Abstract
Prior to this study, only four native bamboo species: Guadua longifolia, G. velutina, Lithachne pauciflora and Olyra latifolia, had been recorded in the state of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. However, the ecological and geographical distribution of those species were unknown. Two questions are addressed in this study: How many native bamboo species are there in San Luis Potosí? and, what is the geographical and ecological distribution of those species? The botanical exploration was carried out in 2019 and 2020. The geographical and ecological distribution was determined with a record of herbaria specimens and a botanical exploration. Multivariate methods and a similarity index were used to analyze the information of bamboo species in 13 sub-basins of the Huasteca Potosina (HP). The study registered seven native species, of which five are woody species: Chusquea enigmatica, Guadua aff. longifolia, G. velutina, Otatea acuminata and Riphidocladum racemiflorum, and two are herbaceous species: Lithachne pauciflora and Olyra latifolia. The study also found that G. velutina is the most frequent native species in the study area, registered in 12 of the 13 sub-basins mapped. The species with the least frequency were C. enigmatica and O. acuminata, registered in only one sub-basin each. The sub-basins with the highest richness were located in a strip along the slopes of the Sierra Madre Oriental (the SMOR). The seven native bamboo species in San Luis Potosí are distributed in the HP region, from the windward side of the SMOR to its extension to the Gulf Coastal Plain (GCP), in an elevation range of 15–1815 m asl. These seven native species are distributed throughout the SMOR, whereas the G. velutina predominates in GCP. The distance from water bodies is a determining factor in the distribution of species, especially G. velutina, identified in the present study as a riparian species.
References
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Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. (1980) Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42: 47–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048870
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Kunth, K.S. (1822) Sur le genre Bambusa. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 95: 148–151
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Lobovikov, M., Paudel, S., Piazza, M., Ren, H. & Wu, J. (2007) World bamboo resources. A thematic study prepared in the framework of the global Forest Resources Assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization & International Network of Bamboo and Rattan, Rome, 37 pp.
Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (1991) Miscellaneous new taxa of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambuseae) from Colombia, Ecuador and México. Nordic Journal of Botany 11: 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1991.tb01412.x
McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148. https://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9
McCune, B. & Mefford, M.J. (1999) PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 6.0. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, 237 pp.
Michaux, A. (1803) Flora Boreali-Americana: sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit. Paris and Strasbourg, Levrault, 330 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.330
Munro, W. (1868) A monograph of the Bambusaceae, including descriptions of all the species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 26: 1–157. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1968.tb00502.x
Reyes-Hernández, H., Aguilar R., M., Aguirre R., J.R. & Trejo Vázquez, I. (2006) Cambios en la cubierta vegetal y uso del suelo en el área del proyecto Pujal-Coy, San Luis Potosí, México, 1973-2000. Investigaciones Geográficas 59: 26-42. https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.30019
Ruiz-Sanchez E. (2019) Los bambués de México: diversidad, conservación y uso. Biodiversitas 143: 13–16.
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Zamora-Tavares, M.Del.P. (2021a) Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico. Taxon 70: 747–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12462
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Clark, L.G., Londoño, X., Mejía-Saulés, T. & Rodríguez, G.C. (2015) Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico. Phytotaxa 236: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.1
Ruiz Sanchez, E., Mendoza-González, G. & Rojas-Soto, O. (2018) Mexican priority bamboo species under scenarios of climate change. Botanical Sciences 96: 11–23. https://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1206
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, T. & Clark, L.G. (2014) A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species. Phytotaxa 163: 16–26. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.1
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, T. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A new species of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico. Phytotaxa 542: 199–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Munguía-Lino, G., Vargas-Amado, G. & Rodríguez, A. (2020) Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz062
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzmán, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b) Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, ambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa 497: 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D. & Vigosa-Mercado, L. (2021c) An overlooked new endemic species of Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) from Mexico. Systematic Botany 46: 333–338. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047569
Rzedowski, J. (1963) El extremo boreal del bosque tropical siempre verde en Norteamérica continental. Vegetatio 11: 173–198.
Sánchez-Ken, J.G. (2019) Species richness, classification and a checklist of the grasses (Poaceae) of Mexico. Acta Botánica Mexicana 126: 1–73. https://doi.org/10.21829/ABM126.2019.1379
SEGAM (2008) Ordenamiento Ecológico del estado de San Luis Potosí. Secretaría de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, San Luis Potosí, SLP. 136 pp.
Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010
Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G, Zuloaga, F.O., Judziewicz, E.J. & Morrone, O. (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53: 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
Steudel, E.G. (1854) Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum, Pars I: Synopsis Plantarum Graminearum. J. B Metzler, Stuttgart, 475 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.471
Swartz, O.P. (1788) Nova Genera & Species Plantarum seu Prodromus descriptionum Vegetabilium, maximam partem incognitorum quae sub itinere in Indian Occidentalem annis 1783-87. Holmiae [etc.] In Bibliopoliis Acad. M. Swederi, 158 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4400
Thiers, B. (2020) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/]
Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R. & Baker, W.J. (2016) World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans, International Network of Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, 454 pp.
