Abstract
This paper presents some novelties from the genus Polygonum (Polygonaceae) in Turkey. The study includes along with the description of a new species P. urnigera together with three new records from Istanbul; P. buxiforme, P. neglectum, and P. rurivagum. The distribution records of all these species have been included along with photographs and illustrations of the new species. The paper presents a new key for Polygonum s.str. (sect. Polygonum) species in Turkey.
References
Akeroyd, J.R. (1986) Polygonum L. In: Strid, A. (ed.) Mountain ?ora of Greece, vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. 852 pp.
Altay, V., Ozyigit, I.I., Keskin, M., Demir, G. & Yalcin, I.E. (2013) An ecological study of endemic plant Polygonum istanbulicum Keskin and its environs. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45 (S1): 455–459.
Altay, V., Silc, U., Yarc?, C., Kavgac?, A., Carni, A. & Ozturk, M. (2020) Urban vegetation of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Phytocoenologia – Journal of Vegetation Ecology 50 (2): 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2020/0301
Aytu?, B., Aykut, S., Merev, N. & Edis, G. (1974) Belgrad orman?n?n ve ?stanbul çevresi bitkilerinin polinizasyon olay?n?n tespiti ve de?erlendirilmesi. TUBITAK yay. no. TOAG 221 (29): 1–700.
Baytop, A. (2009) Notes on the flora of Istanbul. Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia 51: 5–8.
Baytop, T. (2002) ?stanbul floras? araþt?rmalar?. ?stanbul, Eren Yay?nc?l?k, 127 pp.
Boissier, E. (1879) Flora Orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto ad Indiae fines hucusque observatarum, vol. 4. H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae et Basileae, pp. 1025–1043.
Bornmüller, J. (1900) Ein maiausflug in den wald won Belgrad bei Constantinopol. Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ver., N.F. 15: 29.
Brandbyge, J. (1993) Polygonaceae Juss. In: Kubitzki, V., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) The Families and genera of vascular plants vol. II. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, pp. 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_63
Choudhary, R.K., Park, S.-H. & Lee, J. (2012) Phylogeny and systematics of Indian Polygonum sensu lato in the subfamily Polygonoideae based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (4): 4370–4382. https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.October.4.1
Çolak, A.H. (2013) Belgrad orman?– Bir do?a ve kültür miras?. ?stanbul, Orman ve Su ?þleri Bakanl??? Yay?nlar?, 854 pp.
Coode, M.J.E. & Cullen, J. (1966) Polygonum L. In: Davis, P.H., Cullen, J. & Coode, M.J.E. (Eds.) The Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 269–281.
Coquillat, M. (1951) Sur les plantes les plus communes la surface du globe. Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 20: 165–170. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1951.7425
Costea, M. & Tardif, F.J. (2003) Nomenclatural changes in the genus Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae). SIDA, Contributions to Botany 20 (3): 987–997.
Davis, P.H. (1971) Distribution Patterns in Anatolia with Particular Reference to Endemism. In: Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C. & Hedge, I.C. (Eds.) Plant Life of South-West Asia. The Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp.15–27.
Demiriz, H. (1973) Endemitten der umgebund von ?stanbul. Proc. Int. Symp. Abies equi–trojani and Turk. Flora: 147–150.
Galasso, G., Banfi, E., De Mattia, F, Grassi, F, Sgorbati, S. & Labra, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Polygonum L. s.l. (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae), focusing on European taxa: preliminary results and systematic considerations based on rbcL plastidial sequence data. Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 150 (1): 113–148.
Halacsy, A.D. (1904) Conspectus ?orae Graecae, vol. 3. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 520 pp.
Hayek, A. (1927) Prodromus ?orae Peninsulae Balcaniace Band XXX(1). Dahlem bei Berlin, 1193 pp .
IUCN (2019) Red List Guidance Documents – IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 6 February 2021).
Kayac?k, H. (1955) Belgrad orman? floras?. Istanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. Seri A 1–2: 77 –90.
Keskin, M. (2009) Polygonum istanbulicum Keskin sp. nov. (Polygonaceae) from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00170.x
Keskin, M. (2012) Polygonum L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Bahçesi ve Flora Araþt?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?: 758–761.
