Abstract
A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa in the eastern part of Europe and in the Alps is presented. Seventeen species are recognized, nine of them are described as new. Most species occupy relatively restricted geographical ranges, the most characteristic habitats being limestone cliffs and mountain summit areas. The highest species diversity of this section is situated in the mountain ranges of Greece and the adjacent regions of Bulgaria and North Macedonia; only two species are known from the Alps, and a new species is described also from Crimea, Ukraine. Taraxacum pindicola is the only sexual diploid among the taxa studied, the other taxa exhibit agamospermy. The name T. pindicola is newly lectotypified. The northernmost representative of T. sect. Erythrocarpa, T. pieninicum (S. Poland), is conspecific with T. erythrocarpum of the western Slovakia. The names T. albomarginatum A.J. Richards and T. voricola A.J. Richards are later synonyms of T. olympophilum Sonck. Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa is characterized and, for each species, nomenclature, typification, a detailed description or a reference to it, diagnostic notes, distribution and habitat, and a list of herbarium specimens studied are given. Most species are illustrated, and for selected ones, distribution maps are provided.
References
<p>Anonymous [IUCN Species Survival Commission] (2012) <em>IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 3.1</em>, Ed. 2. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, 32 pp. [https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/10315]</p>
<p>Aquaro, G., Caparelli, K.F. & Peruzzi, L. (2009) The genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae) in Italy. II. Five new species of Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa. <em>In:</em> Ivanova, D. (Ed.) <em>Plant, fungal and habitat diversity investigation and conservation.</em> Proceedings of the IV Balkan Botanical Congress, Sofia, 20–26 June 2006. Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, pp. 160–168. [712 pp.]</p>
<p>Baldacci, A. (1899) Rivista della collezione fatta nel 1896 in Albania. <em>Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano</em>, nuova serie, 6 (2): 149–187. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/en/records/item/12788-nuovo-giornale-botanico-italiano-nuova-serie-v-6?offset=6]</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1905) Om skandinaviska Taraxacumformer. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 1905: 145–172. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210848#page/1/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1909) Nya skandinaviska Taraxacum-arter. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 1909: 167–179. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211121#page/507/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1921) De svenska arterna av släktet Taraxacum. I. Erythrosperma, II. Obliqua. <em>Acta Florae Sueciae</em> 1: 1–160.</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1926) Über einige orientalische Taraxacum-Arten. <em>Acta Horti Bergiani</em> 9 (1): 1–36 + 1 plate.</p>
<p>Dalla Torre, C.W. & Sarnthein L. (1912) <em>Flora von Tirol, VI. Band, Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen (Pteridophyta et Siphonogama) von Tirol, Vorarlberg und Liechtensten. Teil 3, Metachlamydeae oder Sympetalae, verwachsenblättrige Blattkeimer</em>, Vol. 3. Wagner Verl., Innsbruck, 956 pp. [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MON-B-PHAN_0100_0001-0956.pdf]</p>
<p>den Nijs, J.C.M., Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & van der Hulst, A. (1990) Distribution of diploid sexual plants of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia in east-central Europe. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 170: 71–84. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23674422]</p>
<p>Doll, R. (1973) Revision der sect. Erythrosperma Dahlst. emend. Lindb. f. der Gattung Taraxacum Zinn. 2. Teil. <em>Feddes Repertorium</em> 84: 1–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19730840102</p>
<p>Dumortier, B.-C. (1827) <em>Florula belgica</em>. J. Casterman, Tornaci Nerviorum, 172 pp. [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3FU-AAAAcAAJ&hl=cs&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA61]</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1814) <em>Novitiae florae suecicae</em>, Vol. 1. Berling, Lundae, 22 pp.</p>
<p>Galán de Mera, A. (2017) Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. <em>In:</em> Castroviejo, S. & al. (Ed.) <em>Flora iberica</em>, Vol. 16 (2). CSIC, Madrid, pp. 270–325. [http://www.rjb.csic.es/floraiberica/]</p>
