Abstract
The genus Salvia is comprised of about 1000 species and has diversity hotspots in the Americas, East Asia, southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region. Central Asia also possesses considerable Salvia species diversity but is understudied relative to the aforementioned diversity hotspots. To help remedy this deficiency, we present a synopsis of Central Asian Salvia species based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium consultation, and literature surveys focusing on Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (i.e., Central Asia). According to our final taxonomic revision, there are 41 species of native Salvia in the flora of Central Asia, 24 of which are endemic. Salvia ariana from Tajikistan and S. spinosa from Kazakhstan are documented from the respective countries for the first time, and the presence of S. tianschanica from Tajikistan and S. verticillata from Kazakhstan has been confirmed. In addition, the neotypification of S. deserta and three lectotypifications (Perovskia abrotanoides, S. bucharica and S. trautvetterii) are provided. Furthermore, we synonymized six species of Salvia that were previously reported from Central Asia, including S. intercedens, S. kopetdaghensis, S. linczevskii, S. lipskyi, S. semilanata and S. stepposa. Finally, a new species identification key for Central Asian Salvia is presented based on the new nomenclature changes and our taxonomic revision.
References
Adylov, T.A. & Zukervanik, T.I. (1993) Conspectus florae Asiae Mediae 10. Science Publisher, Tashkent, 624 pp. [in Russian]
Aralbaev, N.K., Kudabayeva, G.M. & Zhaparova, N.K. (2002) State cadastre of plants of the South Kazakhstan region // Abstract of species of higher vascular plants. Gylim, Almaty, 314 pp. [in Russian]
Baikov, K., Turdiboev, O. & Baikova, E. (2021) Predictive distribution for Salvia aethiopis (Lamiaceae) in Middle Asian Region based on climatic modelling. BIO Web of Conferences 38: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800007
Bajtenov, M.S. (2001) Flora of Kazakhstan: Genus complex of flora. Gilim Publisher, Almaty, 280 pp. [in Russian]
Bentham, G. (1829) Meriandra Benth., gen. nov. In: Lindley, J. (Ed.) Edward’s botanical register 15. James Ridgway, London, 1305 pl.
Bentham, G. (1848) Labiatae. In: de Candolle, A.L.P.P. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis XII. Victoris Masson, Paris, pp. 28–603.
Boissier, E. (1846) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, ser. 1, 1(7). B. Herrmann, Leipzig, 46 pp.
Boissier, E. (1859) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, vol. 2(4). B. Hermann & J.-B. Baillière, Leipzig & Paris, p. 15.
Bunge, A.A. (1851) Perovskia scrophulariifolia. Mémoires Presentés a l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et dans ses Assemblées 7: 433.
Cairampoma, L., Tello, J.A. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2020) Pollination in the desert: adaptation to bees and birds in Salvia rhombifolia. International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 857–870. https://doi.org/10.1086/710219
Celep, F. & Do?an, M. (2010) Salvia ekimiana (Lamiaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 47: 63–66. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.047.0108
Celep, F., Do?an, M. & Duran, A. (2009a) A new record for the Flora of Turkey: Salvia viscosa Jacq. (Labiatae). Turkish Journal of Botany 33: 57–60.