Keskin, M. & Severo?lu, Z. (2020) The genus Persicaria (Polygonaceae) in Turkey with a new taxon record. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2): 97–105.
Keskin, M. & Severo?lu, Z. (2021) Türkiye Floras? için Yeni bir Persicaria L. Taksonu ve ?stanbul’un Polygonaceae Taksonlar?n?n Taksonomik Durumu. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21 041001: 764–775. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.869563
Keskin, M., Yilmaz, A. & Severo?lu, Z. (2021) Micromorphological description of Polygonum istanbulicum (Polygonaceae). Acta Microscopica 30 (2): 111–118.
Komarov, V.L. (1936) Polygonum L. In: Komarov, V.L (ed.) and Bobrov, E.G., Fedchenko, B.A., Grigor’ev, Yu.S., Ivanova, N.A., Komarov, V.L., Krishtofovich, A.N., Kuzeneva, O.I., Lozina–Lozinskaya, A.S., Maleev, V.P., Nazarov, M.I., Nekrasova, V.L., Pavlov, N.V., Vul’f, E.V. and Yarmolenko, A.V. Flora of the USSR. Vol. V. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 394–701.
Leblebici, E. (1990) The genus Polygonum L. in Turkey. Do?a Turkish Journal Botany14: 203–214.
Meikle, R.D. (1985) Polygonum L., In: Meikle, R.D. (Ed.) Flora of Cyprus. vol. 2. Royal Bot. Gard. Kew. pp. 1398–1404.
Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adland?rma Yönergesi. Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1–3.
Mosaferi, S., Sheidai, M., Keshavarzi, M. & Noormohammadi, Z. (2015) Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) subspecies, new records for the flora of Iran. Modern Phytomorphology 8: 31–36.
POWO (2022) Polygonum L. in Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Garden, KEW. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331872–2 (accessed 8 February 2022).
Rechinger, K.H. & Schiman-Czeika, H. (1968) Polygonum L. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 43. Akad. Druck–U. Verlagsaantalt., Graz, pp. 46–83.
Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia. Taxon 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5
Sezer, Y., Altay, V., Ozyi?it, I.I. & Yarc?, C. (2015) Woody vegetation of Þile and its environs (Istanbul/Turkey) and destruction of the area. Journal of Enviromental Biology 36: 163–170.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (1997) Polygonum L. In: Strid, V. & Tan, K. (eds.) Flora Hellenica, vol. 1. Koeltz Scienti?c Books, Königstein, pp. 77–84.
Styles, B.T. (1962) The taxonomy of Polygonum aviculare and its allies in Britain. Watsonia 5 (4): 177–214.
Tarakç?, S., Altay, V., Keskin, M. & Sümer, S. (2012) Beykoz ve çevresi (?stanbul)’nin kent floras?. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 3 (2): 47–66.
Thiers, B. (2022) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 6 February 2021).
Tuncay, H.O. & Akalin Urusak, E. (2018) Endemism in Istanbul Plants. European Journal of Biology 77 (1): 38–41. https://doi.org/10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.397348
Webb, D. & Chater, A. (1964) Polygonum L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, vol. 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.76–80.
Yalt?r?k, F. (1966) Belgrad orman vejetasyonunun floristik analizi ve ana meþçere tiplerinin kompozisyonu üzerinde Araþt?rmalar. PhD Thesis, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 174 pp.
Yalt?r?k, F., Akman, Y. & Keteno?lu, O. (1983) A Phytosociological research in the Belgrad forest. Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara seri C 1 (1): 1–9.
Altay, V., Ozyigit, I.I., Keskin, M., Demir, G. & Yalcin, I.E. (2013) An ecological study of endemic plant Polygonum istanbulicum Keskin and its environs. Pakistan Journal of Botany 45 (S1): 455–459.
