Abstract
Augmented description of Impatiens glauca based on observations of living material is given, as well as description of a new spurless variety. Global distribution, ecology, photographs and conservation status are also provided in detail. Abortive inflorescences are illustrated for first time.
References
<p>Akiyama, S. (2021a) <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (1) An Identification Key and Taxonomy of the Species of Sections Uniflorae, Fasciculatae and Axilliflorae. <em>Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B, Botany</em> 47 (2): 79–101.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S. (2021b) <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (2): Taxonomy of the Species of Sections Racemosae and Sulcatae. <em>Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B, Botany</em> 47 (4): 193–220.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S., Aung, M.M. & Tanaka, N. (2018) A new variety of <em>Impatiens radiata</em> Hook. f. from Myanmar. <em>Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany), Tokyo</em> 44 (4): 159–163.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (1993) Notes of <em>Impatiens</em> from west Nepal. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 68 (3): 156–158.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (2000) Inflorescences of the Himalayan species of <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae). <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 75 (4): 226–240.</p>
<p>Blankinship, J.W. (1905) Supplement to the flora of Montana. <em>Science Studies, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Botany. Bozeman, MT </em>1: 33–109.</p>
<p>Chowdhery, H.J. & Wadhwa, B.M. (1984) <em>Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Vol. 1</em>. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta, India, pp. 134–139.</p>
<p>Das, D.S., Rawat, D.S., Sinha, B.K., Singh, P., Maity, D. & Dash, S.S. (2018) Contribution to the Flora of Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya-II. <em>Nelumbo</em> 60 (1): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v60/2018/130525</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1824) Balsaminae. <em>Prodromus systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 26: t. 9.</p>
<p>Duthie, J.F. (1886) Kumaun. <em>The Gardeners Chronicle</em> 25: 456–458.</p>
<p>Fischer, E., Rahelivololona, M.É. & Abrahamczyk, S. (2017) <em>Impatiens galactica</em> (Balsaminaceae), a new spurless species of section Trimorphopetalum from Madagascar. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 298 (3): 269–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.6</p>
<p>Friis, I.B. (1981) A synopsis of <em>Girardina</em> (Urticaceae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 36 (1): 143–157.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) <em>Impatiens cymbifera</em> and its allies. Studies in Balsaminaceae: 11. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 44 (4): 711–716.</p>
<p>Gross, H. (1913) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Polygonaceen. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 49 (2): 234–339.</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. & Thomson, T. (1859) Praecursores ad Floram Indicam.-Balsamineae. <em>Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 4: 106–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1859.tb01160.x</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1875) <em>Impatiens</em> L.<em> In: </em>Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, vol. 1. L. Reeve & Co., London, UK, 440–464. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54393</p>
<p>Moore, G., Zika, P.F. & Rushworth, C.A. (2012) <em>Impatiens ecornuta</em>, a New Name for <em>Impatiens ecalcarata</em> (Balsaminaceae), a Jewelweed from the United States and Canada. <em>Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature</em> 22 (1): 60–61. https://doi.org/10.3417/2011088</p>
<p>Press, J.R., Shrestha, K.K., Sutton, D.A. (2000) <em>Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</em>. The Natural History Museum, London. Updated version available from: www.eFloras.org</p>
