Abstract
Seven species of bioluminescent mushrooms belonging to seven genera have been described in the tropical rainforests of China. This study contributes the eighth species, found growing on decaying bamboo in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG). Morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ribosomal large subunit (LSU) gene regions placed the species within the genus Favolaschia. Comprehensive morphological descriptions, micro and macro photographs, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of the new species are provided. This is the second report of bioluminescent Favolaschia in China.
References
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<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1954) Further descriptions of luminous agarics. <em>Transactions of the British Mycological Society</em> 37 (3): 256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(54)80009-X</p>
<p> Cortés-Pérez, A., Desjardin, D.E., Perry, B.A., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Ramírez-Guillén, F., Villalobos-Arámbula, A.R. & Rockefeller, A. (2019) New species and records of bioluminescent <em>Mycena</em> from Mexico. <em>Mycologia</em> 111 (2): 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1554172</p>
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<p>Dauner, L.A.P., Karunarathna, S.C., Tibpromma, S., Xu, J. & Mortimer, P.E. (2021) Bioluminescent fungus <em>Roridomyces</em> <em>viridiluminus</em> sp. nov. and the first Chinese record of the genus <em>Roridomyces</em>, from Southwestern China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 487 (3): 233–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.4</p>
<p>Gillen, K., Læssøe, T., Kirschner, R. & Piepenbring, M. (2012) <em>Favolaschia</em> species (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Ecuador and Panama. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 96 (1–2): 117–165. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0070</p>
<p>Haddock, S.H., Moline, M.A. & Case, J.F. (2010) Bioluminescence in the sea. <em>Annual review of marine science</em> 2: 443–493. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081028</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17 (8): 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>Johnston, P.R., Whitton, S.R., Buchanan, P.K., Park, D., Pennycook, S.R., Johnson, J.E. & Moncalvo, J.M. (2006) The basidiomycete genus <em>Favolaschia</em> in New Zealand. <em>New Zealand Journal of Botany</em> 44 (1): 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513007</p>
<p>Karunarathna, S.C., Mortimer, P.E., Tibpromma, S., Dutta, A.K., Paloi, S., Hu, Y., Baurah, G., Axford, S., Marciniak, C., Luangharn, T., Madawala, S., Lin, C., Chen, J.Z., Acharya, K., Kobmoo, N., Samarakoon, M.C., Karunarathna, A., Gao, S., Xu, J. & Lumyong, S. (2020) <em>Roridomyces phyllostachydis</em> (Agaricales, Mycenaceae), a new bioluminescent fungus from Northeast India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 459 (2): 155–167. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.459.2.6</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular biology and evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kotlobay, A.A., Sarkisyan, K.S., Mokrushina, Y.A., Marcet-Houben, M., Serebrovskaya, E.O., Markina, N.M., Somermeyer, L.G., Gorokhovatsky, A.Y., Vvedensky, A., Purtov, K.V. & Petushkov, V.N. (2018) Genetically encodable bioluminescent system from fungi. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> 115 (50): 12728–12732. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115</p>
<p>Kreisel, H. & Schauer, F. (1987) <em>Methoden des mykologischen Laboratoriums</em>, pp. 103-104. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany</p>
<p>Krishnendu, A., Prakash, P., Sherpa, N.L. & Dutta, A.K. (2014) <em>Favolaschia</em>-a new fungal genus record for Eastern India. <em>Indian Forester</em> 140 (6): 639–640.</p>
<p>Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) <em>How to identify mushrooms to genus III: microscopic features</em>. Eureka: Mad River Press.</p>
<p>Li, Y.D., Kundrata, R., Tihelka, E., Liu, Z., Huang, D. & Cai, C. (2021) Cretophengodidae, a new Cretaceous beetle family, sheds light on the evolution of bioluminescence. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> 288 (1943): 20202730. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2730</p>
