Abstract
The genus Micropsalliota is a group of saprotrophic mushrooms, characterized by small to medium-sized basidiomata with fibrillose-squamulose or glabrous pilei, ellipsoid to amygdaliform or cymbiform basidiospores and cheilocystidia that vary in shape from clavate to ventricose or lageniform with more or less a capitate apex. In this study, we described a new species of Micropsalliota from southern Oman. Species description is based on morphological features of basidiomata and phylogenetic analyses of nuc ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D1–D2 domains of the 28S region. The new species Micropsalliota ventricocystidiata is characterized by a medium-sized basidiomata, with plano-convex pileus, covered with reddish-brown squamules and basidiospores are ellipsoid to amygdaliform with acute apex in side view and oblong in face view, measuring 7.5–8.5 × 4.5–5 µm. Morphological comparison of M. ventricocystidiata with respect to other species of the genus is provided. We discussed that species of the genus can be divided into two groups based on their pileus morphology and basidiospores size.
References
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<p>Carranza, S., Xipell, M., Tarroso, P., Gardner, A., Arnold, E.N., Robinson, M.D., Simó-Riudalbas, M., Vasconcelos, R., de Pous, P., Amat, F. & Šmíd, J. (2018) Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). <em>PloS one</em> 13 (2): e0190389. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190389</p>
<p>Chen, J., Hyde, K.D., Bahkali, A.H. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) <em>Micropsalliota brunneosquamata</em>, a new species from Thailand. <em>Chiang Mai Journal of Science</em> 43: 689–694.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž., Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382. <em>Persoonia</em> 47: 178–374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06</p>
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<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: More models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9<strong>:</strong> 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 7: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471−2148−7−214</p>
<p>Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 29: 1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbe v/mss075</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes, application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2<strong><em>:</em></strong> 113<strong>–</strong>118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb000 05.x</p>
<p>Guzmán-Dávalos, L. (1992) First record of the genus <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Basidiomycotina, Agaricaceae) in Mexico. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 43: 199–205.</p>
<p>Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Heinemann, P. (1994) <em>Micropsalliota</em> <em>subalpina</em> nov. sp. (Agaricaceae) from Mexico. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 63: 195–199.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit 5.0.9: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95<strong>–</strong>98.</p>
<p>He, M.Q., Hyde, K.D., Ratchadawan, C. & Zhao, R.L. (2020) Two new species of <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agaricaceae/Agaricales) from Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 453: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.2.5</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1956) Champignons récoltés au Congo Belge par Madame M. Goossens-Fontana. II. <em>Agaricus</em> Fries ss. <em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’état, Bruxelles </em>26: 1–127.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1983) Clé de determination de <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agaricaceae) et description de deux espèces nouvelles<em>. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 53: 85–95.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1989) Le genre <em>Micropsalliota</em> en Amérique tropicale et subtropicale. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 59: 459–466.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1980) Les genres <em>Agaricus</em> et <em>Micropsalliota</em> en Malaisie et en Indonésie. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 50: 3–68.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1976) The genus <em>Micropsalliota</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 31: 581–583.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. & Little Flower, S. (1983) <em>Micropsalliota</em> de Kerala (Inde). <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 53: 75–84.</p>
<p>Höhnel, F. von. (1914) Fragments sur mykologie XVI. <em>Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt.</em> 123: 49–155.</p>
<p>Hussain, S., Afshan, N.S., Ahmad, H., Khalid, A.N. & Niazi, A.R<em>. </em>(2017)<em> Parasola malakandensis</em> sp. nov. (Psathyrellaceae; Basidiomycota) from Malakand, Pakistan. <em>Mycoscience</em> 58: 69–76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.09.002</p>
<p>Kalyaanamoorthy, K., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. <em>Nature Methods</em> 14: 587<strong>–</strong>589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285</p>
<p>Li, J., He, M.Q. & Zhao, R. (2021) Three new species of <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 491: 167–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.6</p>
<p>Madeira, F., Park, Y.M., Lee, J., Buso, N., Gur, T., Madhusoodanan, N., Basutkar, P., Tivey, A.R., Potter, S.C., Finn, R.D. & Lopez, R. (2019) The EMBLEBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 47 (W1): W636–W641. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz268</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the cipres science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In:</em> <em>Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November 2010</em>; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA. pp. 1–8.</p>
<p>Munsell, A.H. (1992) <em>Munsell Soil Color Charts</em>. Macbeth: Newburgh, NY, USA.</p>