<p>Ge, X.J., Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2011) Taraxacum F. H. Wiggers. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora of China</em>, Vols. 20–21. St. Louis, Missouri Botanical Garden Press & Beijing, Science Press, pp. 270–325.</p>
<p>Grisebach, A. & Schenk, A. (1852) Iter hungaricum a. 1852 susceptum. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte</em> 18: 291–362. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6638]</p>
<p>Halácsy, E. (1908) <em>Conspectus florae graecae, Supplement 1.</em> Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 132 pp.</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1907) <em>Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum</em>. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig & Wien, xi + 175 pp. + 7 plates. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/10236]</p>
<p>Hayek, A. (1931) <em>Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae</em>, Vol. 2 (6). Fedde, Repert. <em>Sp. nov.</em> Beihefte, Verlag des Repertoriums, Dahlem bei Berlin, pp. 769–960.</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1985) ‚Taraxacum hoppeanum‘ and its allies. (Studies in Taraxacum 4). <em>Preslia</em> 57: 111–134. [http://www.preslia.cz/archive/Preslia_57_1985_111-134.pdf]</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1987) Again on the sections in Taraxacum (Cichoriaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 36: 608–617. https://doi.org/10.2307/1221855</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1992) Notes on the series of Taraxaca exsiccata, Fasc. I–IV. (Studies in Taraxacum 9). <em>Preslia</em> 64: 17–33. [p. 21: <em>T. erythrocarpum</em>, 2n=32, loc.: Malé Karpaty, Ostrý kameň; http://www.preslia.cz/archive/Preslia_64_1992_17-33.pdf]</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1993) The genus Taraxacum in the Caucasus. 1, Introduction. 2, The section Porphyrantha. <em>Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica</em> 28: 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853517</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1997) A nomenclatural checklist of supraspecific names in Taraxacum. <em>Taxon</em> 46: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224294</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Kamińska, M., Trávníček, P., Trejgell, A. & Vončina, G. (2021) The reassessment of Taraxacum pieninicum (Compositae, Crepidinae) reveals polyploidy, agamospermy and a substantial range extension. <em>Preslia</em> 93: 341–361. https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2021.341</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Klimeš, L. (2006) Dandelions in Central Asia: A revision of Taraxacum section Leucantha. <em>Preslia</em> 78: 27–65. [http://www.preslia.cz/P061CKir.pdf]</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Klimeš, L., Dvorský, M., Brůna, J., Macek, M. & Kopecký, M. (2020) The Taraxacum flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 457 (1): 1–409. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.457.1.1</p>
<p>Kliment, J. (1999) Komentovaný prehľad vyšších rastlín flóry Slovenska, uvádzaných v literatúre ako endemické taxóny [Annotated survey of the vascular plants of Slovak flora recorded in literature as endemic taxa]. <em>Bulletin Slovenskej Botanickej Spoločnosti</em> 21, Suppl. 4: 1–434.</p>
<p>Krahulcová, A. (1993) New chromosome numbers in Taraxacum with reference to SAT-chromosomes. <em>Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica</em> 28: 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853516</p>
<p>Lindberg, H. (1908) Taraxacum-former från södra och mellersta Finland. <em>Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica</em> 29 (9): 1–48. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28168#page/5/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Pawłowski, B. (1924) Mniszek pieninsky. Taraxacum pieninicum n. sp. <em>Bulletin international de l‘Acadeìmie polonaise des sciences et des lettres, Classe des sciences matheìmatiques et naturelles, Seìrie B, Sciences naturelles</em>, 1: 109–112 + Plate 3.</p>
<p>Pawłowski, B. (1931) Mniszek pieninsky (Taraxacum hoppenanum Gris. subsp. pieninicum Pawł.). <em>Ochrona Przyrody</em> 11: 211–212, Plate VIII.</p>
<p>Raunkiaer, C.C. (1906) <em>Dansk Exkursions-Flora</em> [...]. Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag, Kjøbenhavn og Kristiania, 286 pp.</p>
<p>Reuter, G.F. (1861) <em>Catalogue des graines recueillies en 1861 et offertes en échange par le Jardin botanique de Genève</em>. Impr. Ramboz & Schuchart, Genève, 4 pp.</p>
