Abstract
This paper presents some novelties from the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) in Turkey. The study includes along with the description of a new species P. urnigera together with three new records from Istanbul; P. buxiforme, P. neglectum, and P. rurivagum. The distribution records of all these species have been included along with photographs and illustrations of the new species. The paper presents a new key for Polygonum s.str. (sect. Polygonum) species in Turkey.
References
<p>Akeroyd, J.R. (1986) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Strid, A. (ed.) <em>Mountain flora of Greece</em>, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. 852 pp.</p>
<p>Altay, V., Ozyigit, I.I., Keskin, M., Demir, G. & Yalcin, I.E. (2013) An ecological study of endemic plant <em>Polygonum istanbulicum</em> Keskin and its environs. <em>Pakistan Journal of Botany</em> 45 (S1): 455–459.</p>
<p>Altay, V., Silc, U., Yarcı, C., Kavgacı, A., Carni, A. & Ozturk, M. (2020) Urban vegetation of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. <em>Phytocoenologia</em> –<em> Journal of Vegetation Ecology </em>50 (2): 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2020/0301</p>
<p>Aytuğ, B., Aykut, S., Merev, N. & Edis, G. (1974) Belgrad ormanının ve İstanbul çevresi bitkilerinin polinizasyon olayının tespiti ve değerlendirilmesi. <em>TUBITAK yay. no. TOAG</em> 221 (29): 1–700.</p>
<p>Baytop, A. (2009) Notes on the flora of Istanbul. <em>Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia</em> 51: 5–8.</p>
<p>Baytop, T. (2002) <em>İstanbul florası araþtırmaları</em>. İstanbul, Eren Yayıncılık, 127 pp.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1879) <em>Flora Orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto ad Indiae fines hucusque observatarum, </em>vol. 4. H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae et Basileae, pp. 1025–1043.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J. (1900) Ein maiausflug in den wald won Belgrad bei Constantinopol. <em>Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ver., N.F.</em> 15: 29.</p>
<p>Brandbyge, J. (1993) Polygonaceae Juss. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, V., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) <em>The Families and genera of vascular plants </em>vol. II. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, pp. 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_63</p>
<p>Choudhary, R.K., Park, S.-H. & Lee, J. (2012) Phylogeny and systematics of Indian <em>Polygonum</em> sensu lato in the subfamily Polygonoideae based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. <em>Genetics and Molecular Research </em>11 (4): 4370–4382. https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.October.4.1</p>
<p>Çolak, A.H. (2013) <em>Belgrad ormanı– Bir doğa ve kültür mirası</em>. İstanbul, Orman ve Su İþleri Bakanlığı Yayınları, 854 pp.</p>
<p>Coode, M.J.E. & Cullen, J. (1966) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H., Cullen, J. & Coode, M.J.E. (Eds.) <em>The Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 269–281.</p>
<p>Coquillat, M. (1951) Sur les plantes les plus communes la surface du globe. <em>Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon </em>20: 165–170. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1951.7425</p>
<p>Costea, M. & Tardif, F.J. (2003) Nomenclatural changes in the genus <em>Polygonum</em> section <em>Polygonum</em> (Polygonaceae). <em>SIDA, Contributions to Botany</em> 20 (3): 987–997.</p>
<p>Davis, P.H. (1971) Distribution Patterns in Anatolia with Particular Reference to Endemism.<em> In: </em>Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C. & Hedge, I.C. (Eds.) <em>Plant Life of South-West Asia</em>. The Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp.15–27.</p>
<p>Demiriz, H. (1973) Endemitten der umgebund von İstanbul. <em>Proc. Int. Symp. Abies equi–trojani and Turk. Flora</em>: 147–150.</p>
<p>Galasso, G., Banfi, E., De Mattia, F, Grassi, F, Sgorbati, S. & Labra, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of <em>Polygonum</em> L. s.l. (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae), focusing on European taxa: preliminary results and systematic considerations based on rbcL plastidial sequence data. <em>Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano</em> 150 (1): 113–148.</p>
<p>Halacsy, A.D. (1904) <em>Conspectus florae Graecae</em>, vol. 3. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 520 pp.</p>