Celep, F., Do?an, M., Bagherpour, S. & Kahraman, A. (2009b) A new variety of Salvia sericeotomentosa (Lamiaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Novon 19: 432–435. https://doi.org/10.3417/2008003
Celep, F., Kahraman, A. & Do?an, M. (2011a) A new taxon of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 111–114. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2011.423
Celep, F., Kahraman, A. & Do?an, M. (2011b) Taxonomic notes for Salvia aucheri (Lamiaceae) from Southern Anatolia, Turkey. Novon 21: 34–35. https://doi.org/10.3417/2009041
Celep, F., Atalay, Z., Dikmen, F., Do?an, M. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2014) Flies as pollinators of melittophilous Salvia species (Lamiaceae). American Journal of Botany 101: 2148–2159. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400422
Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. & Güner, Ö. (2015) Salvia hasankeyfense (Lamiaceae), a new species from Hasankeyf (Batman, South-eastern Turkey). Phytotaxa 227 (3): 289–294. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.9
Celep, F., Karabacak, O., Malekmohammadi, M., Fidan, M. & Do?an, M. (2016) First record of Psylliostachys spicata (Plumbaginaceae), confirmation of Salvia pratensis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey, and taxonomic status of Salvia ertekinii. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 226–230. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1503-48
Celep, F., Atalay, Z., Dikmen, F., Do?an, M., Sytsma, K.J. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2020a) Pollination ecology, specialization, and genetic isolation in sympatric bee pollinated Salvia (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 800–811. https://doi.org/10.1086/710238
Celep, F., Raders, E. & Drew, B.T. (2020b) Two new hybrid species of Salvia (S. × karamanensis and S. × doganii) from Turkey: evidence from molecular and morphological studies. Turkish Journal of Botany 44: 647–660. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2007-28
Celep, F., Kahraman, A., Guerin, G.R., Karabacak, E., Akayd?n, G. & Do?an, M. (2022) Nutlet micromorphology and its taxonomic and phylogenetic significance in Salvia (Lamiaceae). Plant Biosystems. (In press) https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1852331
Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2017) Stamen construction, development and evolution in Salvia s.l. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils 4: 28–48.
Czerniakovska-Reinecke, E.G. (1930) Labiatae, Letzte Neuheiten über die Flora Turkmenistans und Nordpersiens. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 27: 278. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870271606
Desjiatova-Shostenko, N.A. (1932) Salvia. Izvestiya Botanicheskogo Sada Akademii Nauk SSSR 30: 670.
Drew, B.T. (2020) Evolution, pollination biology, and species richness of Salvia (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 767–769. https://doi.org/10.1086/710711
Drew, B.T., González-Gallegos, J.G., Xiang, C.-L., Kriebel, R., Drummond, C.P., Walker, J.B. & Sytsma, K.J. (2017) Salvia united: the greatest good for the greatest number. Taxon 66: 133–145. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.7
Eiji, S. & Salmaki, Y. (2016) Evolution of trichomes and its systematic significance in Salvia (Mentheae; Nepetoideae; Lamiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12367
Franchet, A.R. (1884) Salvia capusii. Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, sér. 6 18: 232.
Gandor, M. (1913) Salvia pamirica. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 60: 26.
González-Gallegos, J.G., Fragoso-Martínez, I., González-Adame, G., Martínez-Ambriz, E. & López-Enríquez, I.L. (2018) Salvia ozolotepecensis, S. patriciae and S. sirenis (Lamiaceae), three new species from Miahuatlán district, Oaxaca, Mexico. Phytotaxa 362 (2): 143–159. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.2
González-Gallegos, J.G., Vega-Mares, J.H. & Fernández, J.A. (2019) Salvia reginae and S. spellenbergii (Lamiaceae), two new species from Chihuahua, Mexico. Willdenowia 49: 319–328. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49303
González-Gallegos, J.G., Bedolla-García, B.Y., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Fernández-Alonso, J.L., Fragoso-Martínez, I., García-Peña, M.R., Harley, R.M., Klitgaard, B., Martínez-Gordillo, M.J., Wood, J.R.I., Zamudio, Z., Zona, S. & Xifreda, C.C. (2020) Richness and distribution of Salvia subgenus Calosphace (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 831–856. https://doi.org/10.1086/709133
Gorschkova, S.G. & Pjataeva, A.D. (1954) Perovskia kudrjaschevii Gorschk. & Pjataeva. Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariya Botanicheskogo Instituta Imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk S S S R. 16: 290.
Hedge, I.C. (1966) Studies in the flora of Afghanistan III. An account of Salvia. Notes from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh 26: 407–425
Hedge, I.C. (1982a) Salvia L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands vol. 7. University of Edinburgh Press, Edinburgh, pp. 400–461.
Hedge, I.C. (1982b) Salvia L. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica 150. Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 403–476.
Hu, G.X., Liu, E.D., Zhang, T., Cai, J. & Xiang, C.L. (2017) Salvia luteistriata (Lamiaceae), a new species from northeastern Sichuan, China. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 123–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.12
Hu, G.X., Liu, E.D., Wu, Z.K., Sytsma, K.J., Drew, B.T. & Xiang, C.L. (2020) Integrating DNA sequences with morphological analysis clarifies phylogenetic position of Salvia grandifolia (Lamiaceae): an enigmatic species endemic to southwestern China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 787–799. https://doi.org/10.1086/709134
Kahraman, A., Celep, F., Do?an, M. & Bagherpour, S. (2010) A taxonomic revision of Salvia euphratica sensu lato and its closely related species (sect. Hymenosphace, Lamiaceae) by using multivariate analysis. Turkish Journal of Botany 34: 261–276.
