Abstract
Arenaria izmirensis is described as a new species from the mountain of Mahmut (district of İzmir, Western Turkey). The new species is morphologically similar to A. tmolea, A. sipylea, A. uninervia, and A. cretica from which it differs in having a procumbent habit, different habit and shapes basal leaves, densely glandular sepals, and smaller petals. A detailed description, ecological data, original drawings and photos, and the conservation status are given.
References
<p>Aytaç, Z. & Duman, H. (2004) Six new taxa (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 41: 213–221.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1843) <em>Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum Series</em>, vol. 1 (1). Bey Johann Jakob Palm, Lipsiae, 130 pp.</p>
<p>Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (eds.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em> (Suppl. 1), vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 65–67.</p>
<p>Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim., T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) (2012) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araþtırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 1290 pp.</p>
<p>Harbaugh, D.T., Nepokroeff, M., Rabeler, R.K., McNeill, J., Zimmer, E.A. & Wagner, W.L. (2010) A new lineage-based tribal classification of the family Caryophyllaceae. <em>International Journal of Plant Science </em>171: 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1086/648993</p>
<p>Hartman, R., Rabeler, R.I. & Utech, F. (2005) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) <em>Flora of North America north of Mexico</em>, vol. 4. Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, pp. 51–56.</p>
<p>Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., Mering, S.von, Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G., Ochoterena, H., Oxelman, B., Rabeler, R.K., Sanchez, A., Schlumpberger, B.O. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. <em>Willdenowia</em> 45: 281−383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301</p>
<p>Hoffmann, G.F. (1795) <em>Deutschlands Flora, oder, Botanisches Taschenbuch</em>, vol. 2. Johann. Jacob Palm., Erlangen, 200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.126793</p>
<p>Hubbard, C.E. (1953) <em>Flora of Bedfordshire</em>. Corporation of Luton, Luton, 532 pp.</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2013) Taxonomical and chorological study on the Central Mediterranean Basin endemic <em>Arenaria bertolonii</em> Fiori & Paol. (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Plant Biostystems</em> 147 (4): 923−930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.753956</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2014) <em>Arenaria tenuifolia</em> versus <em>Arenaria hybrida</em> (Caryophyllaceae): nomenclatural study and taxonomic implications. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 173 (3): 235–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.3.6</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2016) Nomenclatural notes on four Linnaean names in <em>Arenaria</em> (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 65 (3): 610–616. https://doi.org/10.12705/653.13</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2019) Taxonomical, chorological and ecological notes on the Eastern Alps endemic <em>Arenaria huteri</em> (Caryophyllaceae-Alsinoideae). <em>Phyton</em> (Horn, Austria) 59 (1): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton59(1)-2019-0011</p>
<p>IUCN (2022) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15</em>. IUCN, Gland.</p>
<p>Jackson, M.B.W. & Parnell, J.A.N. (1987) A biometric study of <em>Arenaria ciliata</em> L. complex (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Watsonia</em> 16: 373−382.</p>
<p>Koç, M., Hamzaoğlu, E. & Özhatay, F.N. (2014) <em>Arenaria microcalyx</em> (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 38: 653−657. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1311-27</p>
<p>Li-Hua, L. (1996) On the geographical distribution of <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 34 (3): 229−241.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1755) <em>Centuria I. Plantarum, </em>vol. 1 Upsaliae, exc. L.M. Höjer, 34 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1759) <em>Systema naturae 10th ed.</em>, Vol. 2. Salvius, Holmiae, pp. 1307</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (1961) New species of <em>Arenaria</em> and <em>Minuartia</em>. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh</em> 23: 507−513.</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (1962) Taxonomic studies in Alsinoideae: 1. Generic and infra-generic groups. <em>Notes Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh</em> 24: 79–155</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (1967) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and east Aegean Islands</em>, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 17–38.</p>
<p>Pusalkar, P.K. & Singh, D.K. (2015) Taxonomic rearrangement of <em>Arenaria</em> (Caryophyllaceae) in Indian Western Himalaya. <em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 90 (2): 77–97.</p>
<p>Sprengel, C. (1825) <em>Systema Vegetabilium Editio decima sexta</em>, Vol. 2. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 939 pp.</p>
<p>Tan, K. & Vural, M. (2000) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Başer, K.H.C. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em> (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 44–45.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022 [contonuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 1 March 2022)</p>
<p>Valcárcel, V., Vargas, P. & Feliner, G.N. (2006) Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the western Mediterranean <em>Arenaria</em> section <em>Plinthine</em> (Caryophyllaceae) based on nuclear, plastid, and morphological markers. <em>Taxon</em> 55: 297−312. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065579</p>
<p>Williams, F.N. (1985) On the genus <em>Arenaria</em> Linn.<em> Bulletin de L’Herbier Boissier</em> 3: 563–603.</p>
<p>Wofford, B.E. (1981) External seed morphology of <em>Arenaria</em> (Caryophyllaceae) of the southeastern United States. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 6: 126–135. https://doi.org/10.2307/2418543</p>
<p>Yıldırım, H. (2013) <em>Campanula mugeana</em> sp. nov. (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 31: 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01566.x</p>
