Abstract
Two new species of the genus Lactarius from India, Lactarius indoevosmus (L. subg. Lactarius) and L. kanadii (L. subg. Plinthogalus) are presented with detailed descriptions, line drawings, photomicrographs, and comparisons with related species. The novelty and placement of these taxa within the genus Lactarius are confirmed with an ITS-based phylogeny.
References
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Barge, E.G and Cripps, C.L (2016) New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data. MycoKeys 15: 1–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587
Bera, I. Uniyal, P. & Das, K. (2019) A novel species in Lactarius sect. Atroviridi from Indian Himalaya. Phytotaxa 415: 58–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.415.1.4
Buyck, B., Hofstetter, V., Verbeken, A. & Walleyn, R. (2010) Proposal to conserve Lactarius nom. cons. (Basidiomycota) with a conserved type. Taxon 59 (1): 295–296. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.591031
Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E.W. (2016) GenBank. (Database issue): D67–D72. Nucleic acids research 44 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1276
Das, K. & Sharma, J.R. (2004) Lactarius in Kumaon Himlayas 2: New and interesting species of Plinthogali. Mycotaxon 89: 289–296.
Das, K. & Sharma, J.R. (2005) Russulaceae of Kumaon Himalaya. Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, Kolkata.
Das, K., Bera, I. & Ghosh, A. (2020) Lactarius brunneoaurantiacus sp. nov. and L. indoscrobiculatus sp. nov. from India. Nordic Journal of Botany 38 (11): e02940. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02940
Das, K., Verbeken, A., Chakraborty, D., Avchar, R. & Baghela, A. (2017) Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for two new Lactarius (Russulales, Basidiomycota) species from India. Cryptogamie Mycologie 38: 453–467. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss4.2017.453
De Crop, E., Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E., Moreau, P.A., Eberhardt, U. & Verbeken, A. (2016) A multi-gene phylogeny of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. Persoonia 38: 58–80. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255
De Crop, E, Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E. & Moreau, P.A. (2017) A multi-gene phylogeny of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 38: 58. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255
Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2019) raxmlG UI 2.0 beta: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. bioRxiv. https://doi. org/10.1101/800912
Fries, E.M. (1838) Epicrisis systematis mycologici. Upsaliae.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi. org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-14998u1.29
Hall, B.G. (2004) Phylogenetic trees made easy: a how-to manual, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Ramírez, S.S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B.d., Crop, E.D., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Nejhad, M.G., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, Y.W., Menolli, N., Meši?, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkal?ec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Zheng, W.T., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A. & Vesterholt, J. (1998) The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe 2: 287.
Hesler, L.R & Smith, A.H (1979) North American species of Lactarius. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. USA.
Katoh K & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software ver. 7: improvement in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kuntze. (1891) Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 857.
Kühner, R. & Romagnesi, H. (1953) Complements a la “flore analytique”. II. Especes nouvelles ou critiques de Lactarius. Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France 69: 361–388.
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd edn. Eyre Methuen Ltd., London, U.K. pp. 252.
Larget, B. & Simon, D.L. (1999) Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160
Largent, D., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) How to identify mushrooms to genus III: microscopic features. Mad River Press Inc., Eureka,California. pp. 122.
Le, H.T., Stubbe, D., Verbeken, A., Nuytinck, J., Lumyong, S. & Desjardin, D.E. (2007) Lactarius in Northern Thailand: 2. Lactarius subgenus Plinthogali. Fungal Diversity 27: 61–94.
Lee, H., Park, M.S., Jung, P.E., Jonathan, J.F., Oh, S.-Y., Verbeken, A. & Lim, Y.W. (2015) Lactarius cucurbitoides (Russulales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South Korea supported by molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 205 (3): 168–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.205.3.4
Lee, H., Park, J.Y., Wisitrassameewong, K., Kim, M.J., Park, M.S., Kim, N.K., Lee, J.K. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) First Report of Eight Milkcap Species Belonging to Lactarius and Lactifluus in Korea. Mycobiology 46 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1454012
Paloi, S. & Acharya, K. (2019) A new species of Lactarius (Russulaceae) from dry deciduous forest of West Bengal, India. Nova Hedwigia 108 (1–2): 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2018/0505
Paloi, S., Verbeken, A. & Acharya, K. (2019) Lactarius brunneocinnamomeus, a new species of Lactarius subgenus Russularia from West Bengal, India. Phytotaxa 416 (4): 294–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.4.8
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodica fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias cum suppl. adjecta. Lipsiae. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14 (9): 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
Raina, R.K. & Koul, M.N. (2011) Impact of climatic change on agro-ecological zones of the Suru-Zanskar valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment 3 (13) 424–440.