<p>Richards, A.J. (1991) 35. Taraxacum Wiggers. <em>In:</em> Strid, A. & Tan, K. (Ed.) <em>Mountain flora of Greece</em>, Vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 541–572.</p>
<p>Sahlin, C.I. (1984) New Pyrenean species of Taraxacum (Compositae). <em>Pirineos</em> 121: 5–27.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1984) New Taraxacum species from Greece. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 21: 157–170.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1985a [10 Jun 1985]) New Taraxacum species from Greece II. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 22: 139–148.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1985b [4 Nov 1985]) New Taraxacum species from Greece III. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 22: 255–262.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1989a) Taraxacum panhellenicum, new species of sect. Erythrocarpa from Greece, and a new name, T. praegracilens. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 26: 51–52.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1989b) Correction [to the article by C. E. Sonck, <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 26: 51–52, 1989]. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 26: an unnumbered page following p. 236.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1993) New Taraxacum species from Greece IV. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 30: 205–210.</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2012) A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Compositae-Lactuceae) in Corsica. <em>Feddes Repertorium</em> 123: 139–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.201200032</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2014) A revision of names in Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa and T. sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) published by C. E. Sonck from Greece, with nomenclatural comments. <em>Willdenowia</em> 44: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44114</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2015) Taraxacum umbrosum (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), a new species intermediate between sect. Erythrosperma and sect. Erythrocarpa, widespread in the Balkans. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 52: 160–164. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0304</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J., Kirschner, J., Jarolímová, V. & Kirschnerová, L. (2011) Taraxacum nigricans, T. alpestre and allies in the Taraxacum sect. Alpestria: taxonomy, geography and conservation status. <em>Preslia</em> 83: 537–564. [http://www.preslia.cz/members/P114Stepanek.pdf]</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J., Kirschner, J. & Meierott, L. (2010) Taraxacum gratum, a new species of the section Erythrocarpa from the Transcaucasus. <em>Phyton, Horn</em>, 50: 59–68.</p>
<p>Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B. [Стоянов, Н., Стефанов, Б. & Китанов, Б.] (1967) <em>Flora of Bulgaria</em>, Vol. 2 [Флора на България, част II.]. Наука и Изкуство, София, 1211pp. [<em>Taraxacum</em>, pp. 1165–1167]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159, Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1966) New species of Taraxacum from Asia I, II. <em>Proceedings, Koniklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</em>, ser. C, 69 (3): 364–377 (I) et 378–388 (II).</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1969) Die Taraxacum-Arten der Schweiz. <em>Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich</em> 42: 5–247.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1971) Quelques nouvelles espéces de Taraxacum, natives d‘Europe II. – <em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 20: 141–156.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1974) Taraxacum. <em>In:</em> Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Materials for the Flora of Turkey XXX. Compositae I. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh</em> 33: 207–264.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1975) Taraxacum Wiggers. <em>In:</em> Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, Vol. 5. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 786–815.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1976) New Taraxacum<em>-</em>species from Europe V. <em>Proceedings, Koniklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</em>, ser. C, 79: 171–190.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1977) Taraxacum. <em>In:</em> Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica</em>, <em>Vol. 122,</em> <em>Compositae II – Lactuceae</em>. Avesa, Salzburg, pp. 223–285.</p>