<p>Hayek, A. (1927) <em>Prodromus florae Peninsulae Balcaniace</em> Band XXX(1). Dahlem bei Berlin, 1193 pp .</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Red List Guidance Documents – IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 6 February 2021).</p>
<p>Kayacık, H. (1955) Belgrad ormanı florası. <em>Istanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi</em>. Seri A 1–2: 77 –90.</p>
<p>Keskin, M. (2009) <em>Polygonum istanbulicum</em> Keskin sp. nov. (Polygonaceae) from Turkey. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 27: 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00170.x</p>
<p>Keskin, M. (2012) <em>Polygonum</em> L<em>. In: </em>Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Bahçesi ve Flora Araþtırmaları Derneği Yayını: 758–761.</p>
<p>Keskin, M. & Severoğlu, Z. (2020) The genus <em>Persicaria </em>(Polygonaceae) in Turkey with a new taxon record<em>. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences </em>3 (2): 97–105.</p>
<p>Keskin, M. & Severoğlu, Z. (2021) Türkiye Florası için Yeni bir <em>Persicaria</em> L. Taksonu ve İstanbul’un Polygonaceae Taksonlarının Taksonomik Durumu. <em>Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi </em>21 041001: 764–775. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.869563</p>
<p>Keskin, M., Yilmaz, A. & Severoğlu, Z. (2021) Micromorphological description of <em>Polygonum istanbulicum</em> (Polygonaceae). <em>Acta Microscopica</em> 30 (2): 111–118.</p>
<p>Komarov, V.L. (1936) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Komarov, V.L (ed.) and Bobrov, E.G., Fedchenko, B.A., Grigor’ev, Yu.S., Ivanova, N.A., Komarov, V.L., Krishtofovich, A.N., Kuzeneva, O.I., Lozina–Lozinskaya, A.S., Maleev, V.P., Nazarov, M.I., Nekrasova, V.L., Pavlov, N.V., Vul’f, E.V. and Yarmolenko, A.V. <em>Flora of the USSR</em>. Vol. V. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 394–701.</p>
<p>Leblebici, E. (1990) The genus <em>Polygonum </em>L. in Turkey. <em>Doğa Turkish Journal Bot</em>any14: 203–214.</p>
<p>Meikle, R.D. (1985) <em>Polygonum</em> L., <em>In:</em> Meikle, R.D. (Ed.)<em> Flora of Cyprus</em>. vol. 2. Royal Bot. Gard. Kew. pp. 1398–1404.</p>
<p>Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adlandırma Yönergesi. <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi </em>3 (3): 1–3.</p>
<p>Mosaferi, S., Sheidai, M., Keshavarzi, M. & Noormohammadi, Z. (2015) <em>Polygonum aviculare</em> (Polygonaceae) subspecies, new records for the flora of Iran. <em>Modern Phytomorphology</em> 8: 31–36.</p>
<p>POWO (2022) <em>Polygonum</em> L. in Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Garden, KEW. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331872–2 (accessed 8 February 2022).</p>
<p>Rechinger, K.H. & Schiman-Czeika, H. (1968) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica</em>, vol. 43. Akad. Druck–U. Verlagsaantalt., Graz, pp. 46–83.</p>
<p>Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of <em>Oxygonum</em>, <em>Pteroxygonum</em>, and <em>Rumex</em>, and a new circumscription of <em>Koenigia</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5</p>
<p>Sezer, Y., Altay, V., Ozyiğit, I.I. & Yarcı, C. (2015) Woody vegetation of Þile and its environs (Istanbul/Turkey) and destruction of the area. <em>Journal of Enviromental Biology</em> 36: 163–170.</p>
<p>Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (1997) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Strid, V. & Tan, K. (eds.) <em>Flora Hellenica</em>, vol. 1. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, pp. 77–84.</p>
<p>Styles, B.T. (1962) The taxonomy of <em>Polygonum aviculare</em> and its allies in Britain. <em>Watsonia</em> 5 (4): 177–214.</p>
<p>Tarakçı, S., Altay, V., Keskin, M. & Sümer, S. (2012) Beykoz ve çevresi (İstanbul)’nin kent florası. <em>Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</em> 3 (2): 47–66.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 6 February 2021).</p>
<p>Tuncay, H.O. & Akalin Urusak, E. (2018) Endemism in Istanbul Plants. <em>European Journal of Biology </em>77 (1): 38–41. https://doi.org/10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.397348</p>
<p>Webb, D. & Chater, A. (1964) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) <em>Flora Europaea</em>, vol. 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.76–80.</p>