<p>Magnago, A. (2013) Contributions towards the knowledge of <em>Favolaschia</em> (Mycenaceae, Agaricomycetes) from Brazil. <em>Mycosphere</em> 4 (6): 1071–1078. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/6/5</p>
<p>Mensinger, A.F. (2011) <em>THE SKIN | Bioluminescence in Fishes. Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology</em>. Elsevier, USA, pp. 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00160-X</p>
<p>Miettinen, O. & Larsson, K.H. (2006) <em>Trechispora elongata</em> species nova from North Europe. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 96: 193–198.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2011) The CIPRES science gateway: a community resource for phylogenetic analyses. <em>In:Proceedings of the 2011 TeraGrid Conference: extreme digital discovery.</em> pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/2016741.2016785</p>
<p>Mishra, M. & Srivastava, D. (2021) Bioluminescent fungi: reviewing nature’s riddle!. <em>Journal of Mycopathology Research</em> 59 (3): 199–206.</p>
<p>Moline, M.A., Oliver, M.J., Orrico, C., Zaneveld, R. & Shulman, I. (2013) <em>Bioluminescence in the sea. In: Subsea Optics and Imaging.</em> Elsevier, pp. 134–170. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093523.2.134</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University</p>
<p>Oliveira, A.G., Desjardin, D.E., Perry, B.A. & Stevani, C.V. (2012) Evidence that a single bioluminescent system is shared by all known bioluminescent fungal lineages. <em>Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences</em> 11 (5): 848–852. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2pp25032b</p>
<p>Oliveira, A.G., Stevani, C.V., Waldenmaier, H.E., Viviani, V., Emerson, J.M., Loros, J.J. & Dunlap, J.C. (2015) Circadian control sheds light on fungal bioluminescence. <em>Current Biology</em> 25 (7): 964–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.021</p>
<p>Patouillard, N.T & Lagerheim de, N.G. (1892) Champignons de l’eìquateur. Pugillus II. <em>Bulletin de la Société mycologique de France</em> 8: 113–140.</p>
<p>Ridgway, R. (1912) <em>Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. 2nd ed.</em> Washington DC: published by Author. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144788</p>
<p>Shimomura, O. (2006) <em>Bioluminescence: chemical principles and methods. </em>World Scientific Publishing Company, USA, 500 pp. https://doi.org/10.1142/6102</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</em> 12 (4): 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1974) A monograph of <em>Favolaschia</em>. <em>Beihefte Nova Hedwigia</em> 50: 1–108.</p>
<p>Species Fungorum (2022) <em>Favolaschia</em>. Available from: http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 5 January 2022)</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tanet, L., Tamburini, C., Baumas, C., Garel, M., Simon, G. & Casalot, L. (2019) Bacterial bioluminescence: light emission in photobacterium phosphoreum is not under quorum-sensing control. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 10: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00365</p>
<p>Teng, S.C. (1963) <em>Zhong Guo De Zhen Jun [Fungi of China].</em> 808 pp.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (1988) Glossary.<em> In: </em>Bas, C., Kuyper, T.W., Noordeloos, M.E. & Vellinga, E.C. (eds.)<em> Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em> 1. Rotterdam: AA Balkema. pp. 54–64.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em> 18 (1): 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wu, F., Zhou, L.W., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T., Li, T.H. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 98 (1): 1–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7</p>
<p>Zhang, Q.Y. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the <em>Favolaschia calocera</em> complex (Mycenaceae) with descriptions of four new species. <em>Forests</em> 12: 1397. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12101397</p>
<p>Bodensteiner, P., Binder, M., Moncalvo, J.M., Agerer, R. & Hibbett, D.S. (2004) Phylogenetic relationships of cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 33: 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.007</p>