<p>Wiggers, F.H. (1780) <em>Primitiae florae holsaticae.</em> Litteris Mich. Frider. Bartschii, Kiel, 114 pp. [https://archive.org/details/primitiaeflorae00webegoog/page/n5]</p>
<p>Wróbel, I. (2004) Mniszek pieniński. <em>Taraxacum pieninicum</em> Pawł. – gatunek specjalnej troski w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym. <em>Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą</em> 60 (2): 11–16.</p>
<p>Zarzycki, K., Wróbel, I. & Wróbel, S. (2001) Taraxacum pieninicum Pawł. Mniszek pieniński. <em>In:</em> Kaźmierczakowa, R. & Zarzycki, K. (Eds.) <em>Polska Czerwona Księga Roślin, Paprotniki i Rośliny Kwiatowe</em>. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN & Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków.</p>
<p>Aquaro, G., Caparelli, K.F. & Peruzzi, L. (2009) The genus Taraxacum (Asteraceae) in Italy. II. Five new species of Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa. <em>In:</em> Ivanova, D. (Ed.) <em>Plant, fungal and habitat diversity investigation and conservation.</em> Proceedings of the IV Balkan Botanical Congress, Sofia, 20–26 June 2006. Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, pp. 160–168. [712 pp.]</p>
<p>Baldacci, A. (1899) Rivista della collezione fatta nel 1896 in Albania. <em>Nuovo Giornale Botanico Italiano</em>, nuova serie, 6 (2): 149–187. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/en/records/item/12788-nuovo-giornale-botanico-italiano-nuova-serie-v-6?offset=6]</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1905) Om skandinaviska Taraxacumformer. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 1905: 145–172. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/210848#page/1/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1909) Nya skandinaviska Taraxacum-arter. <em>Botaniska Notiser</em> 1909: 167–179. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/211121#page/507/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1921) De svenska arterna av släktet Taraxacum. I. Erythrosperma, II. Obliqua. <em>Acta Florae Sueciae</em> 1: 1–160.</p>
<p>Dahlstedt, H. (1926) Über einige orientalische Taraxacum-Arten. <em>Acta Horti Bergiani</em> 9 (1): 1–36 + 1 plate.</p>
<p>Dalla Torre, C.W. & Sarnthein L. (1912) <em>Flora von Tirol, VI. Band, Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen (Pteridophyta et Siphonogama) von Tirol, Vorarlberg und Liechtensten. Teil 3, Metachlamydeae oder Sympetalae, verwachsenblättrige Blattkeimer</em>, Vol. 3. Wagner Verl., Innsbruck, 956 pp. [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/MON-B-PHAN_0100_0001-0956.pdf]</p>
<p>den Nijs, J.C.M., Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & van der Hulst, A. (1990) Distribution of diploid sexual plants of Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia in east-central Europe. <em>Plant Systematics and Evolution</em> 170: 71–84. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23674422]</p>
<p>Doll, R. (1973) Revision der sect. Erythrosperma Dahlst. emend. Lindb. f. der Gattung Taraxacum Zinn. 2. Teil. <em>Feddes Repertorium</em> 84: 1–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19730840102</p>
<p>Dumortier, B.-C. (1827) <em>Florula belgica</em>. J. Casterman, Tornaci Nerviorum, 172 pp. [https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=3FU-AAAAcAAJ&hl=cs&printsec=frontcover&pg=GBS.PA61]</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1814) <em>Novitiae florae suecicae</em>, Vol. 1. Berling, Lundae, 22 pp.</p>
<p>Galán de Mera, A. (2017) Taraxacum F. H. Wigg. <em>In:</em> Castroviejo, S. & al. (Ed.) <em>Flora iberica</em>, Vol. 16 (2). CSIC, Madrid, pp. 270–325. [http://www.rjb.csic.es/floraiberica/]</p>
<p>Ge, X.J., Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (2011) Taraxacum F. H. Wiggers. <em>In:</em> Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.Y. (Ed.) <em>Flora of China</em>, Vols. 20–21. St. Louis, Missouri Botanical Garden Press & Beijing, Science Press, pp. 270–325.</p>
<p>Grisebach, A. & Schenk, A. (1852) Iter hungaricum a. 1852 susceptum. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte</em> 18: 291–362. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/6638]</p>
<p>Halácsy, E. (1908) <em>Conspectus florae graecae, Supplement 1.</em> Sumptibus Guilelmi Engelmann, Lipsiae, 132 pp.</p>
<p>Handel-Mazzetti, H. (1907) <em>Monographie der Gattung Taraxacum</em>. Franz Deuticke, Leipzig & Wien, xi + 175 pp. + 7 plates. [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/records/item/10236]</p>