<p>Yaltırık, F. (1966) <em>Belgrad orman vejetasyonunun floristik analizi ve ana meþçere tiplerinin kompozisyonu üzerinde Araþtırmalar</em>. PhD Thesis, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 174 pp.</p>
<p>Yaltırık, F., Akman, Y. & Ketenoğlu, O. (1983) A Phytosociological research in the Belgrad forest. <em>Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara seri C</em> 1 (1): 1–9.</p>
<p>Altay, V., Ozyigit, I.I., Keskin, M., Demir, G. & Yalcin, I.E. (2013) An ecological study of endemic plant <em>Polygonum istanbulicum</em> Keskin and its environs. <em>Pakistan Journal of Botany</em> 45 (S1): 455–459.</p>
<p>Altay, V., Silc, U., Yarcı, C., Kavgacı, A., Carni, A. & Ozturk, M. (2020) Urban vegetation of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. <em>Phytocoenologia</em> –<em> Journal of Vegetation Ecology </em>50 (2): 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2020/0301</p>
<p>Aytuğ, B., Aykut, S., Merev, N. & Edis, G. (1974) Belgrad ormanının ve İstanbul çevresi bitkilerinin polinizasyon olayının tespiti ve değerlendirilmesi. <em>TUBITAK yay. no. TOAG</em> 221 (29): 1–700.</p>
<p>Baytop, A. (2009) Notes on the flora of Istanbul. <em>Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia</em> 51: 5–8.</p>
<p>Baytop, T. (2002) <em>İstanbul florası araþtırmaları</em>. İstanbul, Eren Yayıncılık, 127 pp.</p>
<p>Boissier, E. (1879) <em>Flora Orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto ad Indiae fines hucusque observatarum, </em>vol. 4. H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae et Basileae, pp. 1025–1043.</p>
<p>Bornmüller, J. (1900) Ein maiausflug in den wald won Belgrad bei Constantinopol. <em>Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ver., N.F.</em> 15: 29.</p>
<p>Brandbyge, J. (1993) Polygonaceae Juss. <em>In</em>: Kubitzki, V., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) <em>The Families and genera of vascular plants </em>vol. II. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, pp. 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_63</p>
<p>Choudhary, R.K., Park, S.-H. & Lee, J. (2012) Phylogeny and systematics of Indian <em>Polygonum</em> sensu lato in the subfamily Polygonoideae based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. <em>Genetics and Molecular Research </em>11 (4): 4370–4382. https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.October.4.1</p>
<p>Çolak, A.H. (2013) <em>Belgrad ormanı– Bir doğa ve kültür mirası</em>. İstanbul, Orman ve Su İþleri Bakanlığı Yayınları, 854 pp.</p>
<p>Coode, M.J.E. & Cullen, J. (1966) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Davis, P.H., Cullen, J. & Coode, M.J.E. (Eds.) <em>The Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 269–281.</p>
<p>Coquillat, M. (1951) Sur les plantes les plus communes la surface du globe. <em>Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon </em>20: 165–170. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1951.7425</p>
<p>Costea, M. & Tardif, F.J. (2003) Nomenclatural changes in the genus <em>Polygonum</em> section <em>Polygonum</em> (Polygonaceae). <em>SIDA, Contributions to Botany</em> 20 (3): 987–997.</p>
<p>Davis, P.H. (1971) Distribution Patterns in Anatolia with Particular Reference to Endemism.<em> In: </em>Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C. & Hedge, I.C. (Eds.) <em>Plant Life of South-West Asia</em>. The Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp.15–27.</p>
<p>Demiriz, H. (1973) Endemitten der umgebund von İstanbul. <em>Proc. Int. Symp. Abies equi–trojani and Turk. Flora</em>: 147–150.</p>
<p>Galasso, G., Banfi, E., De Mattia, F, Grassi, F, Sgorbati, S. & Labra, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of <em>Polygonum</em> L. s.l. (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae), focusing on European taxa: preliminary results and systematic considerations based on rbcL plastidial sequence data. <em>Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano</em> 150 (1): 113–148.</p>
<p>Halacsy, A.D. (1904) <em>Conspectus florae Graecae</em>, vol. 3. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 520 pp.</p>
<p>Hayek, A. (1927) <em>Prodromus florae Peninsulae Balcaniace</em> Band XXX(1). Dahlem bei Berlin, 1193 pp .</p>
<p>IUCN (2019) <em>Red List Guidance Documents – IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria</em>. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 6 February 2021).</p>
<p>Kayacık, H. (1955) Belgrad ormanı florası. <em>Istanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi</em>. Seri A 1–2: 77 –90.</p>