<p>Cook, R., Inman, A. & Billings, C. (1997) Identification and classification of powdery mildew anamorphs using light and scanning electron microscopy and host range data. <em>Mycological Research</em> 101: 975–573. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095375629700364X</p>
<p>Corner, E.J.H. (1954) Further descriptions of luminous agarics. <em>Transactions of the British Mycological Society</em> 37 (3): 256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(54)80009-X</p>
<p> Cortés-Pérez, A., Desjardin, D.E., Perry, B.A., Ramírez-Cruz, V., Ramírez-Guillén, F., Villalobos-Arámbula, A.R. & Rockefeller, A. (2019) New species and records of bioluminescent <em>Mycena</em> from Mexico. <em>Mycologia</em> 111 (2): 319–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1554172</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C., Yang, Z.L., Cui, B.K., Yu, C.J. & Zhou, L.W. (2009) Species diversity and utilization of medicinal mushrooms and fungi in china (Review). <em>International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms </em>11 (3): 287–302. https://doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v11.i3.80</p>
<p>Dauner, L.A.P., Karunarathna, S.C., Tibpromma, S., Xu, J. & Mortimer, P.E. (2021) Bioluminescent fungus <em>Roridomyces</em> <em>viridiluminus</em> sp. nov. and the first Chinese record of the genus <em>Roridomyces</em>, from Southwestern China. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 487 (3): 233–250. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.487.3.4</p>
<p>Gillen, K., Læssøe, T., Kirschner, R. & Piepenbring, M. (2012) <em>Favolaschia</em> species (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Ecuador and Panama. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 96 (1–2): 117–165. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0070</p>
<p>Haddock, S.H., Moline, M.A. & Case, J.F. (2010) Bioluminescence in the sea. <em>Annual review of marine science</em> 2: 443–493. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-120308-081028</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 17 (8): 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754</p>
<p>Johnston, P.R., Whitton, S.R., Buchanan, P.K., Park, D., Pennycook, S.R., Johnson, J.E. & Moncalvo, J.M. (2006) The basidiomycete genus <em>Favolaschia</em> in New Zealand. <em>New Zealand Journal of Botany</em> 44 (1): 65–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2006.9513007</p>
<p>Karunarathna, S.C., Mortimer, P.E., Tibpromma, S., Dutta, A.K., Paloi, S., Hu, Y., Baurah, G., Axford, S., Marciniak, C., Luangharn, T., Madawala, S., Lin, C., Chen, J.Z., Acharya, K., Kobmoo, N., Samarakoon, M.C., Karunarathna, A., Gao, S., Xu, J. & Lumyong, S. (2020) <em>Roridomyces phyllostachydis</em> (Agaricales, Mycenaceae), a new bioluminescent fungus from Northeast India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 459 (2): 155–167. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.459.2.6</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular biology and evolution</em> 30 (4): 772–780. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010</p>
<p>Kotlobay, A.A., Sarkisyan, K.S., Mokrushina, Y.A., Marcet-Houben, M., Serebrovskaya, E.O., Markina, N.M., Somermeyer, L.G., Gorokhovatsky, A.Y., Vvedensky, A., Purtov, K.V. & Petushkov, V.N. (2018) Genetically encodable bioluminescent system from fungi. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> 115 (50): 12728–12732. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803615115</p>
<p>Kreisel, H. & Schauer, F. (1987) <em>Methoden des mykologischen Laboratoriums</em>, pp. 103-104. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, Germany</p>
<p>Krishnendu, A., Prakash, P., Sherpa, N.L. & Dutta, A.K. (2014) <em>Favolaschia</em>-a new fungal genus record for Eastern India. <em>Indian Forester</em> 140 (6): 639–640.</p>
<p>Largent, D.L., Johnson, D. & Watling, R. (1977) <em>How to identify mushrooms to genus III: microscopic features</em>. Eureka: Mad River Press.</p>
<p>Li, Y.D., Kundrata, R., Tihelka, E., Liu, Z., Huang, D. & Cai, C. (2021) Cretophengodidae, a new Cretaceous beetle family, sheds light on the evolution of bioluminescence. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences</em> 288 (1943): 20202730. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2730</p>
<p>Magnago, A. (2013) Contributions towards the knowledge of <em>Favolaschia</em> (Mycenaceae, Agaricomycetes) from Brazil. <em>Mycosphere</em> 4 (6): 1071–1078. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/4/6/5</p>
