Abstract
The genus Micropsalliota is a group of saprotrophic mushrooms, characterized by small to medium-sized basidiomata with fibrillose-squamulose or glabrous pilei, ellipsoid to amygdaliform or cymbiform basidiospores and cheilocystidia that vary in shape from clavate to ventricose or lageniform with more or less a capitate apex. In this study, we described a new species of Micropsalliota from southern Oman. Species description is based on morphological features of basidiomata and phylogenetic analyses of nuc ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1–D2 domains of the 28S region. The new species Micropsalliota ventricocystidiata is characterized by a medium-sized basidiomata, with plano-convex pileus, covered with reddish-brown squamules and basidiospores are ellipsoid to amygdaliform with acute apex in side view and oblong in face view, measuring 7.5–8.5 × 4.5–5 µm. Morphological comparison of M. ventricocystidiata with respect to other species of the genus is provided. We discussed that species of the genus can be divided into two groups based on their pileus morphology and basidiospores size.
References
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Bookhagen, B., Thiede, R.C. & Strecker, M.R. (2005) Abnormal monsoon years and their control on erosion and sediment flux in the high, arid northwest Himalaya. Earth Planetary Science Letters 231: 131–146. https://doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.11.014
Carranza, S., Xipell, M., Tarroso, P., Gardner, A., Arnold, E.N., Robinson, M.D., Simó-Riudalbas, M., Vasconcelos, R., de Pous, P., Amat, F. & Šmíd, J. (2018) Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PloS one 13 (2): e0190389. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190389
Chen, J., Hyde, K.D., Bahkali, A.H. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) Micropsalliota brunneosquamata, a new species from Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 43: 689–694.
Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž., Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382. Persoonia 47: 178–374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06
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Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: More models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471?2148?7?214
Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbe v/mss075
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes, application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb000 05.x
Guzmán-Dávalos, L. (1992) First record of the genus Micropsalliota (Basidiomycotina, Agaricaceae) in Mexico. Mycotaxon 43: 199–205.
Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Heinemann, P. (1994) Micropsalliota subalpina nov. sp. (Agaricaceae) from Mexico. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 63: 195–199.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit 5.0.9: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
He, M.Q., Hyde, K.D., Ratchadawan, C. & Zhao, R.L. (2020) Two new species of Micropsalliota (Agaricaceae/Agaricales) from Thailand. Phytotaxa 453: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.2.5
Heinemann, P. (1956) Champignons récoltés au Congo Belge par Madame M. Goossens-Fontana. II. Agaricus Fries ss. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’état, Bruxelles 26: 1–127.
Heinemann, P. (1983) Clé de determination de Micropsalliota (Agaricaceae) et description de deux espèces nouvelles. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 53: 85–95.
Heinemann, P. (1989) Le genre Micropsalliota en Amérique tropicale et subtropicale. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 59: 459–466.
Heinemann, P. (1980) Les genres Agaricus et Micropsalliota en Malaisie et en Indonésie. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 50: 3–68.
Heinemann, P. (1976) The genus Micropsalliota. Kew Bulletin 31: 581–583.
Heinemann, P. & Little Flower, S. (1983) Micropsalliota de Kerala (Inde). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 53: 75–84.
Höhnel, F. von. (1914) Fragments sur mykologie XVI. Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 123: 49–155.
Hussain, S., Afshan, N.S., Ahmad, H., Khalid, A.N. & Niazi, A.R. (2017) Parasola malakandensis sp. nov. (Psathyrellaceae; Basidiomycota) from Malakand, Pakistan. Mycoscience 58: 69–76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.09.002
Kalyaanamoorthy, K., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14: 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
Li, J., He, M.Q. & Zhao, R. (2021) Three new species of Micropsalliota (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from China. Phytotaxa 491: 167–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.6
Madeira, F., Park, Y.M., Lee, J., Buso, N., Gur, T., Madhusoodanan, N., Basutkar, P., Tivey, A.R., Potter, S.C., Finn, R.D. & Lopez, R. (2019) The EMBLEBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019. Nucleic Acids Research 47 (W1): W636–W641. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz268
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the cipres science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November 2010; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA. pp. 1–8.
Munsell, A.H. (1992) Munsell Soil Color Charts. Macbeth: Newburgh, NY, USA.
Parra, L.A., Tan, Y., Xu, M.L., Zhou, J.L., Wang, B. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) A reexamination of Allopsalliota indicates synonymy with Micropsalliota (Agariceae, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, basidiomycota). Mycoscience 57: 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.02.005
Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L. & McMahon, T.A. (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11: 1633–1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Pegler, D.N. & Rayner, R.W. (1969) A contribution to the Agaric flora of Kenya. Kew Bulletin 23: 347–412
Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version 131. Institute of Evolutionary 623 Biology, University of Edinburgh. Available from: http://treebioedacuk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 January 2022).
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) TRACER v 1.6. Computer program and documentation distributed by the authors. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 3 January 2022).
Singer, R. (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, German, pp. 981–988.
Stadler, T. (2009) On incomplete sampling under birth-death models and connections to the sampling-based coalescent. Journal of Theoretical Biology 261: 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.07.018
Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Liu, J.K. & Vellinga, E.C. (2021) Description of lepiotaceous fungal species of the genera Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus, from Laos and Thailand. Diversity 13 (12): 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13120666
Tardelli, M. & Raffaelli, M. (2006) Some aspects of the vegetation of Dhofar (Southern Oman). Bocconea 19: 109–112.