<p>Pusalkar, P.K. & Srivastava, S.K. (2018) <em>Flora of Uttarakhand: Vol. 1: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Ranunculaceae-Moringaceae)</em>, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkotta, pp. 869–870.</p>
<p>Ruchisansakun, S., Suksathan, P., van der Niet, T., Smets, E.F., Saw-Lwin & Janssens, S.B. (2018) Balsaminaceae of Myanmar. <em>Blumea</em> 63: 199–267. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.01</p>
<p>Ruchisansakun, S., Suksathan, P., van der Niet, T., Smets, E.F., Lain, S. & Janssens, S.B. (2018) Three new species of <em>Impatiens </em>(Balsaminaceae) from Myanmar. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 338 (1): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.5</p>
<p>Song, Y.-X., Cong, Y.-Y., Kuang, R.-P., Peng, Y.-C. & Zheng, Y.-M. (2021) <em>Impatiens sterilis</em>, a rare new species of <em>Impatiens</em> with reduced sterile inflorescences from Yunnan, China. <em>Taiwania </em>66 (1): 48‒52. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2021.66.48</p>
<p>Subramani, S.P., Kapoor, K.S. & Goraya, G.S. (2014) Additions to the floral wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary. <em>Journal of Threatened Taxa</em> 6 (11): 6427–6452. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2845.6427-52</p>
<p>Vivekananthan, K., Rathakrishnan, N.C., Swaminathan, M.S. & Ghara, L.K. (1997) Balsaminaceae. <em>In</em>: Hajra, P.K., Nair, V.J. & Daniel, P. <em>Flora of India (Maphighiaceae-Dichapetalaceae)</em>. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 4, pp. 95 – 229.</p>
<p>Weddell, A. (1869) Urticaceae. <em>In</em>: Prodromus systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 16 (1): 32–235.</p>
<p>Weddell, A. (1854) Revue de la famille des Urticacées. <em>Annales des sciences naturelles. Botanique</em> 4 (1): 173–212.</p>
<p>Yang, B., Zhou, S.-S., Maung, K.W. & Tan, Y.-H. (2017) Two new species of <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae) from Putao, Kachin State, northern Myanmar. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 321 (1): 103–113. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.1.4</p>
<p>Flowers of India (2022) Available from: https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Glaucous%20Balsam.html (accessed 16 March 2022)</p>
<p>Efloraofindia (2022) Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/a---l/b/balsaminaceae/impatiens/impatiens-glauca (accessed 16 March 2022)</p>
<p>Akiyama, S. (2021b) <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae) of Nepal (2): Taxonomy of the Species of Sections Racemosae and Sulcatae. <em>Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science. Series B, Botany</em> 47 (4): 193–220.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S., Aung, M.M. & Tanaka, N. (2018) A new variety of <em>Impatiens radiata</em> Hook. f. from Myanmar. <em>Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany), Tokyo</em> 44 (4): 159–163.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (1993) Notes of <em>Impatiens</em> from west Nepal. <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 68 (3): 156–158.</p>
<p>Akiyama, S. & Ohba, H. (2000) Inflorescences of the Himalayan species of <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae). <em>Journal of Japanese Botany</em> 75 (4): 226–240.</p>
<p>Blankinship, J.W. (1905) Supplement to the flora of Montana. <em>Science Studies, Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. Botany. Bozeman, MT </em>1: 33–109.</p>
<p>Chowdhery, H.J. & Wadhwa, B.M. (1984) <em>Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Vol. 1</em>. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta, India, pp. 134–139.</p>
<p>Das, D.S., Rawat, D.S., Sinha, B.K., Singh, P., Maity, D. & Dash, S.S. (2018) Contribution to the Flora of Great Himalayan National Park, Himachal Pradesh, Western Himalaya-II. <em>Nelumbo</em> 60 (1): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.20324/nelumbo/v60/2018/130525</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1824) Balsaminae. <em>Prodromus systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis</em> 26: t. 9.</p>
<p>Duthie, J.F. (1886) Kumaun. <em>The Gardeners Chronicle</em> 25: 456–458.</p>