Karelin, G.S. (1841) Perovskia et Sucthelenia, genera nova plantarum. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 14: 15.
Khassanov, F.O. (2015) Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae, vol. 11. Izdatel’stvo “Fan” AS RUz, Tashkent, 456 pp. [in Russian]
Kochkareva, T.F. (1986) Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR. T. VIII. Kermekovye – Podorozhnikovye. Izdatelstvo Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 241–257 [in Russian]
Kovalevsk, S.S. & Kochkareva T.F. (1986) Perovskia botschantzevii, In: Kochkareva, T.F. (Ed.) Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR. T. VIII. Kermekovye - Podorozhnikovye. Izdatelstvo Nauka, 483 pp.
Krestovskaya, T.V. (2012) Type specimens of the Siberian and Russian Far Eastern taxa of Lamiaceae Martinov kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). Turczaninowia 15: 45–58.
Kriebel, R., Drew, B.T., Drummond, C.P., González-Gallegos, J.G., Celep, F., Mahdjoub, M.M., Rose, J.P., Xiang, C.-L., Hu, G.-X., Walker, J.B., Lemmon, E.M., Lemmon, A.R. & Sytsma, K.J. (2019) Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. American Journal of Botany 106: 573–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1268
Kriebel, R., Drew, B., González-Gallegos, J.G., Celep, F., Heeg, L., Mahdjoub, M.M. & Sytsma, K.J. (2020) Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. Evolution 74: 1335–1355. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14030
Kudrjaschev, S.N. (1936) Genus Perovskia Kar. (Labiatae). Trudy sektora rastitel’nyh resursov Komiteta nauk UzSSR, vol. 2. Proceedings of the plant resources sector of the Committee of Sciences of the UzSSR, Tashkent, pp. 1–48. [in Russian]
Kudrjaschev, S.N. (1937) Materials for the study of sage Middle Asia. Trudy sektora rastitel’nyh resursov Komiteta nauk UzSSR, vol. 3. Proceedings of the plant resources sector of the Committee of Sciences of the UzSSR, Tashkent, pp. 1–35 [in Russian]
Lazkov, G.A. (2016) Labiatae (Family Labiatae Juss.) in Flora of Kyrgyzstan. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, pp. 1–384.
Ledebour, K.F. von (1824) Supplementum II index seminum horti academici Dorpatensis. Botanical Garden of the University of Tartu, Tartu. pp. 1–7.
Li, W., Tojibaev, K.S., Hisoriev, H., Shomurodov, K.F., Luo, M., Feng, Y. & Ma, K. (2020) Mapping Asia plants: current status of floristic information for Central Asian Flora. Global Ecology and Conservation 24: e01220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01220
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Makhmedov, A.M. (1980) Salvia tianschanica. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Ratenii 17: 215.
Makhmedov, A.M. (1984) Sage of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (taxonomy, geography, and rational use). Izdatel’stvo “Fan” UzSSR, Tashkent, pp. 1–112. [in Russian]
Makhmedov, A.M. (1987) Salvia L. In: Adylov, T.A. (Ed.) Conspectus florae Asiae Mediae, vol. 9. Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, pp. 138–150. [in Russian]
Martin, E., Çetin, Ö., Kahraman, A., Celep, F. & Do?an, M. (2011) Cytomorphological study in some taxa of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae). Caryologia 64: 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2011.10589793
Miller, P. (1768) The Gardener’s Dictionary, ed. 8. Rivington et al., London, pp. 2–8.
Moench, C. (1794) Sclarea punctate. Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis, a staminum situ describendi. Marburgi, Marburgi cattorum, 374 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.304
Nachychko, V.O., Helesh, M.B., Sosnovsky, Y.V., Shevera, M.V. & Honcharenko, V.I. (2017) Some nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Salvia dumetorum (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa 332 (1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.1.9
Nevski, A.A. (1937) Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR. Ser. 1, Flora I. Sistematika Vysshikh Rastenii. Moscow & Leningrad 4: 327.
