Abstract
A new species of Pseudocercospora is discovered causing foliar disease on the medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina (Apocynaceae) from India. The new species is described and illustrated on the morphology of asexual-morphs, growth characters and multigene phylogeny. Morphologically, new species has similar characters with allied species in Pseudocercospora but differs in having catenate and branched conidia. Phylogenetic analysis using combined LSU, ITS, ACT and TEF1α data supports the isolate to be a new species of Pseudocercospora (Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae).
References
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<p>Bakhshi, M., Arzanlou, M., Babai-Ahari, A., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2014) Multi-gene analysis of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> spp. from Iran. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 184: 245–264. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.5.1</p>
<p>Braun, U. (1995) <em>A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera</em> (<em>phytopathogenic hyphomycetes</em>). Vol. 1. Eching: IHWVerlag</p>
<p> Braun, U. & Urtiaga, R. (2012) New species and new records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Cuba and Venezuela (Part 1). <em>Mycosphere</em> 3 (3): 301–329. https://doi10.5943/mycosphere/3/3/5</p>
<p>Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. <em>Mycologia</em> 93 (3): 553–556.</p>
<p>Chen, Y.J., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhunjun, C.S., Harishchandra, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2020)<em> Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov</em>. (Mycosphaerellaceae) on<strong> </strong><em>Dypsis lutescens</em> leaves in Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 474 (3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.2</p>
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<p>Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Hunter, G.C., Burgess, T.I., Andjic, V., Barber, P.A. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2009) Unravelling <em>Mycosphaerella</em>: do you believe in genera? <em>Persoonia</em> 23: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X479487</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Braun, U., Hunter, G.C., Verkley, G.J.M., Shin, H.D., Nakashima, C. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in <em>Pseudocercospora</em>. <em>Studies in Mycology </em>75: 37–114. https://doi:10.3114/sim0005</p>
<p>Deighton, F.C. (1976) Studies on <em>Cercospora </em>and allied genera. VI. <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg., <em>Pantospora </em>Cif. and <em>Cercoseptoria </em>Petr. <em>Mycological Papers</em>140: 1–168.</p>
<p>Kamal (2010) <em>Cercosporoid fungi of India</em>. Bishan Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun (UK), India. 160 pp.</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. <em>Nucleic Acid Research</em> 32 (5): 1792–1797. https://doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340</p>
<p>Meswaet, Y., Mangelsdorff, R., Yorou, N.S. & Piepenbring, M. (2021) Unravelling unexplored diversity of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycospaerellales, Ascomycota) in tropical Africa. <em>Mycokeys</em> 81: 69–138. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67850</p>
<p>Nakashima, C., Motohashi, K., Chenm, C.Y., Johannes, Z., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2016) Species diversity of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> from Far East Asia. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 15: 1093–1117. https://doi 10.1007/s11557-016-1231-7</p>
<p>Park, J.H., Hong, S.B., Kim, B.S., Kim, J.Y. & Shin, H.D. (2015) <em>Pseudocercospora </em>leaf spot caused by <em>Pseudocercospora nymphaeacea</em> on <em>Nymphaea tetragona</em>. <em>Tropical Plant Pathology </em>40: 401–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-015-0054-4</p>
<p>Prajapati, N.D., Purohit, S.S., Sharma, A.K. & Kumar, T. (2003) <em>A handbook of medicinal plants: A complete source book</em>; Agrobios (India). 436–437.</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree version 1.4.0. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 10 April 2020)</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P.V.D., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, H., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Shivas, R.G., Marney, T.S., Tan, Y.P. & McTaggart, A.R (2015) Novel species of <em>Cercospora</em> and <em>Pseudocercospora</em> (Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae) from Australia. <em>Fungal Biology</em> 119: 362–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2014.09.004</p>
<p>Singh, A. (2012) New report of <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg. on some medicinal plants from Sonebhadra forest UP. <em>Biological forum- An International Journal</em> 4 (1): 9–13.</p>
<p>Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012a) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India with reference to their infection by foliar fungi. <em>Journal of Medicinal Plants Research</em> 6 (14): 2727–2746. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.895</p>
