Abstract
The taxonomic limits of two Moroccan Arabis species are revised based on a critical evaluation of morphology in light of phylogenetic and cytogenetic studies that also included the monospecific European Fourraea. As a result, the new tribe Fourraeeae, the new genus Hurkaea and new combinations H. josiae, H. conringioides, and H. conringioides subsp. humbertii are proposed. Keys to distinguish genera, species and subspecies are provided.
References
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German, D.A., Friesen, N., Neuffer, B., Al-Shehbaz I.A. & Hurka, H. (2009) Contribution to ITS phylogeny of the Brassicaceae, with special reference to some Asian taxa. Plant Systematics and Evolution 283 (1): 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-009-0213-5
Greuter, W. & Raus, T. (Eds.) (1984) Med-Checklist notulae, 8. Willdenowia 13 (2): 283–288.
Grimm, J.F.C. (1767) Synopsis methodica stirpium agri isenacensis consignata. Nova Acta Physico-Medica Academiae Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 3 App.: 249–364.
Hall, J.C., Tisdale, T.E., Donohue, K., Wheeler, A., Al-Yahya, M.A. & Kramer, E.M. (2011) Convergent evolution of a complex fruit structure in the tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae). American Journal of Botany 98 (12): 1989–2003. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100203
Holl, F. & Heynhold, G. (1842) Flora von Sachsen. J. Naumann, Dresden, 862 pp.
Hohmann, N., Wolf, E.M., Lysak, M.A. & Koch, M.A. (2015) A time-calibrated road map of Brassicaceae species radiation and evolutionary history. The Plant Cell 27 (10): 2770–2784. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.15.00482
Jahandiez, É. & Maire, R. (1923) Plantae maroccanae novae. Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord 14 (2): 65–73.
Jalas, J. & Suominen J. (Eds.) (1994) Atlas Florae Europaeae. 10. Cruciferae (Sisymbrium to Aubrieta). Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo, Helsinki, 224 pp.
Jordon-Thaden, I., Hase, I., Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & Koch, M.A. (2010) Molecular phylogeny and systematics of the genus Draba (Brassicaceae) and identification of its most closely related genera. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55 (2): 524–540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.02.012
Jordon-Thaden, I.E., Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & Koch, M.A. (2013) Species richness of the globally distributed, arctic-alpine genus Draba L. (Brassicaceae). Alpine Botany 123: 97–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-013-0120-9
Karl, R. (2012) Phylogeny and systematics of the tribe Arabideae with a special focus on the genus Arabis L. PhD thesis. Faculty of Biological Sciences, Heidelberg University.
Karl, R. & Koch, M.A. (2013) A world-wide perspective on crucifer speciation and evolution: phylogeny, biogeography and trait evolution in tribe Arabideae. Annals of Botany 112 (6): 983–1001. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct165
Karl, R. & Koch, M.A. (2014) Phylogenetic signatures of adaptation: The Arabis hirsuta species aggregate (Brassicaceae) revisited. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 16 (5): 247–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2014.06.001
Karl, R., Kiefer, C., Ansell, S.W. & Koch, M.A. (2012) Systematics and evolution of arctic-alpine Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae) and its closest relatives in the eastern Mediterranean. American Journal of Botany 99 (4): 778–794. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1100447
Kiefer, C., Severing, E., Karl, R., Bergonzi, S., Koch, M., Tresch, A. & Coupland, G. (2017) Divergence of annual and perennial species in the Brassicaceae and the contribution of cis-acting variation at FLC orthologues. Molecular Ecology 26 (13): 3437–3457. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.14084
Kiefer, C., Willing, E.-M., Jiao, W.-B., Sun, H., Piednoël, M., Hümann, U., Hartwig, B., Koch, M.A. & Schneeberger, K. (2019) Interspecies association mapping links reduced CG to TG substitution rates to the loss of gene-body methylation. Nature Plants 5: 846–855. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-019-0486-9
Kiefer, M., Schmickl, R., German, D.A., Mandáková, T., Lysak, M.A., Al-Shehbaz, I.A., Franzke, A., Mummenhoff, K. Stamatakis, A. & Koch, M.A. (2014) BrassiBase: introduction to a novel knowledge database on Brassicaceae evolution. Plant and Cell Physiology 55 (1): e3. https://doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pct158
Koch, M.A. (2003) Molecular phylogenetics, evolution and population biology in the Brassicaceae. In: Sharma, A.K. & Sharma, A. (Eds.) Plant Genome: Biodiversity and Evolution. Vol. 1: Phanerogams. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, pp. 1–35.
Koch, M.A. & Grosser, J. (2017) East Asian Arabis species (Brassicaceae) exemplify past hybridization and subsequent emergence of three main evolutionary lineages in East Asia, America and the amphi-Beringian region. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 184 (2): 224–237. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/box020
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