<p>Hayek, A. (1931) <em>Prodromus florae peninsulae Balcanicae</em>, Vol. 2 (6). Fedde, Repert. <em>Sp. nov.</em> Beihefte, Verlag des Repertoriums, Dahlem bei Berlin, pp. 769–960.</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1985) ‚Taraxacum hoppeanum‘ and its allies. (Studies in Taraxacum 4). <em>Preslia</em> 57: 111–134. [http://www.preslia.cz/archive/Preslia_57_1985_111-134.pdf]</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1987) Again on the sections in Taraxacum (Cichoriaceae). <em>Taxon</em> 36: 608–617. https://doi.org/10.2307/1221855</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1992) Notes on the series of Taraxaca exsiccata, Fasc. I–IV. (Studies in Taraxacum 9). <em>Preslia</em> 64: 17–33. [p. 21: <em>T. erythrocarpum</em>, 2n=32, loc.: Malé Karpaty, Ostrý kameň; http://www.preslia.cz/archive/Preslia_64_1992_17-33.pdf]</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1993) The genus Taraxacum in the Caucasus. 1, Introduction. 2, The section Porphyrantha. <em>Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica</em> 28: 295–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853517</p>
<p>Kirschner, J. & Štěpánek, J. (1997) A nomenclatural checklist of supraspecific names in Taraxacum. <em>Taxon</em> 46: 87–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/1224294</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Kamińska, M., Trávníček, P., Trejgell, A. & Vončina, G. (2021) The reassessment of Taraxacum pieninicum (Compositae, Crepidinae) reveals polyploidy, agamospermy and a substantial range extension. <em>Preslia</em> 93: 341–361. https://doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2021.341</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J. & Klimeš, L. (2006) Dandelions in Central Asia: A revision of Taraxacum section Leucantha. <em>Preslia</em> 78: 27–65. [http://www.preslia.cz/P061CKir.pdf]</p>
<p>Kirschner, J., Štěpánek, J., Klimeš, L., Dvorský, M., Brůna, J., Macek, M. & Kopecký, M. (2020) The Taraxacum flora of Ladakh, with notes on the adjacent regions of the West Himalaya. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 457 (1): 1–409. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.457.1.1</p>
<p>Kliment, J. (1999) Komentovaný prehľad vyšších rastlín flóry Slovenska, uvádzaných v literatúre ako endemické taxóny [Annotated survey of the vascular plants of Slovak flora recorded in literature as endemic taxa]. <em>Bulletin Slovenskej Botanickej Spoločnosti</em> 21, Suppl. 4: 1–434.</p>
<p>Krahulcová, A. (1993) New chromosome numbers in Taraxacum with reference to SAT-chromosomes. <em>Folia Geobotanica & Phytotaxonomica</em> 28: 289–294. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02853516</p>
<p>Lindberg, H. (1908) Taraxacum-former från södra och mellersta Finland. <em>Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica</em> 29 (9): 1–48. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28168#page/5/mode/1up]</p>
<p>Pawłowski, B. (1924) Mniszek pieninsky. Taraxacum pieninicum n. sp. <em>Bulletin international de l‘Acadeìmie polonaise des sciences et des lettres, Classe des sciences matheìmatiques et naturelles, Seìrie B, Sciences naturelles</em>, 1: 109–112 + Plate 3.</p>
<p>Pawłowski, B. (1931) Mniszek pieninsky (Taraxacum hoppenanum Gris. subsp. pieninicum Pawł.). <em>Ochrona Przyrody</em> 11: 211–212, Plate VIII.</p>
<p>Raunkiaer, C.C. (1906) <em>Dansk Exkursions-Flora</em> [...]. Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag, Kjøbenhavn og Kristiania, 286 pp.</p>
<p>Reuter, G.F. (1861) <em>Catalogue des graines recueillies en 1861 et offertes en échange par le Jardin botanique de Genève</em>. Impr. Ramboz & Schuchart, Genève, 4 pp.</p>
<p>Richards, A.J. (1991) 35. Taraxacum Wiggers. <em>In:</em> Strid, A. & Tan, K. (Ed.) <em>Mountain flora of Greece</em>, Vol. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 541–572.</p>
<p>Sahlin, C.I. (1984) New Pyrenean species of Taraxacum (Compositae). <em>Pirineos</em> 121: 5–27.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1984) New Taraxacum species from Greece. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 21: 157–170.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1985a [10 Jun 1985]) New Taraxacum species from Greece II. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 22: 139–148.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1985b [4 Nov 1985]) New Taraxacum species from Greece III. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 22: 255–262.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1989a) Taraxacum panhellenicum, new species of sect. Erythrocarpa from Greece, and a new name, T. praegracilens. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 26: 51–52.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1989b) Correction [to the article by C. E. Sonck, <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 26: 51–52, 1989]. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 26: an unnumbered page following p. 236.</p>