Noter, R. (1905) Salvia turkestanica. Revue Horticole (Paris) 77: 502.
Nowak, A., Nobis, M., Nowak, S., Nobis, A., Wróbel, A., ?wierszcz, S., Klichowska, E., Dembicz, I. & Kusza, G. (2020) Illustrated flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas. Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden Center for Biological Diversity Conservation and Polish Botanical Society, Warsaw-Cracow-Opole, 768 pp.
Opiz, F.M. (1852) Seznam rostlin kv?teny ?eské. V Komissii u Fr. ?ivná?e, Prague, 11 pp.
Pobedimova, E.G. (1954) Salvia. In: Shishkin, B.K. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. 21. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSR, Moscow, pp. 154–657.
Pobedimova, E.G. (1972) Arischrada korolkovii. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshchikh Rastenii 9: 247.
Rafinesque, C.S. (1837) Flora Telluriana Vol. 3. 1st ed. Rafinesque, Philadelphia, 94 pp.
Rechinger, K.H. (1941) Salvia honigbergeri. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 51: 418.
Rechinger, K.H. & Wendelbo, P. (1967) Zhumeria majdae. Nytt Magasin for Botanik (Oslo) 14: 39–43.
Rose, J.P., Kriebel, R., Kahan, L., DiNicola, A., González-Gallegos, J.G., Celep, F., Lemmon, E.M., Lemmon, A.R., Sytsma, K.J. & Drew, B.T. (2021) Sage insights into the phylogeny of Salvia: dealing with sources of discordance within and across genomes. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 767478. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.767478
Soják, J. (1983) Fragmenta phytotaxonomica et nomenclatorica. ?asopis Národního Muzea v Praze, Rada P?írodov?dna, Prague 152: 22.
Turdiboev, O. & Turginov, O. (2021) Taxonomical composition of the genus Salvia L. in the Flora of Uzbekistan. Journal of Biology of Uzbekistan 1: 34–38.
Turdiboev, O.A., Baikova, E.V., Akbarov, F. & Baikov, K.S. (2021) Notes on Salvia baldshuanica (Lamiaceae), an endemic species from Middle Asia. Botanica Pacifica 10: 87–92. https://doi.org/10.17581/bp.2021.10203
Turginov, O., Turdiboev, O. & Khoshimov, K. (2019) Endemic species of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae Lindl.) in flora of Uzbekistan. Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University 1: 65–72. [In Uzbek with English and Russian abstract]
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159] Koeltz Botanical Books. Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Vvedensky, A.I. (1961) Salvia L. In: Vvedensky, A.I. (Ed.) Flora of Uzbekistan, 3. Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, pp. 382–394. [in Russian]
Walker, J.B. & Sytsma, K.J. (2007) Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever. Annals of Botany 100: 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl176
Walker, J.B., Drew, B.T. & Sytsma, K.J. (2015) Unravelling species relationships and diversification within the iconic California Floristic Province sages (Salvia subgenus Audibertia, Lamiaceae). Systematic Botany 40: 826–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X689285
Will, M. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2017) Time to split Salvia s.l. (Lamiaceae) – New insights from Old World Salvia phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109: 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.041
Xiang, C.L., Hu, G.X. & Peng, H. (2016) Salvia wuana (Lamiaceae), a new name for S. pauciflora E. Peter. Phytotaxa 255 (1): 99–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.255.1.10
Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A.-C., Celep, F., Bräuchler, C., Bendiksby, M., Wang, Q., Min, D.-Z., Peng, H., Olmstead, R.G., Li, B. & Xiang, C.-L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome Phylogenomics. BMC Biology 19: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z
Zhang, Y.M., Li, Y.M., Shen, G.M., Olonova, M. & Zhang, D.Y. (2013) Plant resources and utilization in Central Asia. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, pp. 1–328
Zhogoleva, E.P. & Kochkareva, T.F. (1986) Salvia L. In: Kochkareva, T.F. (Ed.) Flora of Tajikistan, 8. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 241–257. [in Russian]
Aralbaev, N.K., Kudabayeva, G.M. & Zhaparova, N.K. (2002) State cadastre of plants of the South Kazakhstan region // Abstract of species of higher vascular plants. Gylim, Almaty, 314 pp. [in Russian]
Baikov, K., Turdiboev, O. & Baikova, E. (2021) Predictive distribution for Salvia aethiopis (Lamiaceae) in Middle Asian Region based on climatic modelling. BIO Web of Conferences 38: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20213800007
Bajtenov, M.S. (2001) Flora of Kazakhstan: Genus complex of flora. Gilim Publisher, Almaty, 280 pp. [in Russian]
Bentham, G. (1829) Meriandra Benth., gen. nov. In: Lindley, J. (Ed.) Edward’s botanical register 15. James Ridgway, London, 1305 pl.