Calderón, C.E. & Soderstrom, T.R. (1980) The genera of Bambusoideae (Poaceae) of the American Continent: keys and comments. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 44: 1–27. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.44
Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sánchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. In: Liese, W. & Kohl, M. (Eds.) Bamboo The plant and its uses. Springer, Switzerland, pp. 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1
Contreras S., C. (2019) Clima. In: CONABIO La biodiversidad en San Luis Potosí, estudio de estado. Volume 1. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y Gobierno del Estado de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP. pp. 39–43. [https://bioteca.biodiversidad.gob.mx/janium/Documentos/15102.pdf]
Davidse, G. & Pohl, R.W. (1992) New taxa and nomenclatural combination of Mesoamerican grasses (Poaceae). Novon 2: 81–110. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3391667
Fournier, E. (1886) Mexicanas plantas nuper a collectoribus expeditionis scientificae allatas: aut longis ab annis in herbario musei parisiensis depositas /praeside J. Decaisne; enumerandas curavit Eug. Fournier. ex Typographeo Republicae, Paris, 166 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.475
Galindo M., M.G. (2019) Recursos hídricos. In: CONABIO La biodiversidad en San Luis Potosí, estudio de estado. Volume 1. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y Gobierno del Estado de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP. pp 45–51. [https://bioteca.biodiversidad.gob.mx/janium/Documentos/15102.pdf]
Hill, M.O. & Gauch, H.G. (1980) Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio 42: 47–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048870
Ibarra Z., E. (2019) Superficie y relieve. In: CONABIO La biodiversidad en San Luis Potosí, estudio de estado. Volume 1. Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad y Gobierno del Estado de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP pp. 21–24. [https://bioteca.biodiversidad.gob.mx/janium/Documentos/15102.pdf]
INEGI (2002) Síntesis de Información Geográfica del Estado de San Luis Potosí. Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática, Ciudad de México, 112 pp.
Kunth, K.S. (1822) Sur le genre Bambusa. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’Histoire Naturelle et des Arts 95: 148–151
Linnaeus, C. (1759) Systema naturæ, sive regna tria naturæ systematice proposita per secundum classes, ordines, genera, & species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Editio Decima. Vol. 2, Theodorum Haak, Leiden, 1384 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.545
Lobovikov, M., Paudel, S., Piazza, M., Ren, H. & Wu, J. (2007) World bamboo resources. A thematic study prepared in the framework of the global Forest Resources Assessment. Food and Agriculture Organization & International Network of Bamboo and Rattan, Rome, 37 pp.
Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (1991) Miscellaneous new taxa of bamboo (Poaceae: Bambuseae) from Colombia, Ecuador and México. Nordic Journal of Botany 11: 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1991.tb01412.x
McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148. https://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9
McCune, B. & Mefford, M.J. (1999) PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 6.0. MjM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, Oregon, 237 pp.
Michaux, A. (1803) Flora Boreali-Americana: sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit. Paris and Strasbourg, Levrault, 330 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.330
Munro, W. (1868) A monograph of the Bambusaceae, including descriptions of all the species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 26: 1–157. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1968.tb00502.x
Reyes-Hernández, H., Aguilar R., M., Aguirre R., J.R. & Trejo Vázquez, I. (2006) Cambios en la cubierta vegetal y uso del suelo en el área del proyecto Pujal-Coy, San Luis Potosí, México, 1973-2000. Investigaciones Geográficas 59: 26-42. https://doi.org/10.14350/rig.30019
Ruiz-Sanchez E. (2019) Los bambués de México: diversidad, conservación y uso. Biodiversitas 143: 13–16.
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Zamora-Tavares, M.Del.P. (2021a) Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico. Taxon 70: 747–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12462
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Clark, L.G., Londoño, X., Mejía-Saulés, T. & Rodríguez, G.C. (2015) Morphological keys to the genera and species of bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) of Mexico. Phytotaxa 236: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.1
Ruiz Sanchez, E., Mendoza-González, G. & Rojas-Soto, O. (2018) Mexican priority bamboo species under scenarios of climate change. Botanical Sciences 96: 11–23. https://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1206
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, T. & Clark, L.G. (2014) A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species. Phytotaxa 163: 16–26. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.1
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, T. & Clark, L.G. (2022) A new species of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) endemic to Oaxaca, Mexico. Phytotaxa 542: 199–206. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Munguía-Lino, G., Vargas-Amado, G. & Rodríguez, A. (2020) Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz062
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzmán, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b) Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, ambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa 497: 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D. & Vigosa-Mercado, L. (2021c) An overlooked new endemic species of Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) from Mexico. Systematic Botany 46: 333–338. https://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047569
Rzedowski, J. (1963) El extremo boreal del bosque tropical siempre verde en Norteamérica continental. Vegetatio 11: 173–198.
Sánchez-Ken, J.G. (2019) Species richness, classification and a checklist of the grasses (Poaceae) of Mexico. Acta Botánica Mexicana 126: 1–73. https://doi.org/10.21829/ABM126.2019.1379
SEGAM (2008) Ordenamiento Ecológico del estado de San Luis Potosí. Secretaría de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, San Luis Potosí, SLP. 136 pp.
Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010
Soreng, R.J., Peterson, P.M., Romaschenko, K., Davidse, G, Zuloaga, F.O., Judziewicz, E.J. & Morrone, O. (2015) A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae). Journal of Systematics and Evolution 53: 117–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12150
Steudel, E.G. (1854) Synopsis Plantarum Glumacearum, Pars I: Synopsis Plantarum Graminearum. J. B Metzler, Stuttgart, 475 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.471
Swartz, O.P. (1788) Nova Genera & Species Plantarum seu Prodromus descriptionum Vegetabilium, maximam partem incognitorum quae sub itinere in Indian Occidentalem annis 1783-87. Holmiae [etc.] In Bibliopoliis Acad. M. Swederi, 158 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4400
Thiers, B. (2020) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/]
Vorontsova, M.S., Clark, L.G., Dransfield, J., Govaerts, R. & Baker, W.J. (2016) World Checklist of Bamboos and Rattans, International Network of Bamboo & Rattan, Beijing, 454 pp.