<p>Parra, L.A., Tan, Y., Xu, M.L., Zhou, J.L., Wang, B. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) A reexamination of <em>Allopsalliota</em> indicates synonymy with <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agariceae, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, basidiomycota). <em>Mycoscience</em> 57: 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.02.005</p>
<p>Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L. & McMahon, T.A. (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. <em>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</em> 11: 1633<strong>–</strong>1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N. & Rayner, R.W. (1969) A contribution to the Agaric flora of Kenya. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 23: 347–412</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version 131. Institute of Evolutionary 623 Biology, University of Edinburgh. Available from: http://treebioedacuk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 January 2022).</p>
<p>Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) TRACER v 1.6. Computer program and documentation distributed by the authors. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 3 January 2022).</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1986) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy</em>. 4th ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, German, pp. 981–988.</p>
<p>Stadler, T. (2009) On incomplete sampling under birth-death models and connections to the sampling-based coalescent. <em>Journal of Theoretical Biology</em> 261: 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.07.018</p>
<p>Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Liu, J.K. & Vellinga, E.C. (2021) Description of lepiotaceous fungal species of the genera <em>Chlorophyllum</em>, <em>Clarkeinda</em>, <em>Macrolepiota</em>, <em>Pseudolepiota</em>, and <em>Xanthagaricus</em>, from Laos and Thailand. <em>Diversity</em> 13 (12): 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13120666</p>
<p>Tardelli, M. & Raffaelli, M. (2006) Some aspects of the vegetation of Dhofar (Southern Oman). <em>Bocconea</em> 19: 109–112.</p>
<p>Wei, L., Li, Y.H., Hyde, K.D. & Zhao, R.L. (2015) <em>Micropsalliota pseudoglobocystis</em>, a new species from China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 130: 555–561. https://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.555</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhao, R., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K., Perry, B.A., Hyde, K.D. (2010) A monograph of <em>Micropsalliota</em> in Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 45: 33–79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0050-4</p>
<p>Altschul, SF., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E.W. & Lipman, D.J. (1990) Basic local alignment search tool. <em>Journal of Molecular Biology</em> 215<strong>:</strong> 403<strong>–</strong>410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2</p>
<p>Belda, M., Holtanová, E., Halenka, T. & Kalvová, J. (2014) Climate classification revisited: From Köppen to Trewartha. <em>Climate Research </em>59: 1<em>–</em>13. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr012 04</p>
<p>Bookhagen, B., Thiede, R.C. & Strecker, M.R. (2005) Abnormal monsoon years and their control on erosion and sediment flux in the high, arid northwest Himalaya. <em>Earth Planetary Science Letters </em>231: 131–146. https://doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.11.014</p>
<p>Carranza, S., Xipell, M., Tarroso, P., Gardner, A., Arnold, E.N., Robinson, M.D., Simó-Riudalbas, M., Vasconcelos, R., de Pous, P., Amat, F. & Šmíd, J. (2018) Diversity, distribution and conservation of the terrestrial reptiles of Oman (Sauropsida, Squamata). <em>PloS one</em> 13 (2): e0190389. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190389</p>
<p>Chen, J., Hyde, K.D., Bahkali, A.H. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) <em>Micropsalliota brunneosquamata</em>, a new species from Thailand. <em>Chiang Mai Journal of Science</em> 43: 689–694.</p>
<p>Crous, P.W., Osieck, E.R., Jurjevi, Ž., Boers, J., Van Iperen, A.L., Starink-Willemse, M., Dima, B., Balashov, S., Bulgakov, T.S., Johnston, P.R. & Morozova, O.V. (2021) Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284–1382. <em>Persoonia</em> 47: 178–374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06</p>
<p>Cubeta, M.A., Echandi, E., Abernethy, T. & Vilgalys, R. (1991) Characterization of anastomosis groups of binucleate <em>Rhizoctonia</em> species using restriction analysis of an amplified ribosomal RNA gene. <em>Phytopathology</em> 81: 1395–1400.</p>
<p>Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D. (2012) jModelTest 2: More models, new heuristics and parallel computing. <em>Nature Methods</em> 9<strong>:</strong> 772. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109</p>
<p>Drummond, A.J. & Rambaut, A. (2007) BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees. <em>BMC Evolutionary Biology</em> 7: 214. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471−2148−7−214</p>
<p>Drummond, A.J., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Rambaut, A. (2012) Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 29: 1969–1973. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbe v/mss075</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes, application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2<strong><em>:</em></strong> 113<strong>–</strong>118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb000 05.x</p>
<p>Guzmán-Dávalos, L. (1992) First record of the genus <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Basidiomycotina, Agaricaceae) in Mexico. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 43: 199–205.</p>
<p>Guzmán-Dávalos, L. & Heinemann, P. (1994) <em>Micropsalliota</em> <em>subalpina</em> nov. sp. (Agaricaceae) from Mexico. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 63: 195–199.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit 5.0.9: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95<strong>–</strong>98.</p>