Romshoo, S.A., Irfan, R., Altaf, S. & Dar, G.H. (2020) Jammu and Kashmir State: An Overview. In: Dar, G. & Khuroo, A. (Eds.) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 18. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org 10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4-6
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mr.Bayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Stubbe, D. & Verbeken, A. (2012) Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus: the European taxa and American varieties of L. lignyotus re-evaluated. Mycologia 104: 1490–1501. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-039
Uniyal, P., Das, K. & Bhatt, R.P. (2019) Lactarius pleuromacrocystidiatus (Russulaceae), a novel species from India. Kew Bulletin 74 (8). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-019-9799-0
Uniyal, P., Das, K. & Bhatt, R.P. (2018) Two novel species of Lactarius subgenus Plinthogalus from Uttarakhand Himalaya. Phytotaxa 338 (3): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.3.3
Uniyal, P., Nuytinck, J. & Das, K. (2018a) Lactarius subg. Lactarius (Russulaceae) in Indian Himalaya: two new species with morphology and phylogenetic inferences. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 39: 467–482. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v39.iss4.2018.467
Van de Putte, K., Nuytinck, J., Das, K. & Verbeken, A. (2012) Exposing hidden diversity by concordant genealogies and morphology—a study of the Lactifluus volemus (Russulales) species complex in Sikkim Himalaya (India). Fungal Diversity 55: 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0162-0
Verbeken, A. & Horak, E. (2000) Lactarius (Basidiomycota) in Papua New Guinea 2. Species in tropical-montane rainforests. Australian Systematic Botany 13: 649–707. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB99023
Verbeken, A. & Nuytinck, J. (2013) Not every milkcap is a Lactarius. Scripta Botanica Belgica 51: 162–168.
Verma, K., Hashmi, S.A.J., Atri, N.S. & Sharma, Y.P. (2019) A checklist of agaricoid russulaceous mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India. Kavaka 53: 42–47. https://doi.org/10.36460/Kavaka/53/2019/42-47
Verma, K., Mehmood, T., Uniyal, P., Kapoor, R. & Sharma, Y.P. (2021) Two new species of genus Lactarius (Russulaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India. Phytotaxa 500 (4): 253–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.4.1
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A, Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Wisitrassameewong, K., Looney, B.P., Le, H.T., De Crop, E., Das, K., Van de Putte, K., Eberhardt, U., Jiayu, G., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Verbeken, A. & Nuytinck, J. (2016) Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Basidiomycota, Russulales): novel Asian species, worldwide phylogeny and evolutionary relationships. Fungal Biology 120 (12): 1554–1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.004
Wisitrassameewong, K., Nuytinck, J., Le, H.T., De Crop, E., Hampe, F., Hyde, K.D. & Verbeken, A. (2015) Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Russulaceae) in South-East Asia: 3. New diversity in Thailand and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 207 (3): 215–241. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.207.3.1
Atri, N.S., Sharma, S., Saini, M.K. & Das, K. (2016) Researches on Russulaceous Mushrooms-an appraisal. Kavaka 47: 63–82.
Barge, E.G and Cripps, C.L (2016) New reports, phylogenetic analysis, and a key to Lactarius Pers. in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem informed by molecular data. MycoKeys 15: 1–58. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.15.9587
Bera, I. Uniyal, P. & Das, K. (2019) A novel species in Lactarius sect. Atroviridi from Indian Himalaya. Phytotaxa 415: 58–64. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.415.1.4
Buyck, B., Hofstetter, V., Verbeken, A. & Walleyn, R. (2010) Proposal to conserve Lactarius nom. cons. (Basidiomycota) with a conserved type. Taxon 59 (1): 295–296. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.591031
Clark, K., Karsch-Mizrachi, I., Lipman, D.J., Ostell, J. & Sayers, E.W. (2016) GenBank. (Database issue): D67–D72. Nucleic acids research 44 (1). https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkv1276
Das, K. & Sharma, J.R. (2004) Lactarius in Kumaon Himlayas 2: New and interesting species of Plinthogali. Mycotaxon 89: 289–296.
Das, K. & Sharma, J.R. (2005) Russulaceae of Kumaon Himalaya. Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, Kolkata.