Bentham, G. (1848) Labiatae. In: de Candolle, A.L.P.P. (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis XII. Victoris Masson, Paris, pp. 28–603.
Boissier, E. (1846) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, ser. 1, 1(7). B. Herrmann, Leipzig, 46 pp.
Boissier, E. (1859) Diagnoses plantarum orientalium novarum, vol. 2(4). B. Hermann & J.-B. Baillière, Leipzig & Paris, p. 15.
Bunge, A.A. (1851) Perovskia scrophulariifolia. Mémoires Presentés a l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.-Pétersbourg par Divers Savans et dans ses Assemblées 7: 433.
Cairampoma, L., Tello, J.A. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2020) Pollination in the desert: adaptation to bees and birds in Salvia rhombifolia. International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 857–870. https://doi.org/10.1086/710219
Celep, F. & Do?an, M. (2010) Salvia ekimiana (Lamiaceae), a new species from Turkey. Annales Botanici Fennici 47: 63–66. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.047.0108
Celep, F., Do?an, M. & Duran, A. (2009a) A new record for the Flora of Turkey: Salvia viscosa Jacq. (Labiatae). Turkish Journal of Botany 33: 57–60.
Celep, F., Do?an, M., Bagherpour, S. & Kahraman, A. (2009b) A new variety of Salvia sericeotomentosa (Lamiaceae) from South Anatolia, Turkey. Novon 19: 432–435. https://doi.org/10.3417/2008003
Celep, F., Kahraman, A. & Do?an, M. (2011a) A new taxon of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey. Plant Ecology and Evolution 144: 111–114. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2011.423
Celep, F., Kahraman, A. & Do?an, M. (2011b) Taxonomic notes for Salvia aucheri (Lamiaceae) from Southern Anatolia, Turkey. Novon 21: 34–35. https://doi.org/10.3417/2009041
Celep, F., Atalay, Z., Dikmen, F., Do?an, M. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2014) Flies as pollinators of melittophilous Salvia species (Lamiaceae). American Journal of Botany 101: 2148–2159. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400422
Celep, F., Dirmenci, T. & Güner, Ö. (2015) Salvia hasankeyfense (Lamiaceae), a new species from Hasankeyf (Batman, South-eastern Turkey). Phytotaxa 227 (3): 289–294. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.9
Celep, F., Karabacak, O., Malekmohammadi, M., Fidan, M. & Do?an, M. (2016) First record of Psylliostachys spicata (Plumbaginaceae), confirmation of Salvia pratensis (Lamiaceae) from Turkey, and taxonomic status of Salvia ertekinii. Turkish Journal of Botany 40: 226–230. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1503-48
Celep, F., Atalay, Z., Dikmen, F., Do?an, M., Sytsma, K.J. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2020a) Pollination ecology, specialization, and genetic isolation in sympatric bee pollinated Salvia (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 800–811. https://doi.org/10.1086/710238
Celep, F., Raders, E. & Drew, B.T. (2020b) Two new hybrid species of Salvia (S. × karamanensis and S. × doganii) from Turkey: evidence from molecular and morphological studies. Turkish Journal of Botany 44: 647–660. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-2007-28
Celep, F., Kahraman, A., Guerin, G.R., Karabacak, E., Akayd?n, G. & Do?an, M. (2022) Nutlet micromorphology and its taxonomic and phylogenetic significance in Salvia (Lamiaceae). Plant Biosystems. (In press) https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2020.1852331
Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2017) Stamen construction, development and evolution in Salvia s.l. Natural Volatiles and Essential Oils 4: 28–48.
