Abstract
Amanita pallidoverruca, a new species of A. sect. Validae, is described from the Hengduan Mountains, southwestern China. This species is associated with Picea trees and is characterized by a greyish brown pileus decorated with dirty white to greyish warts, non-striate and non-appendiculate pileal margin, subapical annulus with a greyish yellow to olivaceous edge, and amyloid, ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 8–10 × 6–7 μm. Phylogenetic analyses based on nrLSU, ITS, rpb2 and tef1-α indicated that it is closely related to A. excelsa. Illustrated morphological descriptions, and comparisons with closely related and similar species are provided.
References
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Bertillon. (1866) Amanites. In: Dechambre, A. (Ed.) Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales. Vol. 1. V. Masson et fils, Paris. pp. 491–511.
Bresinsky, A. & Besl, H. (1990) A colour atlas of poisonous fungi: a handbook for pharmacists, doctors, and biologists. Wolf Publishing Ltd., London.
Cai, Q., Tulloss, R.E., Tang, L.P., Tolgor, B., Zhang, P., Chen, Z.H. & Yang, Z.L. (2014) Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: implications for species diversity and historical biogeography. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-143
Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17: 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
Cho, H.J., Park, M.S., Lee, H., Oh, S.Y., Jang, Y., Fong, J.J. & Lim, Y.W. (2015) Four new species of Amanita in Inje County, Korea. Mycobiology 43: 408–414. https://doi.org/10.5941/Myco.2015.43.4.408
Codjia, J.E.I., Cai, Q., Zhou, S.W., Luo, H., Ryberg, M., Yorou, N.S. & Yang, Z.L. (2020) Morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and toxin analysis reveal Amanita albolimbata, the first lethal Amanita species from Benin, West Africa. Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 599047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.599047
Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q., Tang, L.P., Liu, J.W. & Yang, Z.L. (2018) The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China. Fungal Diversity 91: 5–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0405-9
Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q. & Yang, Z.L. (2021) Amanita chuformis, a new Amanita species with a marginate basal bulb. Mycoscience 62: 29–35. https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2020.08.003
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
Fraiture, A., Amalfi, M., Raspe, O., Kaya, E., Akata, I. & Degreef, J. (2019) Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins. Mycokeys 53: 93–125. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560
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Fries, E.M. (1854) Monographia Amanitarum Sueciae. C.A. Leffler, Upsaliae.
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hongo, T. (1959) The Agaricales of Japan I-(1). Memoirs of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, Part2, Natural Science 9: 47–94.
Imai, S. (1938) Studies in the Agaricaceae of Hokkaido. I. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 43: 1–31.
Imai, S. (1933) Studies on the Agaricaceae of Japan I. Volvate agarics in Hokkaido. The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 47: 423–432.
Jabeen, S., Kiran, M., Khan, J., Ahmad, I., Ahmad, H., Sher, H. & Khalid, A.N. (2019) Amanita ahmadii, a new species of Amanita subgenus Amanitina section Validae from Pakistan. MycoKeys 56: 81–99. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.56.31819
Jin, Y.J., Yoo, K.B., Hong, S.B., Kwon, S.W., Kim, S.J., Kim, S.H. & Seok, S.J. (2015) Notes on the unrecorded species of subgenus Lepidella in Korean genus Amanita. The Korean Journal of Mycology 43: 216–223.
Jo, J.W., Kwag, Y.N., Kim, H.S., Lee, H., Han, S.K., Han, J.G., Oh, S.H. & Kim, C.S. (2020) A new species and two new records of Amanita (Amanitaceae; Basidiomycota) from South Korea. Phytotaxa 451: 21–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.2
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1981) Taschenlexikon der Farben. 3. Aufl. Muster-Schmidt Verlag, Göttingen.
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y.W. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
Mehmood, T., Das, K., Hosen, M.I., Bhatt, R.P., Uniyal, P. & Singh, U. (2018) Two new species of Amanita (Amanitaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India. Phytotaxa 367: 219–232. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.367.3.2
Mighell, K.S., Henkel, T.W., Koch, R.A., Chin, M.L., Brann, M.A. & Aime, M.C. (2021) Amanita in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest: epitypes and new species from the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Mycologia 113: 168–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1816386
Mighell, K.S., Henkel, T.W., Koch, R.A., Goss, A. & Aime, M.C. (2019) New species of Amanita subgen. Lepidella from Guyana. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.03.01
Mu, M., Huang, H.Y., Zhang, W.H. & Tang, L.P. (2021) A new species with pink lamellae of Amanita section Caesareae from China. Phytotaxa 478: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.10
Nascimento, C.C., Sa, M.C.A., Bezerra, J.L. & Wartchow, F. (2018) Amanita dulciodora (Amanitaceae, Basidiomycota), a striking new species of Amanita section Lepidella from Northeast Brazil. Plant Ecology and Evolution 151: 262–270. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1395
Neville, P. & Poumarat, S. (2004) Amaniteae: Amanita, Limacella & Torrendia. Edizioni Candusso, Alssio.