Das, K., Bera, I. & Ghosh, A. (2020) Lactarius brunneoaurantiacus sp. nov. and L. indoscrobiculatus sp. nov. from India. Nordic Journal of Botany 38 (11): e02940. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02940
Das, K., Verbeken, A., Chakraborty, D., Avchar, R. & Baghela, A. (2017) Morphological and phylogenetic evidence for two new Lactarius (Russulales, Basidiomycota) species from India. Cryptogamie Mycologie 38: 453–467. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss4.2017.453
De Crop, E., Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E., Moreau, P.A., Eberhardt, U. & Verbeken, A. (2016) A multi-gene phylogeny of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. Persoonia 38: 58–80. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255
De Crop, E, Nuytinck, J., Van de Putte, K., Wisitrassameewong, K., Hackel, J., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Roy, M., Halling, R.E. & Moreau, P.A. (2017) A multi-gene phylogeny of Lactifluus (Basidiomycota, Russulales) translated into a new infrageneric classification of the genus. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 38: 58. https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X693255
Edler, D., Klein, J., Antonelli, A. & Silvestro, D. (2019) raxmlG UI 2.0 beta: a graphical interface and toolkit for phylogenetic analyses using RAxML. bioRxiv. https://doi. org/10.1101/800912
Fries, E.M. (1838) Epicrisis systematis mycologici. Upsaliae.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acid Symposium Series 41: 95–98. https://doi. org/10.14601/Phytopathol_Mediterr-14998u1.29
Hall, B.G. (2004) Phylogenetic trees made easy: a how-to manual, 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
He, M.Q., Zhao, R.L., Hyde, K.D., Begerow, D., Kemler, M., Yurkov, A., McKenzie, E.H.C., Raspé, O., Kakishima, M., Ramírez, S.S., Vellinga, E.C., Halling, R., Papp, V., Zmitrovich, I.V., Buyck, B., Ertz, D., Wijayawardene, N.N., Cui, B.K., Schoutteten, N., Liu, X.Z., Li, T.H., Yao, Y.J., Zhu, X.Y., Liu, A.Q., Li, G.J., Zhang, M.Z., Ling, Z.L., Cao, B., Antonín, V., Boekhout, T., Silva, B.D.B.d., Crop, E.D., Decock, C., Dima, B., Dutta, A.K., Fell, J.W., Geml, J., Nejhad, M.G., Giachini, A.J., Gibertoni, T.B., Gorjón, S.P., Haelewaters, D., He, S.H., Hodkinson, B.P., Horak, E., Hoshino, T., Justo, A., Lim, Y.W., Menolli, N., Meši?, A., Moncalvo, J.M., Mueller, G.M., Nagy, L.G., Nilsson, R.H., Noordeloos, M., Nuytinck, J., Orihara, T., Ratchadawan, C., Rajchenberg, M., Silva-Filho, A.G.S., Sulzbacher, M.A., Tkal?ec, Z., Valenzuela, R., Verbeken, A., Vizzini, A., Wartchow, F., Zheng, W.T., Weiß, M., Zhao, C.L. & Kirk, P.M. (2019) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 99: 105–367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4
Heilmann-Clausen, J., Verbeken, A. & Vesterholt, J. (1998) The genus Lactarius. Fungi of Northern Europe 2: 287.
Hesler, L.R & Smith, A.H (1979) North American species of Lactarius. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. USA.
Katoh K & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software ver. 7: improvement in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution 30: 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010
Kuntze. (1891) Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 857.
Kühner, R. & Romagnesi, H. (1953) Complements a la “flore analytique”. II. Especes nouvelles ou critiques de Lactarius. Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France 69: 361–388.
Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) Methuen Handbook of Colour, 3rd edn. Eyre Methuen Ltd., London, U.K. pp. 252.
Larget, B. & Simon, D.L. (1999) Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms for the Bayesian analysis of phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 16: 750–759. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026160
Largent, D., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) How to identify mushrooms to genus III: microscopic features. Mad River Press Inc., Eureka,California. pp. 122.
Le, H.T., Stubbe, D., Verbeken, A., Nuytinck, J., Lumyong, S. & Desjardin, D.E. (2007) Lactarius in Northern Thailand: 2. Lactarius subgenus Plinthogali. Fungal Diversity 27: 61–94.