Czerniakovska-Reinecke, E.G. (1930) Labiatae, Letzte Neuheiten über die Flora Turkmenistans und Nordpersiens. Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis 27: 278. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4870271606
Desjiatova-Shostenko, N.A. (1932) Salvia. Izvestiya Botanicheskogo Sada Akademii Nauk SSSR 30: 670.
Drew, B.T. (2020) Evolution, pollination biology, and species richness of Salvia (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 767–769. https://doi.org/10.1086/710711
Drew, B.T., González-Gallegos, J.G., Xiang, C.-L., Kriebel, R., Drummond, C.P., Walker, J.B. & Sytsma, K.J. (2017) Salvia united: the greatest good for the greatest number. Taxon 66: 133–145. https://doi.org/10.12705/661.7
Eiji, S. & Salmaki, Y. (2016) Evolution of trichomes and its systematic significance in Salvia (Mentheae; Nepetoideae; Lamiaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 180: 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12367
Franchet, A.R. (1884) Salvia capusii. Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique, sér. 6 18: 232.
Gandor, M. (1913) Salvia pamirica. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 60: 26.
González-Gallegos, J.G., Fragoso-Martínez, I., González-Adame, G., Martínez-Ambriz, E. & López-Enríquez, I.L. (2018) Salvia ozolotepecensis, S. patriciae and S. sirenis (Lamiaceae), three new species from Miahuatlán district, Oaxaca, Mexico. Phytotaxa 362 (2): 143–159. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.2.2
González-Gallegos, J.G., Vega-Mares, J.H. & Fernández, J.A. (2019) Salvia reginae and S. spellenbergii (Lamiaceae), two new species from Chihuahua, Mexico. Willdenowia 49: 319–328. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.49.49303
González-Gallegos, J.G., Bedolla-García, B.Y., Cornejo-Tenorio, G., Fernández-Alonso, J.L., Fragoso-Martínez, I., García-Peña, M.R., Harley, R.M., Klitgaard, B., Martínez-Gordillo, M.J., Wood, J.R.I., Zamudio, Z., Zona, S. & Xifreda, C.C. (2020) Richness and distribution of Salvia subgenus Calosphace (Lamiaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 831–856. https://doi.org/10.1086/709133
Gorschkova, S.G. & Pjataeva, A.D. (1954) Perovskia kudrjaschevii Gorschk. & Pjataeva. Botanicheskie Materialy Gerbariya Botanicheskogo Instituta Imeni V. L. Komarova Akademii Nauk S S S R. 16: 290.
Hedge, I.C. (1966) Studies in the flora of Afghanistan III. An account of Salvia. Notes from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh 26: 407–425
Hedge, I.C. (1982a) Salvia L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands vol. 7. University of Edinburgh Press, Edinburgh, pp. 400–461.
Hedge, I.C. (1982b) Salvia L. In: Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica 150. Akademische Druck und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 403–476.
Hu, G.X., Liu, E.D., Zhang, T., Cai, J. & Xiang, C.L. (2017) Salvia luteistriata (Lamiaceae), a new species from northeastern Sichuan, China. Phytotaxa 314 (1): 123–128. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.314.1.12
Hu, G.X., Liu, E.D., Wu, Z.K., Sytsma, K.J., Drew, B.T. & Xiang, C.L. (2020) Integrating DNA sequences with morphological analysis clarifies phylogenetic position of Salvia grandifolia (Lamiaceae): an enigmatic species endemic to southwestern China. International Journal of Plant Sciences 181: 787–799. https://doi.org/10.1086/709134
Kahraman, A., Celep, F., Do?an, M. & Bagherpour, S. (2010) A taxonomic revision of Salvia euphratica sensu lato and its closely related species (sect. Hymenosphace, Lamiaceae) by using multivariate analysis. Turkish Journal of Botany 34: 261–276.
Karelin, G.S. (1841) Perovskia et Sucthelenia, genera nova plantarum. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 14: 15.
Khassanov, F.O. (2015) Conspectus Florae Asiae Mediae, vol. 11. Izdatel’stvo “Fan” AS RUz, Tashkent, 456 pp. [in Russian]
Kochkareva, T.F. (1986) Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR. T. VIII. Kermekovye – Podorozhnikovye. Izdatelstvo Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 241–257 [in Russian]
Kovalevsk, S.S. & Kochkareva T.F. (1986) Perovskia botschantzevii, In: Kochkareva, T.F. (Ed.) Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR. T. VIII. Kermekovye - Podorozhnikovye. Izdatelstvo Nauka, 483 pp.