<p>Fischer, E., Rahelivololona, M.É. & Abrahamczyk, S. (2017) <em>Impatiens galactica</em> (Balsaminaceae), a new spurless species of section Trimorphopetalum from Madagascar. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 298 (3): 269–276. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.298.3.6</p>
<p>Friis, I.B. (1981) A synopsis of <em>Girardina</em> (Urticaceae). <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 36 (1): 143–157.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1989) <em>Impatiens cymbifera</em> and its allies. Studies in Balsaminaceae: 11. <em>Kew Bulletin</em> 44 (4): 711–716.</p>
<p>Gross, H. (1913) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Polygonaceen. <em>Botanische Jahrbücher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie</em> 49 (2): 234–339.</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. & Thomson, T. (1859) Praecursores ad Floram Indicam.-Balsamineae. <em>Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, Botany</em> 4: 106–157. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1859.tb01160.x</p>
<p>Hooker, J.D. (1875) <em>Impatiens</em> L.<em> In: </em>Hooker, J.D. (Ed.) Flora of British India, vol. 1. L. Reeve & Co., London, UK, 440–464. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.54393</p>
<p>Moore, G., Zika, P.F. & Rushworth, C.A. (2012) <em>Impatiens ecornuta</em>, a New Name for <em>Impatiens ecalcarata</em> (Balsaminaceae), a Jewelweed from the United States and Canada. <em>Novon: A Journal for Botanical Nomenclature</em> 22 (1): 60–61. https://doi.org/10.3417/2011088</p>
<p>Press, J.R., Shrestha, K.K., Sutton, D.A. (2000) <em>Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal</em>. The Natural History Museum, London. Updated version available from: www.eFloras.org</p>
<p>Pusalkar, P.K. & Srivastava, S.K. (2018) <em>Flora of Uttarakhand: Vol. 1: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Ranunculaceae-Moringaceae)</em>, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkotta, pp. 869–870.</p>
<p>Ruchisansakun, S., Suksathan, P., van der Niet, T., Smets, E.F., Saw-Lwin & Janssens, S.B. (2018) Balsaminaceae of Myanmar. <em>Blumea</em> 63: 199–267. https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2018.63.03.01</p>
<p>Ruchisansakun, S., Suksathan, P., van der Niet, T., Smets, E.F., Lain, S. & Janssens, S.B. (2018) Three new species of <em>Impatiens </em>(Balsaminaceae) from Myanmar. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 338 (1): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.338.1.5</p>
<p>Song, Y.-X., Cong, Y.-Y., Kuang, R.-P., Peng, Y.-C. & Zheng, Y.-M. (2021) <em>Impatiens sterilis</em>, a rare new species of <em>Impatiens</em> with reduced sterile inflorescences from Yunnan, China. <em>Taiwania </em>66 (1): 48‒52. https://doi.org/10.6165/tai.2021.66.48</p>
<p>Subramani, S.P., Kapoor, K.S. & Goraya, G.S. (2014) Additions to the floral wealth of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh from Churdhar Wildlife Sanctuary. <em>Journal of Threatened Taxa</em> 6 (11): 6427–6452. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o2845.6427-52</p>
<p>Vivekananthan, K., Rathakrishnan, N.C., Swaminathan, M.S. & Ghara, L.K. (1997) Balsaminaceae. <em>In</em>: Hajra, P.K., Nair, V.J. & Daniel, P. <em>Flora of India (Maphighiaceae-Dichapetalaceae)</em>. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, 4, pp. 95 – 229.</p>
<p>Weddell, A. (1869) Urticaceae. <em>In</em>: Prodromus systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 16 (1): 32–235.</p>
<p>Weddell, A. (1854) Revue de la famille des Urticacées. <em>Annales des sciences naturelles. Botanique</em> 4 (1): 173–212.</p>
<p>Yang, B., Zhou, S.-S., Maung, K.W. & Tan, Y.-H. (2017) Two new species of <em>Impatiens</em> (Balsaminaceae) from Putao, Kachin State, northern Myanmar. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 321 (1): 103–113. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.321.1.4</p>
<p>Flowers of India (2022) Available from: https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Glaucous%20Balsam.html (accessed 16 March 2022)</p>
<p>Efloraofindia (2022) Available from: https://sites.google.com/site/efloraofindia/species/a---l/b/balsaminaceae/impatiens/impatiens-glauca (accessed 16 March 2022)</p>