<p>Mensinger, A.F. (2011) <em>THE SKIN | Bioluminescence in Fishes. Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology</em>. Elsevier, USA, pp. 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374553-8.00160-X</p>
<p>Miettinen, O. & Larsson, K.H. (2006) <em>Trechispora elongata</em> species nova from North Europe. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 96: 193–198.</p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Pfeiffer, W. & Schwartz, T. (2011) The CIPRES science gateway: a community resource for phylogenetic analyses. <em>In:Proceedings of the 2011 TeraGrid Conference: extreme digital discovery.</em> pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/2016741.2016785</p>
<p>Mishra, M. & Srivastava, D. (2021) Bioluminescent fungi: reviewing nature’s riddle!. <em>Journal of Mycopathology Research</em> 59 (3): 199–206.</p>
<p>Moline, M.A., Oliver, M.J., Orrico, C., Zaneveld, R. & Shulman, I. (2013) <em>Bioluminescence in the sea. In: Subsea Optics and Imaging.</em> Elsevier, pp. 134–170. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857093523.2.134</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University</p>
<p>Oliveira, A.G., Desjardin, D.E., Perry, B.A. & Stevani, C.V. (2012) Evidence that a single bioluminescent system is shared by all known bioluminescent fungal lineages. <em>Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences</em> 11 (5): 848–852. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2pp25032b</p>
<p>Oliveira, A.G., Stevani, C.V., Waldenmaier, H.E., Viviani, V., Emerson, J.M., Loros, J.J. & Dunlap, J.C. (2015) Circadian control sheds light on fungal bioluminescence. <em>Current Biology</em> 25 (7): 964–968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.021</p>
<p>Patouillard, N.T & Lagerheim de, N.G. (1892) Champignons de l’eìquateur. Pugillus II. <em>Bulletin de la Société mycologique de France</em> 8: 113–140.</p>
<p>Ridgway, R. (1912) <em>Color Standards and Color Nomenclature. 2nd ed.</em> Washington DC: published by Author. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.144788</p>
<p>Shimomura, O. (2006) <em>Bioluminescence: chemical principles and methods. </em>World Scientific Publishing Company, USA, 500 pp. https://doi.org/10.1142/6102</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity & Evolution</em> 12 (4): 335–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Singer, R. (1974) A monograph of <em>Favolaschia</em>. <em>Beihefte Nova Hedwigia</em> 50: 1–108.</p>
<p>Species Fungorum (2022) <em>Favolaschia</em>. Available from: http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp (accessed 5 January 2022)</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2014) RAxML version 8: a tool for phylogenetic analysis and post-analysis of large phylogenies. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 30 (9): 1312–1313. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu033</p>
<p>Tanet, L., Tamburini, C., Baumas, C., Garel, M., Simon, G. & Casalot, L. (2019) Bacterial bioluminescence: light emission in photobacterium phosphoreum is not under quorum-sensing control. <em>Frontiers in Microbiology</em> 10: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00365</p>
<p>Teng, S.C. (1963) <em>Zhong Guo De Zhen Jun [Fungi of China].</em> 808 pp.</p>
<p>Vellinga, E.C. (1988) Glossary.<em> In: </em>Bas, C., Kuyper, T.W., Noordeloos, M.E. & Vellinga, E.C. (eds.)<em> Flora Agaricina Neerlandica</em> 1. Rotterdam: AA Balkema. pp. 54–64.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of bacteriology</em> 172 (8): 4238–4246. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.172.8.4238-4246.1990</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S.J.W.T. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications</em> 18 (1): 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1</p>
<p>Wu, F., Zhou, L.W., Yang, Z.L., Bau, T., Li, T.H. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Resource diversity of Chinese macrofungi: edible, medicinal and poisonous species. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 98 (1): 1–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00432-7</p>
<p>Zhang, Q.Y. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the <em>Favolaschia calocera</em> complex (Mycenaceae) with descriptions of four new species. <em>Forests</em> 12: 1397. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12101397</p>