Krestovskaya, T.V. (2012) Type specimens of the Siberian and Russian Far Eastern taxa of Lamiaceae Martinov kept in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE). Turczaninowia 15: 45–58.
Kriebel, R., Drew, B.T., Drummond, C.P., González-Gallegos, J.G., Celep, F., Mahdjoub, M.M., Rose, J.P., Xiang, C.-L., Hu, G.-X., Walker, J.B., Lemmon, E.M., Lemmon, A.R. & Sytsma, K.J. (2019) Tracking temporal shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators in the radiation of Salvia (sages) across continents: leveraging anchored hybrid enrichment and targeted sequence data. American Journal of Botany 106: 573–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.1268
Kriebel, R., Drew, B., González-Gallegos, J.G., Celep, F., Heeg, L., Mahdjoub, M.M. & Sytsma, K.J. (2020) Pollinator shifts, contingent evolution, and evolutionary constraint drive floral disparity in Salvia (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods. Evolution 74: 1335–1355. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14030
Kudrjaschev, S.N. (1936) Genus Perovskia Kar. (Labiatae). Trudy sektora rastitel’nyh resursov Komiteta nauk UzSSR, vol. 2. Proceedings of the plant resources sector of the Committee of Sciences of the UzSSR, Tashkent, pp. 1–48. [in Russian]
Kudrjaschev, S.N. (1937) Materials for the study of sage Middle Asia. Trudy sektora rastitel’nyh resursov Komiteta nauk UzSSR, vol. 3. Proceedings of the plant resources sector of the Committee of Sciences of the UzSSR, Tashkent, pp. 1–35 [in Russian]
Lazkov, G.A. (2016) Labiatae (Family Labiatae Juss.) in Flora of Kyrgyzstan. Korea National Arboretum, Pocheon, pp. 1–384.
Ledebour, K.F. von (1824) Supplementum II index seminum horti academici Dorpatensis. Botanical Garden of the University of Tartu, Tartu. pp. 1–7.
Li, W., Tojibaev, K.S., Hisoriev, H., Shomurodov, K.F., Luo, M., Feng, Y. & Ma, K. (2020) Mapping Asia plants: current status of floristic information for Central Asian Flora. Global Ecology and Conservation 24: e01220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01220
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum. Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Makhmedov, A.M. (1980) Salvia tianschanica. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshikh Ratenii 17: 215.
Makhmedov, A.M. (1984) Sage of Central Asia and Kazakhstan (taxonomy, geography, and rational use). Izdatel’stvo “Fan” UzSSR, Tashkent, pp. 1–112. [in Russian]
Makhmedov, A.M. (1987) Salvia L. In: Adylov, T.A. (Ed.) Conspectus florae Asiae Mediae, vol. 9. Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, pp. 138–150. [in Russian]
Martin, E., Çetin, Ö., Kahraman, A., Celep, F. & Do?an, M. (2011) Cytomorphological study in some taxa of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae). Caryologia 64: 272–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/00087114.2011.10589793
Miller, P. (1768) The Gardener’s Dictionary, ed. 8. Rivington et al., London, pp. 2–8.
Moench, C. (1794) Sclarea punctate. Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis, a staminum situ describendi. Marburgi, Marburgi cattorum, 374 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.304
Nachychko, V.O., Helesh, M.B., Sosnovsky, Y.V., Shevera, M.V. & Honcharenko, V.I. (2017) Some nomenclatural and taxonomic notes on Salvia dumetorum (Lamiaceae). Phytotaxa 332 (1): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.1.9
Nevski, A.A. (1937) Trudy Botanicheskogo Instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR. Ser. 1, Flora I. Sistematika Vysshikh Rastenii. Moscow & Leningrad 4: 327.
Noter, R. (1905) Salvia turkestanica. Revue Horticole (Paris) 77: 502.
Nowak, A., Nobis, M., Nowak, S., Nobis, A., Wróbel, A., ?wierszcz, S., Klichowska, E., Dembicz, I. & Kusza, G. (2020) Illustrated flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas. Polish Academy of Sciences, Botanical Garden Center for Biological Diversity Conservation and Polish Botanical Society, Warsaw-Cracow-Opole, 768 pp.
