Abstract
Geum elatum forma rubrum (Rosaceae) is elevated here to the rank of species, Geum rubrum comb. nov. from the Himalaya. The species differs from the commonly occurring G. elatum in several distinctive characters which include: smaller flower size (2.2–2.8 cm diameter), elliptic or lanceolate pseudo-sepal, glandular hairs on calyx, red petals, dorsifixed stamens, lesser number of carpels (6–8) and achene size (7.8–8.0 × 1.6–1.8 mm). Based on the morphological study of the fresh plant specimens collected from Kashmir Himalaya, here we provide a detailed description of G. rubrum and photographic illustrations of its diagnostic characters. We also provide comparison of distinguishing features of G. rubrum with its closely related G. elatum to facilitate easier field identification.
References
<p>Bolle, F. (1933) Eine Ubersicht uber die Gattung <em>Geum</em> L. und die ihrnahestehenden Gattungen. <em>Repertorium specierumnovarum regni vegetabilis</em> 72: 11–19.</p>
<p>Bridson, D. & Forman, L. (1998) <em>The Herbarium Handbook</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom<em>.</em>261 pp.</p>
<p>Bunse, M., Lorenz, P., Stintzing, F.C. & Kammerer, D.R. (2021) Insight into the secondary metabolites of <em>Geum urbanum</em> L. and <em>Geum rivale</em> L. Seeds (Rosaceae) <em>Plants</em> 10 (6): 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061219</p>
<p>Dar, G.H. & Khuroo, A.A. (2020) <em>Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State</em> (Vol. 18). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4</p>
<p>Eflora of India (2020) Database of Indian Plants-developed by the members of Eflora of India Google group. Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (Accessed 30 August 2020)</p>
<p>Faghir, M.B., Armudian, M.M. & Shahi, S.R. (2015) Micro-macro morphology of the genus <em>Geum </em>L. (Rosaceae) in Iran and their taxonomic significance<em>. The Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 21: 103–107.</p>
<p>Flora of China (2008) Available from: http://www.efloras.org/ (accessed 30 August 2020)</p>
<p>Gajewski, W. (1959) Evolution in the genus <em>Geum</em>. <em>Evolution</em> 13: 378–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb03024.x</p>
<p>Gajewski, W. (1968) <em>Geum </em>L.<em> In: </em>Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine,D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora Europaea</em>, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 34–36.</p>
<p>Hutchinson, J. (1964) <em>The genera of flowering plants. (Angiospermae) Dicotyledons</em>. Vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford, London. pp. 174–216.</p>
<p>Kalkman, C. (1988) The phylogeny of the Rosaceae. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em>98 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb01693.x</p>
<p>Ludlow, F. (1976) Reliquiae botanicae Himalaicae. <em>Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)</em> <em>Botany</em> 5: 269–290.</p>
<p>Lv, Z.Y., Zhang, D.G., Huang, X.H., Wang, H.C., Yang, J.Y., Tojibaev, K., Deng, T. & Li, Z.M. (2020) <em>Geum sunhangii</em> (Rosaceae), a new species from Hubei Province, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 156: 113. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.37277</p>
<p>Purohit, K.M. & Panigrahi, G. (1991) <em>The Family Rosaceae in India</em>. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun 1991. pp. 146–171.</p>
<p>Rafinesque, C.S. (1833) <em>Herbarium Rafinesquianum: Herbals, Or Botanical Collections of CS Rafinesque</em> 6.</p>
<p>Robertson, K.R. (1974) The genera of Rosaceae in the southeastern United State. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 55: 303–662. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.67288</p>
<p>Smedmark, J.E.E. & Eriksson, T. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Geum </em>(Rosaceae) and relatives inferred from the nrITS and <em>trnL–trnF </em>Regions. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 27 (2): 303–317.</p>
<p>Stewart, R.R. (1972) <em>An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir</em>. Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi.</p>
<p>Bridson, D. & Forman, L. (1998) <em>The Herbarium Handbook</em>. Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom<em>.</em>261 pp.</p>
<p>Bunse, M., Lorenz, P., Stintzing, F.C. & Kammerer, D.R. (2021) Insight into the secondary metabolites of <em>Geum urbanum</em> L. and <em>Geum rivale</em> L. Seeds (Rosaceae) <em>Plants</em> 10 (6): 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061219</p>
<p>Dar, G.H. & Khuroo, A.A. (2020) <em>Biodiversity of the Himalaya: Jammu and Kashmir State</em> (Vol. 18). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9174-4</p>
<p>Eflora of India (2020) Database of Indian Plants-developed by the members of Eflora of India Google group. Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/ (Accessed 30 August 2020)</p>
<p>Faghir, M.B., Armudian, M.M. & Shahi, S.R. (2015) Micro-macro morphology of the genus <em>Geum </em>L. (Rosaceae) in Iran and their taxonomic significance<em>. The Iranian Journal of Botany</em> 21: 103–107.</p>
<p>Flora of China (2008) Available from: http://www.efloras.org/ (accessed 30 August 2020)</p>
<p>Gajewski, W. (1959) Evolution in the genus <em>Geum</em>. <em>Evolution</em> 13: 378–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1959.tb03024.x</p>
<p>Gajewski, W. (1968) <em>Geum </em>L.<em> In: </em>Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine,D.H., Walters, S.M., Webb, D.A. (Eds.) <em>Flora Europaea</em>, Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 34–36.</p>
<p>Hutchinson, J. (1964) <em>The genera of flowering plants. (Angiospermae) Dicotyledons</em>. Vol. 1. Clarendon Press, Oxford, London. pp. 174–216.</p>
<p>Kalkman, C. (1988) The phylogeny of the Rosaceae. <em>Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society </em>98 (1): 37–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb01693.x</p>
<p>Ludlow, F. (1976) Reliquiae botanicae Himalaicae. <em>Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)</em> <em>Botany</em> 5: 269–290.</p>
<p>Lv, Z.Y., Zhang, D.G., Huang, X.H., Wang, H.C., Yang, J.Y., Tojibaev, K., Deng, T. & Li, Z.M. (2020) <em>Geum sunhangii</em> (Rosaceae), a new species from Hubei Province, China. <em>PhytoKeys</em> 156: 113. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.156.37277</p>
<p>Purohit, K.M. & Panigrahi, G. (1991) <em>The Family Rosaceae in India</em>. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun 1991. pp. 146–171.</p>
<p>Rafinesque, C.S. (1833) <em>Herbarium Rafinesquianum: Herbals, Or Botanical Collections of CS Rafinesque</em> 6.</p>
<p>Robertson, K.R. (1974) The genera of Rosaceae in the southeastern United State. <em>Journal of the Arnold Arboretum</em> 55: 303–662. https://doi.org/10.5962/p.67288</p>
<p>Smedmark, J.E.E. & Eriksson, T. (2002) Phylogenetic relationships of <em>Geum </em>(Rosaceae) and relatives inferred from the nrITS and <em>trnL–trnF </em>Regions. <em>Systematic Botany</em> 27 (2): 303–317.</p>
<p>Stewart, R.R. (1972) <em>An Annotated Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of West Pakistan and Kashmir</em>. Fakhri Printing Press, Karachi.</p>