Abstract
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References
<p>Bruyns, P.V., Mapaya, R.J. & Hedderson, T. (2006) A new subgeneric classification for <em>Euphorbia </em>(Euphorbiaceae) in southern Africa based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequence data. <em>Taxon</em> 55: 397–420. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065587</p>
<p>Carter, S. (2000) Taxonomic changes in <em>Monadenium</em> and <em>Synadenium </em>(Euphorbiaceae) for Flora Zambesiaca. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 55: 435–442. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115657</p>
<p>Dorsey, B.L., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W. & Berry, P.E. (2013) Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of <em>Euphorbia </em>subgenus <em>Euphorbia</em>. <em>Taxon </em>62: 291–315. https://dx.doi.org/10.12705/622.1</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000) <em>World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae.</em> The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1622 pp.</p>
<p>Horn, J.W., Van Ee, B.W., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W., Berry, P.E. & Wurdack, K.J. (2012) Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus <em>Euphorbia</em> L. (Euphorbiaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 63: 305–326. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1953) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Pax, F.A. (1894) Euphorbiaceae africanae. II. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 19: 76–127.</p>
<p>Steinmann, V.W. & Porter, J.M. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 89: 453–490. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3298591</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J. Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China</em>, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Zimmermann, N.F.A., Ritz, C.M. & Hellwig, F.H. (2010) Further support for the phylogenetic relationships within <em>Euphorbia</em> L. (Euphorbiaceae) from nrITS and trnL-trnF IGS sequence data. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 286: 39–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0272-7</p>
<p>Carter, S. (2000) Taxonomic changes in <em>Monadenium</em> and <em>Synadenium </em>(Euphorbiaceae) for Flora Zambesiaca. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 55: 435–442. https://doi.org/10.2307/4115657</p>
<p>Dorsey, B.L., Haevermans, T., Aubriot, X., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W. & Berry, P.E. (2013) Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of <em>Euphorbia </em>subgenus <em>Euphorbia</em>. <em>Taxon </em>62: 291–315. https://dx.doi.org/10.12705/622.1</p>
<p>Govaerts, R., Frodin, D.G. & Radcliffe-Smith, A. (2000) <em>World checklist and bibliography of Euphorbiaceae.</em> The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 1622 pp.</p>
<p>Horn, J.W., Van Ee, B.W., Morawetz, J.J., Riina, R., Steinmann, V.W., Berry, P.E. & Wurdack, K.J. (2012) Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus <em>Euphorbia</em> L. (Euphorbiaceae). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 63: 305–326. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1953) <em>Species Plantarum</em>. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 1200 pp.</p>
<p>Pax, F.A. (1894) Euphorbiaceae africanae. II. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 19: 76–127.</p>
<p>Steinmann, V.W. & Porter, J.M. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) based on ITS and ndhF sequence data. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 89: 453–490. https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3298591</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J. Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China</em>, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten, 254 pp. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>Zimmermann, N.F.A., Ritz, C.M. & Hellwig, F.H. (2010) Further support for the phylogenetic relationships within <em>Euphorbia</em> L. (Euphorbiaceae) from nrITS and trnL-trnF IGS sequence data. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 286: 39–58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00606-010-0272-7</p>