Altay, V., Silc, U., Yarc?, C., Kavgac?, A., Carni, A. & Ozturk, M. (2020) Urban vegetation of the Anatolian side of Istanbul. Phytocoenologia – Journal of Vegetation Ecology 50 (2): 101–121. https://doi.org/10.1127/phyto/2020/0301
Aytu?, B., Aykut, S., Merev, N. & Edis, G. (1974) Belgrad orman?n?n ve ?stanbul çevresi bitkilerinin polinizasyon olay?n?n tespiti ve de?erlendirilmesi. TUBITAK yay. no. TOAG 221 (29): 1–700.
Baytop, A. (2009) Notes on the flora of Istanbul. Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia 51: 5–8.
Baytop, T. (2002) ?stanbul floras? araþt?rmalar?. ?stanbul, Eren Yay?nc?l?k, 127 pp.
Boissier, E. (1879) Flora Orientalis sive enumeratio plantarum in Oriente a Graecia et Aegypto ad Indiae fines hucusque observatarum, vol. 4. H. Georg Bibliopolam, Genevae et Basileae, pp. 1025–1043.
Bornmüller, J. (1900) Ein maiausflug in den wald won Belgrad bei Constantinopol. Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ver., N.F. 15: 29.
Brandbyge, J. (1993) Polygonaceae Juss. In: Kubitzki, V., Rohwer, J.G. & Bittrich, V. (Eds.) The Families and genera of vascular plants vol. II. Springer–Verlag, Berlin, pp. 531–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02899-5_63
Choudhary, R.K., Park, S.-H. & Lee, J. (2012) Phylogeny and systematics of Indian Polygonum sensu lato in the subfamily Polygonoideae based on ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Genetics and Molecular Research 11 (4): 4370–4382. https://doi.org/10.4238/2012.October.4.1
Çolak, A.H. (2013) Belgrad orman?– Bir do?a ve kültür miras?. ?stanbul, Orman ve Su ?þleri Bakanl??? Yay?nlar?, 854 pp.
Coode, M.J.E. & Cullen, J. (1966) Polygonum L. In: Davis, P.H., Cullen, J. & Coode, M.J.E. (Eds.) The Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 269–281.
Coquillat, M. (1951) Sur les plantes les plus communes la surface du globe. Publications de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 20: 165–170. https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1951.7425
Costea, M. & Tardif, F.J. (2003) Nomenclatural changes in the genus Polygonum section Polygonum (Polygonaceae). SIDA, Contributions to Botany 20 (3): 987–997.
Davis, P.H. (1971) Distribution Patterns in Anatolia with Particular Reference to Endemism. In: Davis, P.H., Harper, P.C. & Hedge, I.C. (Eds.) Plant Life of South-West Asia. The Botanical Society of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, pp.15–27.
Demiriz, H. (1973) Endemitten der umgebund von ?stanbul. Proc. Int. Symp. Abies equi–trojani and Turk. Flora: 147–150.
Galasso, G., Banfi, E., De Mattia, F, Grassi, F, Sgorbati, S. & Labra, M. (2009) Molecular phylogeny of Polygonum L. s.l. (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae), focusing on European taxa: preliminary results and systematic considerations based on rbcL plastidial sequence data. Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del Museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 150 (1): 113–148.
Halacsy, A.D. (1904) Conspectus ?orae Graecae, vol. 3. Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 520 pp.
Hayek, A. (1927) Prodromus ?orae Peninsulae Balcaniace Band XXX(1). Dahlem bei Berlin, 1193 pp .
IUCN (2019) Red List Guidance Documents – IUCN standards and petitions subcommittee. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Available from: http://www.iucnredlist.org/ (accessed 6 February 2021).
Kayac?k, H. (1955) Belgrad orman? floras?. Istanbul Universitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi. Seri A 1–2: 77 –90.
Keskin, M. (2009) Polygonum istanbulicum Keskin sp. nov. (Polygonaceae) from Turkey. Nordic Journal of Botany 27: 11–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.2009.00170.x
Keskin, M. (2012) Polygonum L. In: Güner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M. & Babaç, M.T. (eds.) Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarl? Bitkiler). Nezahat Gökyi?it Bahçesi ve Flora Araþt?rmalar? Derne?i Yay?n?: 758–761.
Keskin, M. & Severo?lu, Z. (2020) The genus Persicaria (Polygonaceae) in Turkey with a new taxon record. EMU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3 (2): 97–105.