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodicae fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias. Lipsiae, P.P. Wolf. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674
Quélet, L. (1872) Les Champignons du Jura et des Vosges. Mémoires de la Société d’Émulation de Montbéliard sér. II 5: 43–332.
Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Saba, M., Haelewaters, D., Fiaz, M., Khalid, A.N. & Pfister, D.H. (2019) Amanita mansehraensis, a new species in section Vaginatae from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 409: 189–201. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.409.4.1
Saccardo, P.A. (1887) Sylloge hymenomycetum, vol. I. Agaricineae. Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum 5: 1–1146.
Semwal, K.C., Das, K., Bhatt, R.P., Mehmood, T. & Bhatt, V.K. (2020) Amanita pseudorufobrunnescens, a new species of Amanita section Amidella from Indian Himalaya. Kew Bulletin 75: 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-9874-6
Smith, S.A. & Dunn, C.W. (2008) Phyutility: a phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data. Bioinformatics 24: 715–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm619
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and postanalysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313.
Ullah, S., Wilson, A.W., Tulloss, R.E., Fiaz, M., Mueller, G.M. & Khalid, A.N. (2019) Amanita cinis and A. olivovaginata (Basidiomycota, Amanitaceae), two new species, and the first record of A. emodotrygon, from Northwestern Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Botany 43: 831–849. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1903-21
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246.
Wartchow, F. (2019) Amanita xenokommosis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a striking new species from sand dune forest of northeastern Brazil, with a key for phenetically similar species*. Plant Biosystems 154: 700–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1674405
Wood, A.R. (2017) Fungi and invasions in South Africa. Bothalia 47: a2124. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2124
Yang, Z.L. (1997) Die Amanita-Arten von Südwestchina. Bibliotheca Mycologica 170: 1–240.
Yang, Z.L. (2004) Two new species of Amanita (Basidiomycota) from China. In: Agerer, R., Pieppenbring, M. & Blanz, P. (Eds.) Frontiers in Basidiomycote Mycology. Eching: IHW Verlag. pp. 315–324.
Yang, Z.L. (2005) Flora fungorum sinicorum, volume 27 (Amanitaceae). Science Press, Beijing.
Yang, Z.L. (2015) Atlas of the Chinese species of Amanitaceae. Science Press, Beijing.
Yang, Z.L., Cai, Q. & Cui, Y.Y. (2018) Phylogeny, diversity and morphological evolution of Amanitaceae. Biosystematics and Ecology Series 34: 359–380.
Zhang, K.P., Zhang, Y.Z., Sun, C.Y., Zhang, H.S., Lu, J.J., Si, J. & Li, H.J. (2020) Amanita lacerosquamosa, a new species of Amanita sect. Validae from southwestern China. Phytotaxa 456: 95–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.1.7
Zhang, W.H., Huang, T., Huang, H.Y. & Tang, L.P. (2021) Amanita annulata, a new species of Amanita section Vaginatae with an annulus from southwestern China. Phytotaxa 514: 261–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.3.6
Zhong, J., Li, G.W., Pu, J.B., Chen, Z.H. & Zhang, P. (2021) Two new species of Amanita section Roanokenses with a radicating basal bulb. Mycological Progress 20: 967–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01713-9
Bertillon. (1866) Amanites. In: Dechambre, A. (Ed.) Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales. Vol. 1. V. Masson et fils, Paris. pp. 491–511.
Bresinsky, A. & Besl, H. (1990) A colour atlas of poisonous fungi: a handbook for pharmacists, doctors, and biologists. Wolf Publishing Ltd., London.