<p>Keskin, M. (2009) <em>Polygonum istanbulicum</em> Keskin sp. nov. (Polygonaceae) from Turkey. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 27: 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00170.x</p>
<p>Keskin, M. (2012) <em>Polygonum</em> L<em>. In: </em>Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) <em>Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı Bitkiler)</em>. Nezahat Gökyiğit Bahçesi ve Flora Araþtırmaları Derneği Yayını: 758–761.</p>
<p>Keskin, M. & Severoğlu, Z. (2020) The genus <em>Persicaria </em>(Polygonaceae) in Turkey with a new taxon record<em>. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences </em>3 (2): 97–105.</p>
<p>Keskin, M. & Severoğlu, Z. (2021) Türkiye Florası için Yeni bir <em>Persicaria</em> L. Taksonu ve İstanbul’un Polygonaceae Taksonlarının Taksonomik Durumu. <em>Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi </em>21 041001: 764–775. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.869563</p>
<p>Keskin, M., Yilmaz, A. & Severoğlu, Z. (2021) Micromorphological description of <em>Polygonum istanbulicum</em> (Polygonaceae). <em>Acta Microscopica</em> 30 (2): 111–118.</p>
<p>Komarov, V.L. (1936) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Komarov, V.L (ed.) and Bobrov, E.G., Fedchenko, B.A., Grigor’ev, Yu.S., Ivanova, N.A., Komarov, V.L., Krishtofovich, A.N., Kuzeneva, O.I., Lozina–Lozinskaya, A.S., Maleev, V.P., Nazarov, M.I., Nekrasova, V.L., Pavlov, N.V., Vul’f, E.V. and Yarmolenko, A.V. <em>Flora of the USSR</em>. Vol. V. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 394–701.</p>
<p>Leblebici, E. (1990) The genus <em>Polygonum </em>L. in Turkey. <em>Doğa Turkish Journal Bot</em>any14: 203–214.</p>
<p>Meikle, R.D. (1985) <em>Polygonum</em> L., <em>In:</em> Meikle, R.D. (Ed.)<em> Flora of Cyprus</em>. vol. 2. Royal Bot. Gard. Kew. pp. 1398–1404.</p>
<p>Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adlandırma Yönergesi. <em>Bağbahçe Bilim Dergisi </em>3 (3): 1–3.</p>
<p>Mosaferi, S., Sheidai, M., Keshavarzi, M. & Noormohammadi, Z. (2015) <em>Polygonum aviculare</em> (Polygonaceae) subspecies, new records for the flora of Iran. <em>Modern Phytomorphology</em> 8: 31–36.</p>
<p>POWO (2022) <em>Polygonum</em> L. in Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Garden, KEW. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331872–2 (accessed 8 February 2022).</p>
<p>Rechinger, K.H. & Schiman-Czeika, H. (1968) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) <em>Flora Iranica</em>, vol. 43. Akad. Druck–U. Verlagsaantalt., Graz, pp. 46–83.</p>
<p>Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of <em>Oxygonum</em>, <em>Pteroxygonum</em>, and <em>Rumex</em>, and a new circumscription of <em>Koenigia</em>. <em>Taxon</em> 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5</p>
<p>Sezer, Y., Altay, V., Ozyiğit, I.I. & Yarcı, C. (2015) Woody vegetation of Þile and its environs (Istanbul/Turkey) and destruction of the area. <em>Journal of Enviromental Biology</em> 36: 163–170.</p>
<p>Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (1997) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Strid, V. & Tan, K. (eds.) <em>Flora Hellenica</em>, vol. 1. Koeltz Scientific Books, Königstein, pp. 77–84.</p>
<p>Styles, B.T. (1962) The taxonomy of <em>Polygonum aviculare</em> and its allies in Britain. <em>Watsonia</em> 5 (4): 177–214.</p>
<p>Tarakçı, S., Altay, V., Keskin, M. & Sümer, S. (2012) Beykoz ve çevresi (İstanbul)’nin kent florası. <em>Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi</em> 3 (2): 47–66.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 6 February 2021).</p>
<p>Tuncay, H.O. & Akalin Urusak, E. (2018) Endemism in Istanbul Plants. <em>European Journal of Biology </em>77 (1): 38–41. https://doi.org/10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.397348</p>
<p>Webb, D. & Chater, A. (1964) <em>Polygonum </em>L. <em>In</em>: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) <em>Flora Europaea</em>, vol. 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.76–80.</p>
<p>Yaltırık, F. (1966) <em>Belgrad orman vejetasyonunun floristik analizi ve ana meþçere tiplerinin kompozisyonu üzerinde Araþtırmalar</em>. PhD Thesis, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 174 pp.</p>
<p>Yaltırık, F., Akman, Y. & Ketenoğlu, O. (1983) A Phytosociological research in the Belgrad forest. <em>Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara seri C</em> 1 (1): 1–9.</p>