Abstract
The most speciose bamboo genus worldwide is Chusquea with 195 described species, 24 of which occur in Mexico. Chusquea is classified into five subgenera, with two of them present in Mexico. Chusquea subg. Chusquea is classified into six sections, of which Chusquea sect. Serpentes has eight described species; one of them is present in Mexico. Forty-three years ago, S.D. Koch and P.A. Fryxell collected a vegetative Chusquea species from Suchixtepec, Oaxaca in the Sierra Madre del Sur with a circular central bud and the infravaginal branching pattern. The same unknown species was collected in 1993 by L.G. Clark, and again by E. Ruiz-Sanchez & L. Cervantes in 2013. Based on these collections and a morphological analysis, here we describe a new Chusquea species, C. kochii, in honor of the late agrostologist S.D. Koch. This species most closely resembles C. glauca. Here we present a geographical distribution map, illustrations, photographs, and a morphological comparison with C. glauca. Chusquea increases to a total of 196 described species, 25 of them present in Mexico, and sect. Serpentes now has nine species, two of them distributed in Mexico. The number of woody bamboo species native to Mexico increases to 58, with 41 of them, including C. kochii, endemic to Mexico.
References
<p>Attigala, L., Fuentes, A.F. & Clark, L.G. (2017) <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Tenellae</em> (Bambuseae, Bambusoideae, Poaceae), a taxonomic revision of a new section from South America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 324 (3): 239–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.324.3.2</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1985) Three new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 72: 864–873. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399228]</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1986) Eight new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>Iowa State Journal Research</em> 61: 99–122.</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of <em>Chusquea</em> section <em>Swallenochloa</em>, section <em>Verticillatae</em>, section <em>Serpentes</em>, and section <em>Longifoliae</em> (Poaceae–Bambusoideae). <em>Systematic Botany Monographs</em> 27: 1–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027724</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1997) Diversity, biogeography and evolution of <em>Chusquea</em>. <em>In</em>: Chapman, G. (Ed.) <em>The bamboos</em>. Linnean Society symposium series no. 19. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 33–44.</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sanchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. <em>In</em>: Liese, W. & Köhl, M. (Eds.) <em>Bamboo: The plant and its uses</em>, Vol. 10. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1</p>
<p>Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 39: 829–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554</p>
<p>Fisher, A., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C.-S., Schiller, A., Oltrogge, K., Schroder, E., Kelchner, S. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 34: 673–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790</p>
<p>Hackel, E. (1903) Neue Gräser. <em>Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift</em> 53: 153–159. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89853]</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1822) Sur le genre <em>Bambusa</em>. <em>Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’histoire Naturelle et des Arts </em>95: 148–151.</p>
<p>McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Botany</em> 9: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9</p>
<p>McMurchie, E.A., Peterson, B., Leandro, T.H.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (in press) A revision of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Serpentes</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) including two new species from South America. <em>Systematic Botany: </em>47.</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region. <em>Zootaxa </em>3782 (1): 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. <em>Zootaxa </em>4277 (2): 277−279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8</p>
<p>Morton, C.V. (1935) New species of plants from Guatemala. <em>Phytologia</em> 1: 145–150.</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Clark, L.G. (2017) <em>Chusquea septentrionalis</em> sp. nov. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Madrean region in Durango, Mexico. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 35: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01606</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Zamora-Tavares, M.P. (2021a) Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of <em>Otatea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico. <em>Taxon</em> 70: 747–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12462</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014a) A new endangered species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican <em>Chusquea</em> species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 163: 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.1.2</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014b) <em>Chusquea nedjaquithii</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae), a new endemic species from Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 184: 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.1.3</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T., Cortés, G. & Clark, L.G. (2015) <em>Chusquea gibcooperi</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) a new species endemic to Mexico. <em>Brittonia</em> 67: 227–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12228-015-9377-1</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Munguía-Lino, G., Vargas-Amado, G. & Rodríguez, A. (2020) Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 192: 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz062</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzmán, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b) <em>Chusquea contrerasii</em> and <em>C. guzmanii</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021c) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. <em>Botanical Sciences</em> 99: 198–228. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D. & Vigosa-Mercado, J.L. (2021d) An overlooked new endemic species of <em>Rhipidocladum</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) from Mexico. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 46: 333–328. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047569 </p>
<p>Santiago-Alvarado, M., Montaño-Arias, G. & Espinosa, D. (2016) Áreas de endemismo de la Sierra Madre del Sur. <em>In</em>: Luna-Vega, I., Espinosa, D. & Contreras-Medina, R. (Eds.) <em>Biodiversidad de la Sierra Madre del Sur</em>: una síntesis preliminar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, pp. 431–448.</p>