<p>Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012b) New host record of <em>Cercospora apii </em>s.lat. on medicinal plant: <em>Diplocyclos palmatus</em> (Linn.)Jeffery from India; <em>Journal of New Biological Reports</em> 1 (1): 9–11</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> causing foliar disease on <em>Ficus religiosa</em> from forest flora of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pardesh, India. <em>Mycosphere </em>3 (5): 890–892. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) <em>Corynespora clerodendrigena sp.nov</em>. causing foliar disease on <em>Clerodendrum viscosum</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Plant Pathology and Quarantine </em>3 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2014) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Current Research in Environment and Applied Mycology</em> 4 (1): 149–151. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/1/14</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, N.K., Singh, P.N., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2019) Additions to <em>Ochroconis</em> from India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>427 (3): 186–199. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, P.N., Nath, G. & Dubey, N.K. (2021) Phylogeny and Taxonomy of a novel species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> from India. Turkish Journal of Botany 45: 172–180. https://doi:10.3906/bot-2012-27</p>
<p>Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: Combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 7 https://doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-7</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246.</p>
<p>Warrier, P.K., Nambiar, V.P.K. & Ramakutty, C. (1995<em>) Indian medicinal plants: a compendium</em> <em>of 500 species</em>, Orient Longman limited, 409.</p>
<p>Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online tool box for FASTA sequences. <em>Molecular Ecology Notes</em> 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) <em>Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics</em>. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (Eds.) <em>A guide to molecular methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York. pp. 315–322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yadav, S., Verma, S.K., Singh, V.K., Singh, R., Singh, A. & Kumar, S. (2021) A new species of <em>Pseudocercospora haldiniae </em>on <em>Haldina cordifolia</em> from Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 501 (2): 281–292. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.3</p>
<p>Alves, A., Crous, P.W., Correia, A. & Phillips, A.J.L. (2008) Morphological and molecular data reveal cryptic speciation in <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em>. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 28: 1–13.</p>
<p>Bakhshi, M., Arzanlou, M., Babai-Ahari, A., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2014) Multi-gene analysis of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> spp. from Iran. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 184: 245–264. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.5.1</p>
<p>Braun, U. (1995) <em>A monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and allied genera</em> (<em>phytopathogenic hyphomycetes</em>). Vol. 1. Eching: IHWVerlag</p>
<p> Braun, U. & Urtiaga, R. (2012) New species and new records of cercosporoid hyphomycetes from Cuba and Venezuela (Part 1). <em>Mycosphere</em> 3 (3): 301–329. https://doi10.5943/mycosphere/3/3/5</p>
<p>Carbone, I. & Kohn, L.M. (1999) A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. <em>Mycologia</em> 93 (3): 553–556.</p>
<p>Chen, Y.J., Jayawardena, R.S., Bhunjun, C.S., Harishchandra, D. & Hyde, K.D. (2020)<em> Pseudocercospora dypsidis sp. nov</em>. (Mycosphaerellaceae) on<strong> </strong><em>Dypsis lutescens</em> leaves in Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 474 (3): 218–234. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.474.3.2</p>
<p>Crous, P.W. & Braun, U. (2003<em>) Mycosphaerella and its Anamorphs. 1. Names published in Cercospora and Passalora</em>. CBS Biodiversity Series no. 1, Utrecht, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Summerell, B.A., Carnegie, A.J., Wingfield, M.J., Hunter, G.C., Burgess, T.I., Andjic, V., Barber, P.A. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2009) Unravelling <em>Mycosphaerella</em>: do you believe in genera? <em>Persoonia</em> 23: 99–118. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158509X479487</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Braun, U., Hunter, G.C., Verkley, G.J.M., Shin, H.D., Nakashima, C. & Groenewald, J.Z. (2013) Phylogenetic lineages in <em>Pseudocercospora</em>. <em>Studies in Mycology </em>75: 37–114. https://doi:10.3114/sim0005</p>
<p>Deighton, F.C. (1976) Studies on <em>Cercospora </em>and allied genera. VI. <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg., <em>Pantospora </em>Cif. and <em>Cercoseptoria </em>Petr. <em>Mycological Papers</em>140: 1–168.</p>
<p>Kamal (2010) <em>Cercosporoid fungi of India</em>. Bishan Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh Publication, Dehradun (UK), India. 160 pp.</p>