Wei, L., Li, Y.H., Hyde, K.D. & Zhao, R.L. (2015) Micropsalliota pseudoglobocystis, a new species from China. Mycotaxon 130: 555–561. https://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.555
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zhao, R., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K., Perry, B.A., Hyde, K.D. (2010) A monograph of Micropsalliota in Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data. Fungal Diversity 45: 33–79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0050-4
Altschul, SF., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. Journal of Molecular Biology 215: 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2
Belda, M., Holtanová, E., Halenka, T. & Kalvová, J. (2014) Climate classification revisited: From Köppen to Trewartha. Climate Research 59: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr012 04
Bookhagen, B., Thiede, R.C. & Strecker, M.R. (2005) Abnormal monsoon years and their control on erosion and sediment flux in the high, arid northwest Himalaya. Earth Planetary Science Letters 231: 131–146. https://doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.11.014
Carranza, S., Xipell, M., Tarroso, P., Gardner, A., Arnold, E.N., Robinson, M.D., Simó-Riudalbas, M., Vasconcelos, R., de Pous, P., Amat, F. & Šmíd, J. (2018) Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). PloS one 13 (2): e0190389. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190389
Chen, J., Hyde, K.D., Bahkali, A.H. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) Micropsalliota brunneosquamata, a new species from Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 43: 689–694.
Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž., Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382. Persoonia 47: 178–374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06
Cubeta, M.A., Echandi, E., Abernethy, T. & Vilgalys, R. (1991) Characterization of anastomosis groups of binucleate Rhizoctonia species using restriction analysis of an amplified ribosomal RNA gene. Phytopathology 81: 1395–1400.
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: More models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods 9: 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471?2148?7?214
Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbe v/mss075
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes, application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb000 05.x
Guzmán-Dávalos, L. (1992) First record of the genus Micropsalliota (Basidiomycotina, Agaricaceae) in Mexico. Mycotaxon 43: 199–205.
Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Heinemann, P. (1994) Micropsalliota subalpina nov. sp. (Agaricaceae) from Mexico. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 63: 195–199.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit 5.0.9: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
He, M.Q., Hyde, K.D., Ratchadawan, C. & Zhao, R.L. (2020) Two new species of Micropsalliota (Agaricaceae/Agaricales) from Thailand. Phytotaxa 453: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.2.5
Heinemann, P. (1956) Champignons récoltés au Congo Belge par Madame M. Goossens-Fontana. II. Agaricus Fries ss. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’état, Bruxelles 26: 1–127.
Heinemann, P. (1983) Clé de determination de Micropsalliota (Agaricaceae) et description de deux espèces nouvelles. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 53: 85–95.
Heinemann, P. (1989) Le genre Micropsalliota en Amérique tropicale et subtropicale. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 59: 459–466.
Heinemann, P. (1980) Les genres Agaricus et Micropsalliota en Malaisie et en Indonésie. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 50: 3–68.
Heinemann, P. (1976) The genus Micropsalliota. Kew Bulletin 31: 581–583.
Heinemann, P. & Little Flower, S. (1983) Micropsalliota de Kerala (Inde). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique 53: 75–84.
Höhnel, F. von. (1914) Fragments sur mykologie XVI. Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt. 123: 49–155.
Hussain, S., Afshan, N.S., Ahmad, H., Khalid, A.N. & Niazi, A.R. (2017) Parasola malakandensis sp. nov. (Psathyrellaceae; Basidiomycota) from Malakand, Pakistan. Mycoscience 58: 69–76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.09.002
Kalyaanamoorthy, K., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14: 587–589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285
Li, J., He, M.Q. & Zhao, R. (2021) Three new species of Micropsalliota (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from China. Phytotaxa 491: 167–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.6
Madeira, F., Park, Y.M., Lee, J., Buso, N., Gur, T., Madhusoodanan, N., Basutkar, P., Tivey, A.R., Potter, S.C., Finn, R.D. & Lopez, R. (2019) The EMBLEBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019. Nucleic Acids Research 47 (W1): W636–W641. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz268
Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the cipres science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November 2010; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA. pp. 1–8.
Munsell, A.H. (1992) Munsell Soil Color Charts. Macbeth: Newburgh, NY, USA.
Parra, L.A., Tan, Y., Xu, M.L., Zhou, J.L., Wang, B. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) A reexamination of Allopsalliota indicates synonymy with Micropsalliota (Agariceae, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, basidiomycota). Mycoscience 57: 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.02.005
Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L. & McMahon, T.A. (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11: 1633–1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
Pegler, D.N. & Rayner, R.W. (1969) A contribution to the Agaric flora of Kenya. Kew Bulletin 23: 347–412
Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version 131. Institute of Evolutionary 623 Biology, University of Edinburgh. Available from: http://treebioedacuk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 January 2022).
Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) TRACER v 1.6. Computer program and documentation distributed by the authors. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 3 January 2022).
Singer, R. (1986) The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. 4th ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, German, pp. 981–988.
Stadler, T. (2009) On incomplete sampling under birth-death models and connections to the sampling-based coalescent. Journal of Theoretical Biology 261: 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.07.018
Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Liu, J.K. & Vellinga, E.C. (2021) Description of lepiotaceous fungal species of the genera Chlorophyllum, Clarkeinda, Macrolepiota, Pseudolepiota, and Xanthagaricus, from Laos and Thailand. Diversity 13 (12): 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13120666
Tardelli, M. & Raffaelli, M. (2006) Some aspects of the vegetation of Dhofar (Southern Oman). Bocconea 19: 109–112.
Wei, L., Li, Y.H., Hyde, K.D. & Zhao, R.L. (2015) Micropsalliota pseudoglobocystis, a new species from China. Mycotaxon 130: 555–561. https://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.555
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Zhao, R., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K., Perry, B.A., Hyde, K.D. (2010) A monograph of Micropsalliota in Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data. Fungal Diversity 45: 33–79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0050-4