Abstract
Fieldwork focused on the Orchidaceae family from the Diamantina Plateau of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil, resulted in the rediscovery of Bulbophyllum barbatum almost 140 years after its original description, in 1882. The species, known only from the original illustration by Barbosa Rodrigues, was originally described from the region known as Zona da Mata Mineira, and its rediscovery is reported from over 400 km to the northwest of that region. The new record allowed a more detailed study of its morphology, the first photographs of the species, as well as the preliminary assessment of its conservation status as Critically Endangered. Such unexpected rediscovery highlights the importance of conservation actions in the Brazilian campos rupestres given its high diversity and endemism, the deficient knowledge on the taxonomy and distribution of its species, and the increasing pressure of human activities.
References
Barbosa Rodrigues, J. (1877) Genera et Species Orchidearum Novarum I.C. et H. Fleiuss, Rio de Janeiro, 206 pp.
Barbosa Rodrigues, J. (1882) Genera et Species Orchidearum Novarum II. Typographia Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 295 pp.
Biodiversitas (2007) Revisão das listas das espécies da flora e da fauna ameaçadas de extinção do estado de Minas Gerais – Relatório final. v.2. Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, pp. 37–104.
Borba, E.L. & Smidt, E.C. (2004) Bulbophyllum filifolium Borba & Smidt (Orchidaceae), a new species from Southeastern Brazil. Novon 14: 29–32.
Chase, M.W., Cameron, K.M., Freudenstein, J.V, Pridgeon, A.M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C. & Schuiteman, A. (2015) An updated classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 177: 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12234
Cogniaux, A.C. (1902) Orchidaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P. & Eichler, A.G. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis. Typographia Regia, Munich, 3 (5): 1–664.
Flora do Brasil 2020 (2021) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (accessed 20 September 2021)
Flores-Palacios, A. & Garciìa-Franco, J.G. (2001) Sampling methods for vascular epiphytes: their effectiveness in recording species richness and frequency. Selbyana 22: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.2307/41760095
Frodin, D.G. (2004) History and concepts of big plant genera. Taxon 53 (3): 753–776. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135449
Hu, A-Q., Gale, S.W., Liu, Z-J., Suddee, S., Hsu, T-C., Fischer, G.A. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2020) Molecular phylogenetics and floral evolution of the Cirrhopetalum alliance (Bulbophyllum, Orchidaceae): evolutionary transitions and phylogenetic signal variation, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143: 106689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106689
Lomolino, M.V. (2004) Conservation biogeography: introduction. In: Lomolino, M.V. & Heaney, L.R. (Eds.) Frontiers of biogeography: new directions in the geography of nature. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, pp. 293–296.
Menini Neto, L. & Docha Neto, A. (2009) Redescoberta e tipificac?aÞo de Octomeria leptophylla Barb.Rodr. (Orchidaceae), micro-orquiìdea ende?mica de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodrigueìsia 60: 461–465. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960216
Miranda, M.R., Furtado, S.G. & Menini Neto, L. (2021) A long-hidden pigmy shows itself again after almost a century: the rediscovery and lectotypification of Pygmaeorchis brasiliensis (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (3): 297–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.9
Miranda, M.R. & Menini Neto, L. (2010) Redescoberta de Centroglossa macroceras Barb. Rodr. e Thysanoglossa jordanensis Porto & Brade (Orchidaceae), duas micro-orquídeas consi-deradas presumivelmente extintas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Hoehnea 37 (2): 403–405. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062010000200012
Mota, R.C., Barros, F. & Stehmann, J.R. (2009) Two new species of Orchidaceae from Brazil: Bulbophyllum caracensse and Lepanthopsis vellozicola. Novon 19: 380–387. https://doi.org/10.3417/2007057
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2014) Genera orchidacearum, Vol. 6. Epidendroideae (part three). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 544 pp.
Reflora - Virtual Herbarium (2021) Available at: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 1 October 2021).
Reichenbach, H.G. (1852) Xiphizusa. Botanische Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 919.