<p>Zhou, L.H. (1996) On the geographical distribution of <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 34: 229–241.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1843) <em>Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium Novarum Series</em>, vol. 1 (1). Bey Johann Jakob Palm, Lipsiae, 130 pp.</p>
<p>Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (eds.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em> (Suppl. 1), vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 65–67.</p>
<p>Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim., T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (Eds.) (2012) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araþtırmaları Derneği Yayını, İstanbul, 1290 pp.</p>
<p>Harbaugh, D.T., Nepokroeff, M., Rabeler, R.K., McNeill, J., Zimmer, E.A. & Wagner, W.L. (2010) A new lineage-based tribal classification of the family Caryophyllaceae. <em>International Journal of Plant Science </em>171: 185–198. https://doi.org/10.1086/648993</p>
<p>Hartman, R., Rabeler, R.I. & Utech, F. (2005) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) <em>Flora of North America north of Mexico</em>, vol. 4. Oxford University Press, New York & Oxford, pp. 51–56.</p>
<p>Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., Mering, S.von, Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G., Ochoterena, H., Oxelman, B., Rabeler, R.K., Sanchez, A., Schlumpberger, B.O. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. <em>Willdenowia</em> 45: 281−383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301</p>
<p>Hoffmann, G.F. (1795) <em>Deutschlands Flora, oder, Botanisches Taschenbuch</em>, vol. 2. Johann. Jacob Palm., Erlangen, 200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.126793</p>
<p>Hubbard, C.E. (1953) <em>Flora of Bedfordshire</em>. Corporation of Luton, Luton, 532 pp.</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2013) Taxonomical and chorological study on the Central Mediterranean Basin endemic <em>Arenaria bertolonii</em> Fiori & Paol. (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Plant Biostystems</em> 147 (4): 923−930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.753956</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2014) <em>Arenaria tenuifolia</em> versus <em>Arenaria hybrida</em> (Caryophyllaceae): nomenclatural study and taxonomic implications. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 173 (3): 235–240. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.3.6</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2016) Nomenclatural notes on four Linnaean names in <em>Arenaria</em> (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 65 (3): 610–616. https://doi.org/10.12705/653.13</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2019) Taxonomical, chorological and ecological notes on the Eastern Alps endemic <em>Arenaria huteri</em> (Caryophyllaceae-Alsinoideae). <em>Phyton</em> (Horn, Austria) 59 (1): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.12905/0380.phyton59(1)-2019-0011</p>
<p>IUCN (2022) <em>Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15</em>. IUCN, Gland.</p>
<p>Jackson, M.B.W. & Parnell, J.A.N. (1987) A biometric study of <em>Arenaria ciliata</em> L. complex (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Watsonia</em> 16: 373−382.</p>
<p>Koç, M., Hamzaoğlu, E. & Özhatay, F.N. (2014) <em>Arenaria microcalyx</em> (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey. <em>Turkish Journal of Botany</em> 38: 653−657. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1311-27</p>
<p>Li-Hua, L. (1996) On the geographical distribution of <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 34 (3): 229−241.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 560 pp. https://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.669</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1755) <em>Centuria I. Plantarum, </em>vol. 1 Upsaliae, exc. L.M. Höjer, 34 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1759) <em>Systema naturae 10th ed.</em>, Vol. 2. Salvius, Holmiae, pp. 1307</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (1961) New species of <em>Arenaria</em> and <em>Minuartia</em>. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh</em> 23: 507−513.</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (1962) Taxonomic studies in Alsinoideae: 1. Generic and infra-generic groups. <em>Notes Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh</em> 24: 79–155</p>
<p>McNeill, J. (1967) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and east Aegean Islands</em>, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 17–38.</p>
<p>Pusalkar, P.K. & Singh, D.K. (2015) Taxonomic rearrangement of <em>Arenaria</em> (Caryophyllaceae) in Indian Western Himalaya. <em>The Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 90 (2): 77–97.</p>
<p>Sprengel, C. (1825) <em>Systema Vegetabilium Editio decima sexta</em>, Vol. 2. Sumtibus Librariae Dieterichianae, Gottingae, 939 pp.</p>
<p>Tan, K. & Vural, M. (2000) <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>In</em>: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Başer, K.H.C. (Eds.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em> (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 44–45.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022 [contonuously updated]) <em>Index herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden</em>. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 1 March 2022)</p>
<p>Valcárcel, V., Vargas, P. & Feliner, G.N. (2006) Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis of the western Mediterranean <em>Arenaria</em> section <em>Plinthine</em> (Caryophyllaceae) based on nuclear, plastid, and morphological markers. <em>Taxon</em> 55: 297−312. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065579</p>
<p>Williams, F.N. (1985) On the genus <em>Arenaria</em> Linn.<em> Bulletin de L’Herbier Boissier</em> 3: 563–603.</p>
<p>Wofford, B.E. (1981) External seed morphology of <em>Arenaria</em> (Caryophyllaceae) of the southeastern United States. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 6: 126–135. https://doi.org/10.2307/2418543</p>
<p>Yıldırım, H. (2013) <em>Campanula mugeana</em> sp. nov. (Campanulaceae) from western Anatolia, Turkey. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 31: 419–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2012.01566.x</p>
<p>Zhou, L.H. (1996) On the geographical distribution of <em>Arenaria</em> L. <em>Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica</em> 34: 229–241.</p>