., Paddock, T.B.B., Simonsen, R. & Sims, P.A. (1979) An amended terminology for the siliceous components of the diatom cell. Nova Hedwigia, Beiheft 64: 513–533.
Rusanov, A.G., Ector, L., Morales, E.A., Kiss, K.T. & Ács, É. (2018) Morphometric analyses of Staurosira inflata comb. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) and the morphologically related Staurosira tabellaria from north-western Russia. European Journal of Phycology 53 (3): 336–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670262.2018.1452050
Seeligmann, C.T., Maidana, N.I. & Morales, E.A. (2018) Fragilariaceae (Bacillariophyta) en humedales de altura de Catamarca (Argentina). Boletín Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 53 (4): 507–519. http://doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v53.n4.21975
Smith, W. (1856) A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae; with remarks on their structure, functions and distribution; and instructions for collecting and preserving specimens. Vol. 2. pp. [i–vi]–xxix, 1–107.
Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1983) Taxonomic literature, volume IV: P–Sak (2nd ed.). Utrecht, Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema; The Hague, Boston: dr. W. Junk Publishers. 1214 pp.
Stafleu, F.A. & Cowan, R.S. (1988) Taxonomic literature, volume VII: W–Z (2nd ed.). Utrecht, Antwerpen: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema; The Hague, Boston: dr. W. Junk Publishers. 653 pp.
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