Abstract
The most speciose bamboo genus worldwide is Chusquea with 195 described species, 24 of which occur in Mexico. Chusquea is classified into five subgenera, with two of them present in Mexico. Chusquea subg. Chusquea is classified into six sections, of which Chusquea sect. Serpentes has eight described species; one of them is present in Mexico. Forty-three years ago, S.D. Koch and P.A. Fryxell collected a vegetative Chusquea species from Suchixtepec, Oaxaca in the Sierra Madre del Sur with a circular central bud and the infravaginal branching pattern. The same unknown species was collected in 1993 by L.G. Clark, and again by E. Ruiz-Sanchez & L. Cervantes in 2013. Based on these collections and a morphological analysis, here we describe a new Chusquea species, C. kochii, in honor of the late agrostologist S.D. Koch. This species most closely resembles C. glauca. Here we present a geographical distribution map, illustrations, photographs, and a morphological comparison with C. glauca. Chusquea increases to a total of 196 described species, 25 of them present in Mexico, and sect. Serpentes now has nine species, two of them distributed in Mexico. The number of woody bamboo species native to Mexico increases to 58, with 41 of them, including C. kochii, endemic to Mexico.
References
Attigala, L., Fuentes, A.F. & Clark, L.G. (2017) Chusquea sect. Tenellae (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae), a taxonomic revision of a new section from South America. Phytotaxa 324 (3): 239–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.2
Clark, L.G. (1985) Three new species of Chusquea (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 72: 864–873. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399228]
Clark, L.G. (1986) Eight new species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Iowa State Journal Research 61: 99–122.
Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of Chusquea section Swallenochloa, section Verticillatae, section Serpentes, and section Longifoliae (Poaceae–Bambusoideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 27: 1–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027724
Clark, L.G. (1997) Diversity, biogeography and evolution of Chusquea. In: Chapman, G. (Ed.) The bamboos. Linnean Society symposium series no. 19. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 33–44.
Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sanchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. In: Liese, W. & Ko?hl, M. (Eds.) Bamboo: The plant and its uses, Vol. 10. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1
Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. Systematic Botany 39: 829–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554
Fisher, A., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C.-S., Schiller, A., Oltrogge, K., Schroder, E., Kelchner, S. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). Systematic Botany 34: 673–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790
Hackel, E. (1903) Neue Gräser. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 53: 153–159. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89853]
Kunth, C.S. (1822) Sur le genre Bambusa. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’histoire Naturelle et des Arts 95: 148–151.
McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9
McMurchie, E.A., Peterson, B., Leandro, T.H.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (in press) A revision of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) including two new species from South America. Systematic Botany: 47.
Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 3782 (1): 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1
Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277 (2): 277?279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8
Morton, C.V. (1935) New species of plants from Guatemala. Phytologia 1: 145–150.
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Clark, L.G. (2017) Chusquea septentrionalis sp. nov. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Madrean region in Durango, Mexico. Nordic Journal of Botany 35: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01606
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Zamora-Tavares, M.P. (2021a) Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico. Taxon 70: 747–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12462
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014a) A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species. Phytotaxa 163: 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.1.2
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014b) Chusquea nedjaquithii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae), a new endemic species from Oaxaca, Mexico. Phytotaxa 184: 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.1.3
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T., Cortés, G. & Clark, L.G. (2015) Chusquea gibcooperi (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) a new species endemic to Mexico. Brittonia 67: 227–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12228-015-9377-1
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Munguía-Lino, G., Vargas-Amado, G. & Rodríguez, A. (2020) Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz062
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzmán, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b) Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa 497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021c) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. Botanical Sciences 99: 198–228. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D. & Vigosa-Mercado, J.L. (2021d) An overlooked new endemic species of Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) from Mexico. Systematic Botany 46: 333–328. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047569
Santiago-Alvarado, M., Montaño-Arias, G. & Espinosa, D. (2016) Áreas de endemismo de la Sierra Madre del Sur. In: Luna-Vega, I., Espinosa, D. & Contreras-Medina, R. (Eds.) Biodiversidad de la Sierra Madre del Sur: una síntesis preliminar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, pp. 431–448.
Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010
Thiers, B. (2021) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 26 October 2021)
Clark, L.G. (1985) Three new species of Chusquea (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 72: 864–873. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399228]
Clark, L.G. (1986) Eight new species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). Iowa State Journal Research 61: 99–122.
Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of Chusquea section Swallenochloa, section Verticillatae, section Serpentes, and section Longifoliae (Poaceae–Bambusoideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 27: 1–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027724
Clark, L.G. (1997) Diversity, biogeography and evolution of Chusquea. In: Chapman, G. (Ed.) The bamboos. Linnean Society symposium series no. 19. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 33–44.
Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sanchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. In: Liese, W. & Ko?hl, M. (Eds.) Bamboo: The plant and its uses, Vol. 10. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1
Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. Systematic Botany 39: 829–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554
Fisher, A., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C.-S., Schiller, A., Oltrogge, K., Schroder, E., Kelchner, S. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). Systematic Botany 34: 673–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790
Hackel, E. (1903) Neue Gräser. Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 53: 153–159. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89853]
Kunth, C.S. (1822) Sur le genre Bambusa. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’histoire Naturelle et des Arts 95: 148–151.
McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 9: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9
McMurchie, E.A., Peterson, B., Leandro, T.H.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (in press) A revision of Chusquea sect. Serpentes (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) including two new species from South America. Systematic Botany: 47.
Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 3782 (1): 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1
Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. Zootaxa 4277 (2): 277?279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8
Morton, C.V. (1935) New species of plants from Guatemala. Phytologia 1: 145–150.
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Clark, L.G. (2017) Chusquea septentrionalis sp. nov. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Madrean region in Durango, Mexico. Nordic Journal of Botany 35: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01606
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Zamora-Tavares, M.P. (2021a) Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico. Taxon 70: 747–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12462
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014a) A new endangered species of Chusquea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican Chusquea species. Phytotaxa 163: 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.1.2
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014b) Chusquea nedjaquithii (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae), a new endemic species from Oaxaca, Mexico. Phytotaxa 184: 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.1.3
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T., Cortés, G. & Clark, L.G. (2015) Chusquea gibcooperi (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) a new species endemic to Mexico. Brittonia 67: 227–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12228-015-9377-1
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Munguía-Lino, G., Vargas-Amado, G. & Rodríguez, A. (2020) Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 192: 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz062
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzmán, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b) Chusquea contrerasii and C. guzmanii (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. Phytotaxa 497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021c) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. Botanical Sciences 99: 198–228. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722
Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D. & Vigosa-Mercado, J.L. (2021d) An overlooked new endemic species of Rhipidocladum (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) from Mexico. Systematic Botany 46: 333–328. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047569
Santiago-Alvarado, M., Montaño-Arias, G. & Espinosa, D. (2016) Áreas de endemismo de la Sierra Madre del Sur. In: Luna-Vega, I., Espinosa, D. & Contreras-Medina, R. (Eds.) Biodiversidad de la Sierra Madre del Sur: una síntesis preliminar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, pp. 431–448.
Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010
Thiers, B. (2021) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 26 October 2021)