Keskin, M. & Severo?lu, Z. (2021) Türkiye Floras? için Yeni bir Persicaria L. Taksonu ve ?stanbul’un Polygonaceae Taksonlar?n?n Taksonomik Durumu. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 21 041001: 764–775. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.869563
Keskin, M., Yilmaz, A. & Severo?lu, Z. (2021) Micromorphological description of Polygonum istanbulicum (Polygonaceae). Acta Microscopica 30 (2): 111–118.
Komarov, V.L. (1936) Polygonum L. In: Komarov, V.L (ed.) and Bobrov, E.G., Fedchenko, B.A., Grigor’ev, Yu.S., Ivanova, N.A., Komarov, V.L., Krishtofovich, A.N., Kuzeneva, O.I., Lozina–Lozinskaya, A.S., Maleev, V.P., Nazarov, M.I., Nekrasova, V.L., Pavlov, N.V., Vul’f, E.V. and Yarmolenko, A.V. Flora of the USSR. Vol. V. Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, pp. 394–701.
Leblebici, E. (1990) The genus Polygonum L. in Turkey. Do?a Turkish Journal Botany14: 203–214.
Meikle, R.D. (1985) Polygonum L., In: Meikle, R.D. (Ed.) Flora of Cyprus. vol. 2. Royal Bot. Gard. Kew. pp. 1398–1404.
Menemen, Y., Aytaç, Z. & Kandemir, A. (2016) Türkçe Bilimsel Bitki Adland?rma Yönergesi. Ba?bahçe Bilim Dergisi 3 (3): 1–3.
Mosaferi, S., Sheidai, M., Keshavarzi, M. & Noormohammadi, Z. (2015) Polygonum aviculare (Polygonaceae) subspecies, new records for the flora of Iran. Modern Phytomorphology 8: 31–36.
POWO (2022) Polygonum L. in Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Garden, KEW. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331872–2 (accessed 8 February 2022).
Rechinger, K.H. & Schiman-Czeika, H. (1968) Polygonum L. In: Rechinger, K.H. (ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 43. Akad. Druck–U. Verlagsaantalt., Graz, pp. 46–83.
Schuster, T.M., Reveal, J.L., Bayly, M.J. & Kron, K.A. (2015) An updated molecular phylogeny of Polygonoideae (Polygonaceae): Relationships of Oxygonum, Pteroxygonum, and Rumex, and a new circumscription of Koenigia. Taxon 64 (6): 1188–1208. https://doi.org/10.12705/646.5
Sezer, Y., Altay, V., Ozyi?it, I.I. & Yarc?, C. (2015) Woody vegetation of Þile and its environs (Istanbul/Turkey) and destruction of the area. Journal of Enviromental Biology 36: 163–170.
Snogerup, S. & Snogerup, B. (1997) Polygonum L. In: Strid, V. & Tan, K. (eds.) Flora Hellenica, vol. 1. Koeltz Scienti?c Books, Königstein, pp. 77–84.
Styles, B.T. (1962) The taxonomy of Polygonum aviculare and its allies in Britain. Watsonia 5 (4): 177–214.
Tarakç?, S., Altay, V., Keskin, M. & Sümer, S. (2012) Beykoz ve çevresi (?stanbul)’nin kent floras?. Karadeniz Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 3 (2): 47–66.
Thiers, B. (2022) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 6 February 2021).
Tuncay, H.O. & Akalin Urusak, E. (2018) Endemism in Istanbul Plants. European Journal of Biology 77 (1): 38–41. https://doi.org/10.26650/EuroJBiol.2018.397348
Webb, D. & Chater, A. (1964) Polygonum L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (eds.) Flora Europaea, vol. 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.76–80.
Yalt?r?k, F. (1966) Belgrad orman vejetasyonunun floristik analizi ve ana meþçere tiplerinin kompozisyonu üzerinde Araþt?rmalar. PhD Thesis, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, 174 pp.
Yalt?r?k, F., Akman, Y. & Keteno?lu, O. (1983) A Phytosociological research in the Belgrad forest. Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara seri C 1 (1): 1–9.