Cai, Q., Tulloss, R.E., Tang, L.P., Tolgor, B., Zhang, P., Chen, Z.H. & Yang, Z.L. (2014) Multi-locus phylogeny of lethal amanitas: implications for species diversity and historical biogeography. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-143
Castresana, J. (2000) Selection of conserved blocks from multiple alignments for their use in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution 17: 540–552. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026334
Cho, H.J., Park, M.S., Lee, H., Oh, S.Y., Jang, Y., Fong, J.J. & Lim, Y.W. (2015) Four new species of Amanita in Inje County, Korea. Mycobiology 43: 408–414. https://doi.org/10.5941/Myco.2015.43.4.408
Codjia, J.E.I., Cai, Q., Zhou, S.W., Luo, H., Ryberg, M., Yorou, N.S. & Yang, Z.L. (2020) Morphology, multilocus phylogeny, and toxin analysis reveal Amanita albolimbata, the first lethal Amanita species from Benin, West Africa. Frontiers in Microbiology 11: 599047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.599047
Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q., Tang, L.P., Liu, J.W. & Yang, Z.L. (2018) The family Amanitaceae: molecular phylogeny, higher-rank taxonomy and the species in China. Fungal Diversity 91: 5–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-018-0405-9
Cui, Y.Y., Cai, Q. & Yang, Z.L. (2021) Amanita chuformis, a new Amanita species with a marginate basal bulb. Mycoscience 62: 29–35. https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2020.08.003
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
Fraiture, A., Amalfi, M., Raspe, O., Kaya, E., Akata, I. & Degreef, J. (2019) Two new species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae from Africa, one of which is devoid of amatoxins and phallotoxins. Mycokeys 53: 93–125. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.53.34560
Fries, E.M. (1821) Systema mycologicum, sistens fungorum ordines, genera et species, huc usque cognitas, quas ad normam methodi naturalis determinavit, disposuit atque descripsit Gryphiswaldiae, Lund. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5378
Fries, E.M. (1854) Monographia Amanitarum Sueciae. C.A. Leffler, Upsaliae.
Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes-application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Molecular Ecology 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hongo, T. (1959) The Agaricales of Japan I-(1). Memoirs of the Faculty of Liberal Arts and Education, Shiga University, Part2, Natural Science 9: 47–94.
Imai, S. (1938) Studies in the Agaricaceae of Hokkaido. I. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University 43: 1–31.
Imai, S. (1933) Studies on the Agaricaceae of Japan I. Volvate agarics in Hokkaido. The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo) 47: 423–432.
Jabeen, S., Kiran, M., Khan, J., Ahmad, I., Ahmad, H., Sher, H. & Khalid, A.N. (2019) Amanita ahmadii, a new species of Amanita subgenus Amanitina section Validae from Pakistan. MycoKeys 56: 81–99. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.56.31819
Jin, Y.J., Yoo, K.B., Hong, S.B., Kwon, S.W., Kim, S.J., Kim, S.H. & Seok, S.J. (2015) Notes on the unrecorded species of subgenus Lepidella in Korean genus Amanita. The Korean Journal of Mycology 43: 216–223.
Jo, J.W., Kwag, Y.N., Kim, H.S., Lee, H., Han, S.K., Han, J.G., Oh, S.H. & Kim, C.S. (2020) A new species and two new records of Amanita (Amanitaceae; Basidiomycota) from South Korea. Phytotaxa 451: 21–33. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.451.1.2
Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1981) Taschenlexikon der Farben. 3. Aufl. Muster-Schmidt Verlag, Göttingen.
Lanfear, R., Calcott, B., Ho, S.Y.W. & Guindon, S. (2012) PartitionFinder: combined selection of partitioning schemes and substitution models for phylogenetic analyses. Molecular Biology and Evolution 29: 1695–1701. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mss020
Mehmood, T., Das, K., Hosen, M.I., Bhatt, R.P., Uniyal, P. & Singh, U. (2018) Two new species of Amanita (Amanitaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India. Phytotaxa 367: 219–232. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.367.3.2
Mighell, K.S., Henkel, T.W., Koch, R.A., Chin, M.L., Brann, M.A. & Aime, M.C. (2021) Amanita in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest: epitypes and new species from the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Mycologia 113: 168–190. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2020.1816386
Mighell, K.S., Henkel, T.W., Koch, R.A., Goss, A. & Aime, M.C. (2019) New species of Amanita subgen. Lepidella from Guyana. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 3: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2019.03.01
Mu, M., Huang, H.Y., Zhang, W.H. & Tang, L.P. (2021) A new species with pink lamellae of Amanita section Caesareae from China. Phytotaxa 478: 141–150. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.478.1.10
Nascimento, C.C., Sa, M.C.A., Bezerra, J.L. & Wartchow, F. (2018) Amanita dulciodora (Amanitaceae, Basidiomycota), a striking new species of Amanita section Lepidella from Northeast Brazil. Plant Ecology and Evolution 151: 262–270. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1395
Neville, P. & Poumarat, S. (2004) Amaniteae: Amanita, Limacella & Torrendia. Edizioni Candusso, Alssio.