Ribeiro, P.L., Borba, E.L. & Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. (2005) O gênero Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 28 (3): 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042005000300002
Royer, C.A., Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. & Smidt, E.C. (2017) Centroglossa tripollinica (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae): lectotypification and rediscovery in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Hoehnea 44 (1): 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-100/2016
Scheffers, B.R., Yong, D.L., Harris, J.B.C., Giam, X. & Sodhi, N.S. (2011) The world’s rediscovered species: back from the brink? PLoS ONE 6 (7): e22531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022531
Smidt, E.C. (2007) Filogenia e revisão taxonômica de Bulbophyllum Thouars ocorrentes no Neotrópico. Doctorate thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, 346 pp.
Smidt, E.C. (2020) Bulbophyllum. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB11233 (accessed 2 March 2021).
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2007) A new Bulbophyllum species (Orchidaceae), named in honor of F.C. Hoehne. Orchids 76: 934–936.
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2008) A new species of Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 31 (3): 453–456. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042008000300009
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2009a) Nomenclatural notes on Neotropical Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae). Rodriguésia 60 (3): 633–639. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960309
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2009b) Two new species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from Brazil. Novon 19: 122–126. https://doi.org/10.3417/2007056
Smidt, E.C., Borba, E.L., Gravendeel, B., Fischer, G.A. & Van den Berg, C. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical sections of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) using nuclear and plastid spacers. Taxon 60: 1050–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.604009
Smidt, E.C., Silva-Pereira, V., Borba, E.L. & Van den Berg, C. (2007) Richness, distribution and important areas to preserve Bulbophyllum in the Neotropics. Lankesteriana 7: 107–113. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v7i1-2.18448
SpeciesLink (2021) Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas: a Integração do Species Analyst e do SinBiota (FAPESP). Available from: http://specieslink.net (accessed 1 October 2021).
Sprunger, S., Cribb, P. & Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. (1996) João Barbosa Rodrigues Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil. v. 1: The illustrations. Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag, Basle, 540 pp.
Thiers, B. (2021+[continuously updated]) Index herbariorum, a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 20 September 2021).
Thouars, L.M.A. du P. (1822) Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies dans les trois îles australes de d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar. L’auteur, Arthus Bertrand, Treuttler et Wurtz, Paris, 32 pp.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
WFO (2021) World Flora Online. Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org (accessed 14 December 2021).
Barbosa Rodrigues, J. (1882) Genera et Species Orchidearum Novarum II. Typographia Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 295 pp.
Biodiversitas (2007) Revisão das listas das espécies da flora e da fauna ameaçadas de extinção do estado de Minas Gerais – Relatório final. v.2. Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, pp. 37–104.
Borba, E.L. & Smidt, E.C. (2004) Bulbophyllum filifolium Borba & Smidt (Orchidaceae), a new species from Southeastern Brazil. Novon 14: 29–32.
Chase, M.W., Cameron, K.M., Freudenstein, J.V, Pridgeon, A.M., Salazar, G., Van den Berg, C. & Schuiteman, A. (2015) An updated classification of Orchidaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 177: 151–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12234
Cogniaux, A.C. (1902) Orchidaceae. In: Martius, C.F.P. & Eichler, A.G. (Eds.) Flora Brasiliensis. Typographia Regia, Munich, 3 (5): 1–664.
Flora do Brasil 2020 (2021) Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/ (accessed 20 September 2021)
Flores-Palacios, A. & Garciìa-Franco, J.G. (2001) Sampling methods for vascular epiphytes: their effectiveness in recording species richness and frequency. Selbyana 22: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.2307/41760095
Frodin, D.G. (2004) History and concepts of big plant genera. Taxon 53 (3): 753–776. https://doi.org/10.2307/4135449
Hu, A-Q., Gale, S.W., Liu, Z-J., Suddee, S., Hsu, T-C., Fischer, G.A. & Saunders, R.M.K. (2020) Molecular phylogenetics and floral evolution of the Cirrhopetalum alliance (Bulbophyllum, Orchidaceae): evolutionary transitions and phylogenetic signal variation, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 143: 106689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106689
Lomolino, M.V. (2004) Conservation biogeography: introduction. In: Lomolino, M.V. & Heaney, L.R. (Eds.) Frontiers of biogeography: new directions in the geography of nature. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, pp. 293–296.