<p>Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum</em>: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 26 October 2021)</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1985) Three new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 72: 864–873. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2399228]</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1986) Eight new species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae). <em>Iowa State Journal Research</em> 61: 99–122.</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1989) Systematics of <em>Chusquea</em> section <em>Swallenochloa</em>, section <em>Verticillatae</em>, section <em>Serpentes</em>, and section <em>Longifoliae</em> (Poaceae–Bambusoideae). <em>Systematic Botany Monographs</em> 27: 1–127. https://doi.org/10.2307/25027724</p>
<p>Clark, L.G. (1997) Diversity, biogeography and evolution of <em>Chusquea</em>. <em>In</em>: Chapman, G. (Ed.) <em>The bamboos</em>. Linnean Society symposium series no. 19. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 33–44.</p>
<p>Clark, L.G., Londoño, X. & Ruiz-Sanchez, E. (2015) Bamboo taxonomy and habitat. <em>In</em>: Liese, W. & Köhl, M. (Eds.) <em>Bamboo: The plant and its uses</em>, Vol. 10. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp. 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14133-6_1</p>
<p>Fisher, A.E., Clark, L.G. & Kelchner, S.A. (2014) Molecular phylogeny estimation of the bamboo genus <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) and description of two new subgenera. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 39: 829–844. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364414X681554</p>
<p>Fisher, A., Triplett, J.K., Ho, C.-S., Schiller, A., Oltrogge, K., Schroder, E., Kelchner, S. & Clark, L.G. (2009) Paraphyly in the Chusqueinae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). <em>Systematic Botany</em> 34: 673–683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409790139790</p>
<p>Hackel, E. (1903) Neue Gräser. <em>Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift</em> 53: 153–159. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/89853]</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1822) Sur le genre <em>Bambusa</em>. <em>Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d’histoire Naturelle et des Arts </em>95: 148–151.</p>
<p>McClure, F.A. (1973) Genera of bamboos native to the New World (Gramineae: Bambusoideae). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Botany</em> 9: 1–148. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.9</p>
<p>McMurchie, E.A., Peterson, B., Leandro, T.H.D., Londoño, X. & Clark, L.G. (in press) A revision of <em>Chusquea</em> sect. <em>Serpentes</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) including two new species from South America. <em>Systematic Botany: </em>47.</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographical regionalization of the Neotropical region. <em>Zootaxa </em>3782 (1): 1–110. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1</p>
<p>Morrone, J.J., Escalante, T. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. (2017) Mexican biogeographic provinces: map and shapefiles. <em>Zootaxa </em>4277 (2): 277−279. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4277.2.8</p>
<p>Morton, C.V. (1935) New species of plants from Guatemala. <em>Phytologia</em> 1: 145–150.</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Clark, L.G. (2017) <em>Chusquea septentrionalis</em> sp. nov. (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Madrean region in Durango, Mexico. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 35: 546–551. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.01606</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Castro-Castro, A. & Zamora-Tavares, M.P. (2021a) Molecular and morphological data support the recognition of a new species of <em>Otatea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Guaduinae) from Durango, Mexico. <em>Taxon</em> 70: 747–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12462</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014a) A new endangered species of <em>Chusquea</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from the Acatlán volcano in central Veracruz, Mexico, and keys to the Mexican <em>Chusquea</em> species. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 163: 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.1.2</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T. & Clark, L.G. (2014b) <em>Chusquea nedjaquithii</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae), a new endemic species from Oaxaca, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 184: 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.184.1.3</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Mejía-Saulés, M.T., Cortés, G. & Clark, L.G. (2015) <em>Chusquea gibcooperi</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Chusqueinae) a new species endemic to Mexico. <em>Brittonia</em> 67: 227–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12228-015-9377-1</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Munguía-Lino, G., Vargas-Amado, G. & Rodríguez, A. (2020) Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae). <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society</em> 192: 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boz062</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Romero-Guzmán, R., Flores-Argüelles, A., Ortiz-Brunel, J.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021b) <em>Chusquea contrerasii</em> and <em>C. guzmanii</em> (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae, Chusqueinae), two new endemic species from Jalisco, Mexico. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 497 (3): 285–297. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.497.3.7</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D., Londoño, X., Oliveira, R.P. & Clark, L.G. (2021c) Diversity, distribution, and classification of Neotropical woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) in the 21st Century. <em>Botanical Sciences</em> 99: 198–228. https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2722</p>
<p>Ruiz-Sanchez, E., Tyrrell, C.D. & Vigosa-Mercado, J.L. (2021d) An overlooked new endemic species of <em>Rhipidocladum</em> (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae: Arthrostylidiinae) from Mexico. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 46: 333–328. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364421X16231782047569 </p>
<p>Santiago-Alvarado, M., Montaño-Arias, G. & Espinosa, D. (2016) Áreas de endemismo de la Sierra Madre del Sur. <em>In</em>: Luna-Vega, I., Espinosa, D. & Contreras-Medina, R. (Eds.) <em>Biodiversidad de la Sierra Madre del Sur</em>: una síntesis preliminar. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, pp. 431–448.</p>
<p>Soderstrom, T.R. & Young, S.M. (1983) A guide to collecting bamboos. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 70: 128–136. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399010</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2021) <em>Index Herbariorum</em>: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 26 October 2021)</p>