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodicae fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias. Lipsiae, P.P. Wolf. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674
Quélet, L. (1872) Les Champignons du Jura et des Vosges. Mémoires de la Société d’Émulation de Montbéliard sér. II 5: 43–332.
Rehner, S.A. & Buckley, E. (2005) A Beauveria phylogeny inferred from nuclear ITS and EF1-alpha sequences: evidence for cryptic diversification and links to Cordyceps teleomorphs. Mycologia 97: 84–98. https://doi.org/10.3852/mycologia.97.1.84
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Saba, M., Haelewaters, D., Fiaz, M., Khalid, A.N. & Pfister, D.H. (2019) Amanita mansehraensis, a new species in section Vaginatae from Pakistan. Phytotaxa 409: 189–201. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.409.4.1
Saccardo, P.A. (1887) Sylloge hymenomycetum, vol. I. Agaricineae. Sylloge fungorum omnium hucusque cognitorum 5: 1–1146.
Semwal, K.C., Das, K., Bhatt, R.P., Mehmood, T. & Bhatt, V.K. (2020) Amanita pseudorufobrunnescens, a new species of Amanita section Amidella from Indian Himalaya. Kew Bulletin 75: 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12225-020-9874-6
Smith, S.A. & Dunn, C.W. (2008) Phyutility: a phyloinformatics tool for trees, alignments and molecular data. Bioinformatics 24: 715–716. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm619
Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and postanalysis of large phylogenies. Bioinformatics 30: 1312–1313.
Ullah, S., Wilson, A.W., Tulloss, R.E., Fiaz, M., Mueller, G.M. & Khalid, A.N. (2019) Amanita cinis and A. olivovaginata (Basidiomycota, Amanitaceae), two new species, and the first record of A. emodotrygon, from Northwestern Pakistan. Turkish Journal of Botany 43: 831–849. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1903-21
Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology 172: 4238–4246.
Wartchow, F. (2019) Amanita xenokommosis (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), a striking new species from sand dune forest of northeastern Brazil, with a key for phenetically similar species*. Plant Biosystems 154: 700–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1674405
Wood, A.R. (2017) Fungi and invasions in South Africa. Bothalia 47: a2124. https://doi.org/10.4102/abc.v47i2.2124
Yang, Z.L. (1997) Die Amanita-Arten von Südwestchina. Bibliotheca Mycologica 170: 1–240.
Yang, Z.L. (2004) Two new species of Amanita (Basidiomycota) from China. In: Agerer, R., Pieppenbring, M. & Blanz, P. (Eds.) Frontiers in Basidiomycote Mycology. Eching: IHW Verlag. pp. 315–324.
Yang, Z.L. (2005) Flora fungorum sinicorum, volume 27 (Amanitaceae). Science Press, Beijing.
Yang, Z.L. (2015) Atlas of the Chinese species of Amanitaceae. Science Press, Beijing.
Yang, Z.L., Cai, Q. & Cui, Y.Y. (2018) Phylogeny, diversity and morphological evolution of Amanitaceae. Biosystematics and Ecology Series 34: 359–380.
Zhang, K.P., Zhang, Y.Z., Sun, C.Y., Zhang, H.S., Lu, J.J., Si, J. & Li, H.J. (2020) Amanita lacerosquamosa, a new species of Amanita sect. Validae from southwestern China. Phytotaxa 456: 95–104. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.456.1.7
Zhang, W.H., Huang, T., Huang, H.Y. & Tang, L.P. (2021) Amanita annulata, a new species of Amanita section Vaginatae with an annulus from southwestern China. Phytotaxa 514: 261–274. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.514.3.6
Zhong, J., Li, G.W., Pu, J.B., Chen, Z.H. & Zhang, P. (2021) Two new species of Amanita section Roanokenses with a radicating basal bulb. Mycological Progress 20: 967–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01713-9