Opiz, F.M. (1852) Seznam rostlin kv?teny ?eské. V Komissii u Fr. ?ivná?e, Prague, 11 pp.
Pobedimova, E.G. (1954) Salvia. In: Shishkin, B.K. (Ed.) Flora of the U.S.S.R. 21. Izdatel’stvo Akademii Nauk SSR, Moscow, pp. 154–657.
Pobedimova, E.G. (1972) Arischrada korolkovii. Novosti Sistematiki Vysshchikh Rastenii 9: 247.
Rafinesque, C.S. (1837) Flora Telluriana Vol. 3. 1st ed. Rafinesque, Philadelphia, 94 pp.
Rechinger, K.H. (1941) Salvia honigbergeri. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 51: 418.
Rechinger, K.H. & Wendelbo, P. (1967) Zhumeria majdae. Nytt Magasin for Botanik (Oslo) 14: 39–43.
Rose, J.P., Kriebel, R., Kahan, L., DiNicola, A., González-Gallegos, J.G., Celep, F., Lemmon, E.M., Lemmon, A.R., Sytsma, K.J. & Drew, B.T. (2021) Sage insights into the phylogeny of Salvia: dealing with sources of discordance within and across genomes. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 767478. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.767478
Soják, J. (1983) Fragmenta phytotaxonomica et nomenclatorica. ?asopis Národního Muzea v Praze, Rada P?írodov?dna, Prague 152: 22.
Turdiboev, O. & Turginov, O. (2021) Taxonomical composition of the genus Salvia L. in the Flora of Uzbekistan. Journal of Biology of Uzbekistan 1: 34–38.
Turdiboev, O.A., Baikova, E.V., Akbarov, F. & Baikov, K.S. (2021) Notes on Salvia baldshuanica (Lamiaceae), an endemic species from Middle Asia. Botanica Pacifica 10: 87–92. https://doi.org/10.17581/bp.2021.10203
Turginov, O., Turdiboev, O. & Khoshimov, K. (2019) Endemic species of the genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae Lindl.) in flora of Uzbekistan. Scientific Bulletin of Namangan State University 1: 65–72. [In Uzbek with English and Russian abstract]
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.H., Li, D.Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. [Regnum Vegetabile 159] Koeltz Botanical Books. Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
Vvedensky, A.I. (1961) Salvia L. In: Vvedensky, A.I. (Ed.) Flora of Uzbekistan, 3. Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent, pp. 382–394. [in Russian]
Walker, J.B. & Sytsma, K.J. (2007) Staminal evolution in the genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): molecular phylogenetic evidence for multiple origins of the staminal lever. Annals of Botany 100: 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcl176
Walker, J.B., Drew, B.T. & Sytsma, K.J. (2015) Unravelling species relationships and diversification within the iconic California Floristic Province sages (Salvia subgenus Audibertia, Lamiaceae). Systematic Botany 40: 826–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X689285
Will, M. & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. (2017) Time to split Salvia s.l. (Lamiaceae) – New insights from Old World Salvia phylogeny. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 109: 33–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.041
Xiang, C.L., Hu, G.X. & Peng, H. (2016) Salvia wuana (Lamiaceae), a new name for S. pauciflora E. Peter. Phytotaxa 255 (1): 99–100. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.255.1.10
Zhao, F., Chen, Y.P., Salmaki, Y., Drew, B.T., Wilson, T.C., Scheen, A.-C., Celep, F., Bräuchler, C., Bendiksby, M., Wang, Q., Min, D.-Z., Peng, H., Olmstead, R.G., Li, B. & Xiang, C.-L. (2021) An updated tribal classification of Lamiaceae based on plastome Phylogenomics. BMC Biology 19: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12915-020-00931-z
Zhang, Y.M., Li, Y.M., Shen, G.M., Olonova, M. & Zhang, D.Y. (2013) Plant resources and utilization in Central Asia. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, pp. 1–328
Zhogoleva, E.P. & Kochkareva, T.F. (1986) Salvia L. In: Kochkareva, T.F. (Ed.) Flora of Tajikistan, 8. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 241–257. [in Russian]