<p>He, M.Q., Hyde, K.D., Ratchadawan, C. & Zhao, R.L. (2020) Two new species of <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agaricaceae/Agaricales) from Thailand. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 453: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.453.2.5</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1956) Champignons récoltés au Congo Belge par Madame M. Goossens-Fontana. II. <em>Agaricus</em> Fries ss. <em>Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’état, Bruxelles </em>26: 1–127.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1983) Clé de determination de <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agaricaceae) et description de deux espèces nouvelles<em>. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 53: 85–95.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1989) Le genre <em>Micropsalliota</em> en Amérique tropicale et subtropicale. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 59: 459–466.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1980) Les genres <em>Agaricus</em> et <em>Micropsalliota</em> en Malaisie et en Indonésie. <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 50: 3–68.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. (1976) The genus <em>Micropsalliota</em>. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 31: 581–583.</p>
<p>Heinemann, P. & Little Flower, S. (1983) <em>Micropsalliota</em> de Kerala (Inde). <em>Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique</em> 53: 75–84.</p>
<p>Höhnel, F. von. (1914) Fragments sur mykologie XVI. <em>Sitzungsber. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl., Abt.</em> 123: 49–155.</p>
<p>Hussain, S., Afshan, N.S., Ahmad, H., Khalid, A.N. & Niazi, A.R<em>. </em>(2017)<em> Parasola malakandensis</em> sp. nov. (Psathyrellaceae; Basidiomycota) from Malakand, Pakistan. <em>Mycoscience</em> 58: 69–76. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.09.002</p>
<p>Kalyaanamoorthy, K., Minh, B.Q., Wong, T.K.F., von Haeseler, A. & Jermiin, L.S. (2017) ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. <em>Nature Methods</em> 14: 587<strong>–</strong>589. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285</p>
<p>Li, J., He, M.Q. & Zhao, R. (2021) Three new species of <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agaricaceae, Agaricales) from China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 491: 167–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.491.2.6</p>
<p>Madeira, F., Park, Y.M., Lee, J., Buso, N., Gur, T., Madhusoodanan, N., Basutkar, P., Tivey, A.R., Potter, S.C., Finn, R.D. & Lopez, R. (2019) The EMBLEBI search and sequence analysis tools APIs in 2019. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 47 (W1): W636–W641. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz268</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2010) Creating the cipres science gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. <em>In:</em> <em>Proceedings of the 2010 Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA, USA, 14 November 2010</em>; IEEE: Manhattan, NY, USA. pp. 1–8.</p>
<p>Munsell, A.H. (1992) <em>Munsell Soil Color Charts</em>. Macbeth: Newburgh, NY, USA.</p>
<p>Parra, L.A., Tan, Y., Xu, M.L., Zhou, J.L., Wang, B. & Zhao, R.L. (2016) A reexamination of <em>Allopsalliota</em> indicates synonymy with <em>Micropsalliota</em> (Agariceae, Agaricaceae, Agaricales, basidiomycota). <em>Mycoscience</em> 57: 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2016.02.005</p>
<p>Peel, M.C., Finlayson, B.L. & McMahon, T.A. (2007) Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. <em>Hydrology and Earth System Sciences</em> 11: 1633<strong>–</strong>1644. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007</p>
<p>Pegler, D.N. & Rayner, R.W. (1969) A contribution to the Agaric flora of Kenya. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 23: 347–412</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) FigTree Tree Figure Drawing Tool Version 131. Institute of Evolutionary 623 Biology, University of Edinburgh. Available from: http://treebioedacuk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 January 2022).</p>
<p>Rambaut, A., Suchard, M.A., Xie, D. & Drummond, A.J. (2014) TRACER v 1.6. Computer program and documentation distributed by the authors. Available from: http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk/Tracer (accessed 3 January 2022).</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1986) <em>The Agaricales in modern taxonomy</em>. 4th ed. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein, German, pp. 981–988.</p>
<p>Stadler, T. (2009) On incomplete sampling under birth-death models and connections to the sampling-based coalescent. <em>Journal of Theoretical Biology</em> 261: 58–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.07.018</p>
<p>Sysouphanthong, P., Thongklang, N., Liu, J.K. & Vellinga, E.C. (2021) Description of lepiotaceous fungal species of the genera <em>Chlorophyllum</em>, <em>Clarkeinda</em>, <em>Macrolepiota</em>, <em>Pseudolepiota</em>, and <em>Xanthagaricus</em>, from Laos and Thailand. <em>Diversity</em> 13 (12): 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/d13120666</p>
<p>Tardelli, M. & Raffaelli, M. (2006) Some aspects of the vegetation of Dhofar (Southern Oman). <em>Bocconea</em> 19: 109–112.</p>
<p>Wei, L., Li, Y.H., Hyde, K.D. & Zhao, R.L. (2015) <em>Micropsalliota pseudoglobocystis</em>, a new species from China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 130: 555–561. https://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.555</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S., Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications</em>. Academic Press: San Diego, CA, USA. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Zhao, R., Desjardin, D.E., Soytong, K., Perry, B.A., Hyde, K.D. (2010) A monograph of <em>Micropsalliota</em> in Northern Thailand based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 45: 33–79. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0050-4</p>