<p>Sonck, C.E. (1993) New Taraxacum species from Greece IV. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 30: 205–210.</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2012) A taxonomic revision of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Compositae-Lactuceae) in Corsica. <em>Feddes Repertorium</em> 123: 139–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/fedr.201200032</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2014) A revision of names in Taraxacum sect. Erythrocarpa and T. sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae: Cichorieae) published by C. E. Sonck from Greece, with nomenclatural comments. <em>Willdenowia</em> 44: 137–144. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.44.44114</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J. & Kirschner, J. (2015) Taraxacum umbrosum (Asteraceae, Cichorieae), a new species intermediate between sect. Erythrosperma and sect. Erythrocarpa, widespread in the Balkans. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 52: 160–164. https://doi.org/10.5735/085.052.0304</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J., Kirschner, J., Jarolímová, V. & Kirschnerová, L. (2011) Taraxacum nigricans, T. alpestre and allies in the Taraxacum sect. Alpestria: taxonomy, geography and conservation status. <em>Preslia</em> 83: 537–564. [http://www.preslia.cz/members/P114Stepanek.pdf]</p>
<p>Štěpánek, J., Kirschner, J. & Meierott, L. (2010) Taraxacum gratum, a new species of the section Erythrocarpa from the Transcaucasus. <em>Phyton, Horn</em>, 50: 59–68.</p>
<p>Stojanov, N., Stefanov, B. & Kitanov, B. [Стоянов, Н., Стефанов, Б. & Китанов, Б.] (1967) <em>Flora of Bulgaria</em>, Vol. 2 [Флора на България, част II.]. Наука и Изкуство, София, 1211pp. [<em>Taraxacum</em>, pp. 1165–1167]</p>
<p>Turland, N.J., Wiersema, J.H., Barrie, F.R., Greuter, W., Hawksworth, D.L., Herendeen, P.S., Knapp, S., Kusber, W.-H., Li, D.-Z., Marhold, K., May, T.W., McNeill, J., Monro, A.M., Prado, J., Price, M.J. & Smith, G.F. (Eds.) (2018) <em>International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017</em>. Regnum Vegetabile 159, Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashütten. https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1966) New species of Taraxacum from Asia I, II. <em>Proceedings, Koniklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</em>, ser. C, 69 (3): 364–377 (I) et 378–388 (II).</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1969) Die Taraxacum-Arten der Schweiz. <em>Veröffentlichungen des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel, in Zürich</em> 42: 5–247.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1971) Quelques nouvelles espéces de Taraxacum, natives d‘Europe II. – <em>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</em> 20: 141–156.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1974) Taraxacum. <em>In:</em> Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Materials for the Flora of Turkey XXX. Compositae I. <em>Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh</em> 33: 207–264.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1975) Taraxacum Wiggers. <em>In:</em> Davis, P.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands</em>, Vol. 5. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 786–815.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1976) New Taraxacum<em>-</em>species from Europe V. <em>Proceedings, Koniklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen</em>, ser. C, 79: 171–190.</p>
<p>van Soest, J.L. (1977) Taraxacum. <em>In:</em> Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) <em>Flora Iranica</em>, <em>Vol. 122,</em> <em>Compositae II – Lactuceae</em>. Avesa, Salzburg, pp. 223–285.</p>
<p>Wiggers, F.H. (1780) <em>Primitiae florae holsaticae.</em> Litteris Mich. Frider. Bartschii, Kiel, 114 pp. [https://archive.org/details/primitiaeflorae00webegoog/page/n5]</p>
<p>Wróbel, I. (2004) Mniszek pieniński. <em>Taraxacum pieninicum</em> Pawł. – gatunek specjalnej troski w Pienińskim Parku Narodowym. <em>Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą</em> 60 (2): 11–16.</p>
<p>Zarzycki, K., Wróbel, I. & Wróbel, S. (2001) Taraxacum pieninicum Pawł. Mniszek pieniński. <em>In:</em> Kaźmierczakowa, R. & Zarzycki, K. (Eds.) <em>Polska Czerwona Księga Roślin, Paprotniki i Rośliny Kwiatowe</em>. Instytut Botaniki im. W. Szafera PAN & Instytut Ochrony Przyrody PAN, Kraków.</p>