Menini Neto, L. & Docha Neto, A. (2009) Redescoberta e tipificac?aÞo de Octomeria leptophylla Barb.Rodr. (Orchidaceae), micro-orquiìdea ende?mica de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Rodrigueìsia 60: 461–465. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960216
Miranda, M.R., Furtado, S.G. & Menini Neto, L. (2021) A long-hidden pigmy shows itself again after almost a century: the rediscovery and lectotypification of Pygmaeorchis brasiliensis (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae). Phytotaxa 496 (3): 297–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.496.3.9
Miranda, M.R. & Menini Neto, L. (2010) Redescoberta de Centroglossa macroceras Barb. Rodr. e Thysanoglossa jordanensis Porto & Brade (Orchidaceae), duas micro-orquídeas consi-deradas presumivelmente extintas no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Hoehnea 37 (2): 403–405. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2236-89062010000200012
Mota, R.C., Barros, F. & Stehmann, J.R. (2009) Two new species of Orchidaceae from Brazil: Bulbophyllum caracensse and Lepanthopsis vellozicola. Novon 19: 380–387. https://doi.org/10.3417/2007057
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (2014) Genera orchidacearum, Vol. 6. Epidendroideae (part three). Oxford University Press, Oxford, 544 pp.
Reflora - Virtual Herbarium (2021) Available at: http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/herbarioVirtual/ (accessed 1 October 2021).
Reichenbach, H.G. (1852) Xiphizusa. Botanische Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 919.
Ribeiro, P.L., Borba, E.L. & Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. (2005) O gênero Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 28 (3): 423–439. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042005000300002
Royer, C.A., Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. & Smidt, E.C. (2017) Centroglossa tripollinica (Barb. Rodr.) Barb. Rodr. (Orchidaceae: Oncidiinae): lectotypification and rediscovery in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Hoehnea 44 (1): 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-100/2016
Scheffers, B.R., Yong, D.L., Harris, J.B.C., Giam, X. & Sodhi, N.S. (2011) The world’s rediscovered species: back from the brink? PLoS ONE 6 (7): e22531. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022531
Smidt, E.C. (2007) Filogenia e revisão taxonômica de Bulbophyllum Thouars ocorrentes no Neotrópico. Doctorate thesis, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, 346 pp.
Smidt, E.C. (2020) Bulbophyllum. In: Flora do Brasil 2020. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Available at: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/floradobrasil/FB11233 (accessed 2 March 2021).
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2007) A new Bulbophyllum species (Orchidaceae), named in honor of F.C. Hoehne. Orchids 76: 934–936.
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2008) A new species of Bulbophyllum Thouars (Orchidaceae) from Minas Gerais, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 31 (3): 453–456. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84042008000300009
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2009a) Nomenclatural notes on Neotropical Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae). Rodriguésia 60 (3): 633–639. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860200960309
Smidt, E.C. & Borba, E.L. (2009b) Two new species of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) from Brazil. Novon 19: 122–126. https://doi.org/10.3417/2007056
Smidt, E.C., Borba, E.L., Gravendeel, B., Fischer, G.A. & Van den Berg, C. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical sections of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) using nuclear and plastid spacers. Taxon 60: 1050–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.604009
Smidt, E.C., Silva-Pereira, V., Borba, E.L. & Van den Berg, C. (2007) Richness, distribution and important areas to preserve Bulbophyllum in the Neotropics. Lankesteriana 7: 107–113. https://doi.org/10.15517/lank.v7i1-2.18448
SpeciesLink (2021) Sistema de Informação Distribuído para Coleções Biológicas: a Integração do Species Analyst e do SinBiota (FAPESP). Available from: http://specieslink.net (accessed 1 October 2021).
Sprunger, S., Cribb, P. & Toscano de Brito, A.L.V. (1996) João Barbosa Rodrigues Iconographie des Orchidées du Brésil. v. 1: The illustrations. Friedrich Reinhardt Verlag, Basle, 540 pp.
Thiers, B. (2021+[continuously updated]) Index herbariorum, a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Available at: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/ (accessed 20 September 2021).
Thouars, L.M.A. du P. (1822) Histoire particulière des plantes orchidées recueillies dans les trois îles australes de d’Afrique, de France, de Bourbon et de Madagascar. L’auteur, Arthus Bertrand, Treuttler et Wurtz, Paris, 32 pp.
Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (eds.) (2018) International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Glashütten, Koeltz Botanical Books. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018
WFO (2021) World Flora Online. Available from: http://www.worldfloraonline.org (accessed 14 December 2021).