<p>Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. <em>Nucleic Acid Research</em> 32 (5): 1792–1797. https://doi:10.1093/nar/gkh340</p>
<p>Meswaet, Y., Mangelsdorff, R., Yorou, N.S. & Piepenbring, M. (2021) Unravelling unexplored diversity of cercosporoid fungi (Mycosphaerellaceae, Mycospaerellales, Ascomycota) in tropical Africa. <em>Mycokeys</em> 81: 69–138. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.67850</p>
<p>Nakashima, C., Motohashi, K., Chenm, C.Y., Johannes, Z., Groenewald, J.Z. & Crous, P.W. (2016) Species diversity of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> from Far East Asia. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 15: 1093–1117. https://doi 10.1007/s11557-016-1231-7</p>
<p>Park, J.H., Hong, S.B., Kim, B.S., Kim, J.Y. & Shin, H.D. (2015) <em>Pseudocercospora </em>leaf spot caused by <em>Pseudocercospora nymphaeacea</em> on <em>Nymphaea tetragona</em>. <em>Tropical Plant Pathology </em>40: 401–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40858-015-0054-4</p>
<p>Prajapati, N.D., Purohit, S.S., Sharma, A.K. & Kumar, T. (2003) <em>A handbook of medicinal plants: A complete source book</em>; Agrobios (India). 436–437.</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2018) FigTree version 1.4.0. Available from: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 10 April 2020)</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., Mark, P.V.D., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, H., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: Efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029</p>
<p>Shivas, R.G., Marney, T.S., Tan, Y.P. & McTaggart, A.R (2015) Novel species of <em>Cercospora</em> and <em>Pseudocercospora</em> (Capnodiales, Mycosphaerellaceae) from Australia. <em>Fungal Biology</em> 119: 362–369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2014.09.004</p>
<p>Singh, A. (2012) New report of <em>Pseudocercospora </em>Speg. on some medicinal plants from Sonebhadra forest UP. <em>Biological forum- An International Journal</em> 4 (1): 9–13.</p>
<p>Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012a) An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sonebhadra District of Uttar Pradesh, India with reference to their infection by foliar fungi. <em>Journal of Medicinal Plants Research</em> 6 (14): 2727–2746. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR10.895</p>
<p>Singh, A. & Dubey, N.K. (2012b) New host record of <em>Cercospora apii </em>s.lat. on medicinal plant: <em>Diplocyclos palmatus</em> (Linn.)Jeffery from India; <em>Journal of New Biological Reports</em> 1 (1): 9–11</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2012) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> causing foliar disease on <em>Ficus religiosa</em> from forest flora of Sonebhadra, Uttar Pardesh, India. <em>Mycosphere </em>3 (5): 890–892. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S. & Dubey, N.K. (2013) <em>Corynespora clerodendrigena sp.nov</em>. causing foliar disease on <em>Clerodendrum viscosum</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Plant Pathology and Quarantine </em>3 (1): 15–17. https://doi.org/10.5943/ppq/3/1/3</p>
<p>Singh, A., Kumar, S., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2014) A new species of <em>Corynespora</em> from Sonebhadra forest of Uttar Pradesh, India. <em>Current Research in Environment and Applied Mycology</em> 4 (1): 149–151. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/4/1/14</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, N.K., Singh, P.N., Singh, R. & Dubey, N.K. (2019) Additions to <em>Ochroconis</em> from India. <em>Phytotaxa </em>427 (3): 186–199. http://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.427.3.2</p>
<p>Singh, A., Singh, P.N., Nath, G. & Dubey, N.K. (2021) Phylogeny and Taxonomy of a novel species of <em>Pseudocercospora</em> from India. Turkish Journal of Botany 45: 172–180. https://doi:10.3906/bot-2012-27</p>
<p>Stöver, B.C. & Müller, K.F. (2010) TreeGraph 2: Combining and visualizing evidence from different phylogenetic analyses. BMC Bioinformatics 11: 7 https://doi:10.1186/1471-2105-11-7</p>
<p>Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 28: 2731–2739. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246.</p>
<p>Warrier, P.K., Nambiar, V.P.K. & Ramakutty, C. (1995<em>) Indian medicinal plants: a compendium</em> <em>of 500 species</em>, Orient Longman limited, 409.</p>
<p>Villesen, P. (2007) FaBox: an online tool box for FASTA sequences. <em>Molecular Ecology Notes</em> 7 (6): 965–968. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01821.x</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) <em>Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylognetics</em>. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, J.W. (Eds.) <em>A guide to molecular methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York. pp. 315–322. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Yadav, S., Verma, S.K., Singh, V.K., Singh, R., Singh, A. & Kumar, S. (2021) A new species of <em>Pseudocercospora haldiniae </em>on <em>Haldina cordifolia</em> from Srinagar, Uttarakhand, India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 501 (2): 281–292. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.3</p>