Lee, H., Park, M.S., Jung, P.E., Jonathan, J.F., Oh, S.-Y., Verbeken, A. & Lim, Y.W. (2015) Lactarius cucurbitoides (Russulales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South Korea supported by molecular and morphological data. Phytotaxa 205 (3): 168–176. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.205.3.4
Lee, H., Park, J.Y., Wisitrassameewong, K., Kim, M.J., Park, M.S., Kim, N.K., Lee, J.K. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) First Report of Eight Milkcap Species Belonging to Lactarius and Lactifluus in Korea. Mycobiology 46 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2018.1454012
Paloi, S. & Acharya, K. (2019) A new species of Lactarius (Russulaceae) from dry deciduous forest of West Bengal, India. Nova Hedwigia 108 (1–2): 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2018/0505
Paloi, S., Verbeken, A. & Acharya, K. (2019) Lactarius brunneocinnamomeus, a new species of Lactarius subgenus Russularia from West Bengal, India. Phytotaxa 416 (4): 294–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.416.4.8
Persoon, C.H. (1797) Tentamen dispositionis methodica fungorum in classes, ordines, genera et familias cum suppl. adjecta. Lipsiae. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.42674
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14 (9): 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
Raina, R.K. & Koul, M.N. (2011) Impact of climatic change on agro-ecological zones of the Suru-Zanskar valley, Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India. Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment 3 (13) 424–440.
Romshoo, S.A., Irfan, R., Altaf, S. & Dar, G.H. (2020) Jammu and Kashmir State: An Overview. In: Dar, G. & Khuroo, A. (Eds.) Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State. Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation, vol. 18. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org 10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4-6
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Hohna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mr.Bayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61: 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Stubbe, D. & Verbeken, A. (2012) Lactarius subg. Plinthogalus: the European taxa and American varieties of L. lignyotus re-evaluated. Mycologia 104: 1490–1501. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-039
Uniyal, P., Das, K. & Bhatt, R.P. (2019) Lactarius pleuromacrocystidiatus (Russulaceae), a novel species from India. Kew Bulletin 74 (8). https://doi.org/10.1007/S12225-019-9799-0
Uniyal, P., Das, K. & Bhatt, R.P. (2018) Two novel species of Lactarius subgenus Plinthogalus from Uttarakhand Himalaya. Phytotaxa 338 (3): 255–264. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.3.3
Uniyal, P., Nuytinck, J. & Das, K. (2018a) Lactarius subg. Lactarius (Russulaceae) in Indian Himalaya: two new species with morphology and phylogenetic inferences. Cryptogamie, Mycologie 39: 467–482. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v39.iss4.2018.467
Van de Putte, K., Nuytinck, J., Das, K. & Verbeken, A. (2012) Exposing hidden diversity by concordant genealogies and morphology—a study of the Lactifluus volemus (Russulales) species complex in Sikkim Himalaya (India). Fungal Diversity 55: 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0162-0
Verbeken, A. & Horak, E. (2000) Lactarius (Basidiomycota) in Papua New Guinea 2. Species in tropical-montane rainforests. Australian Systematic Botany 13: 649–707. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB99023
Verbeken, A. & Nuytinck, J. (2013) Not every milkcap is a Lactarius. Scripta Botanica Belgica 51: 162–168.
Verma, K., Hashmi, S.A.J., Atri, N.S. & Sharma, Y.P. (2019) A checklist of agaricoid russulaceous mushrooms from Jammu and Kashmir, India. Kavaka 53: 42–47. https://doi.org/10.36460/Kavaka/53/2019/42-47
Verma, K., Mehmood, T., Uniyal, P., Kapoor, R. & Sharma, Y.P. (2021) Two new species of genus Lactarius (Russulaceae) from North-western Himalaya, India. Phytotaxa 500 (4): 253–265. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.500.4.1
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A, Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR Protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, San Diego, New York. pp. 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1
Wisitrassameewong, K., Looney, B.P., Le, H.T., De Crop, E., Das, K., Van de Putte, K., Eberhardt, U., Jiayu, G., Stubbe, D., Hyde, K.D., Verbeken, A. & Nuytinck, J. (2016) Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Basidiomycota, Russulales): novel Asian species, worldwide phylogeny and evolutionary relationships. Fungal Biology 120 (12): 1554–1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2016.08.004
Wisitrassameewong, K., Nuytinck, J., Le, H.T., De Crop, E., Hampe, F., Hyde, K.D. & Verbeken, A. (2015) Lactarius subgenus Russularia (Russulaceae) in South-East Asia: 3. New diversity in Thailand and Vietnam. Phytotaxa 207 (3): 215–241. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.207.3.1