Abstract
Dryopteris sukungiana, a new tetraploid fern species of Dryopteridaceae in Yunnan, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, D. sukungiana belongs to the D. sparsa complex but is unique in spreading blackish brown scales on the stipe, glandular hairs and small fibrillose scales on the abaxial surface of the lamina. Phylogenetic analyses show that D. sukungiana is of hybrid origin; its paternal parent is the Sino-Himalayan D. sparsa, and its maternal parent might be an undetected diploid species closely related to the Sino-Japanese D. sparsa.
References
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Boissier, H. (1904) Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier Ser. 2. v.4, Genève [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/49730]
Christensen, C. (1905) Index filicum, sive, Enumeratio omnium generum specierumque filicum et Hydropteridum ab anno 1753 ad finem anni 1905 descriptorium: adjectis synonymis principalibus, area geographica, etc. Copenhagen: Hafniae. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.402
Darnaedi, D. & Iwatsuki, K. (1987) On the structure and systematic position of the fern Dryopteris yakusilvicola Kurata. Journal of the faculty of science, University of Tokyo: Section III: botany 14: 121–136.
Darnaedi, D., Kato, M. & Iwatsuki, K. (1989a) Five new or ill-defined species related to Dryopteris sparsa (Dryopteridaceae). The Journal of Japanese Botany 64 (10): 299–310. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_064_299_310.pdf]
Darnaedi, D., Kato, M. & Iwatsuki, K. (1989b) A cytotaxonomic study of Dryopteris sparsa and closely related species (Dryopteridaceae). The Journal of Japanese Botany 64 (11): 330–340. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_064_330_340.pdf]
Don, D. (1825) Prodromus florae Nepalensis. London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.86
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin 19: 11–15.
Flora Fujianica Compilation Group. (1982) Flora Fujianica Vol. 1: Pteridophyta-Spermatophyta. Fujian Science and Technology Press, Fuzhou.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (1986) A classification of the genus Dryopteris (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany 14: 183–218. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2198]
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. (2008) Taxonomic revision of three hundred Indian subcontinental pteridophytes with a revised census-list - a new picture of fern-taxonomy and nomenclature in the Indian subcontinent. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.
Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Gandhi, K.N. & Kholia, B.S. (2018) An annotated checklist of Indian Pteridophytes II. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh.
Gibby, M. (1985) Cytological observations on Indian subcontinental and Chinese Dryopteris and Polystichum (Pteridophyta: Dryopteridaceae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Botany 14: 1–42. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/2198]
Hayata, M. (1914) Icones plantarum formosanarum nec non et contributiones ad floram formosanam, Volume: 4. Taipei. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.1316
Hooker, W.J. & Baker, J.G. (1867) Synopsis filicum. London: R. Hardwicke. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.30057
Hori, K., Ebihara, A. & Murakami, N. (2021) Origin of the apogamous Japanese fern Dryopteris yakusilvicola (Dryopteridaceae). Taxon 70 (1): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12416
Itô, H. (1935) Filices Japonenses II. The Botanical Magazine, Tokyo 49 (583): 432–437. https://doi.org/10.15281/jplantres1887.49.432
Katoh, K., Misawa, K., Kuma, K. & Miyata, T. (2002) MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. Nucleic Acids Research 30 (14): 3059–3066. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkf436
Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S. Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C., Thierer, T., Ashton, B., Meintjes, P & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: An integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics 28 (12): 1647–1649. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199
Kuntze, O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum: vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomeclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum, v.2. Leipzig. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/327]
Kuo, L.Y., Chang, Y.H., Glowienka, J.M., Amoroso, V.B., Dong, S.Y., Kao, T.T., Wang, C.N. & Chiou, W.L. (2016) A revised framework of Dryopteris subg. Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae) inferred from phylogenetic evidence, with descriptions of two new sections. Systematic Botany 41(3): 596–605. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X692334
Liou, W.T. (2010) A taxonomy study of Dryopteris subgenus Nephrocystis (Dryopteridaceae). Taipei: National Taiwan Normal University.
Nguyen, L.T., Schmidt, H.A., Von Haeseler, A. & Minh, B.Q. (2015) IQ-TREE: a fast and effective stochastic algorithm for estimating maximum-likelihood phylogenies. Molecular Biology and Evolution 32 (1): 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu300
Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D.L., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) Mrbayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. Systematic Biology 61 (3): 539–542. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys029
Serizawa, S. (1971) Taxonomical notes on Asian ferns (4). Journal of Japanese Botany 46 (9): 278–282. [http://www.jjbotany.com/pdf/JJB_046_278_282.pdf]
Sessa, E.B., Zhang, L.B., Väre, H. & Juslén, A. (2015) What we do (and don’t) know about ferns: Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae) as a case study. Systematic Biology 40 (2): 387–399. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364415X688844
Tindale, M.D. & Roy, S.K. (2002) A cytotaxonomic survey of the Pteridophyta of Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 15 (6): 839–937. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB00034
Widén, C.J., Fraser-Jenkins, C.R., Reichstein, T. & Sarvela, J. (2001) A survey of phenolic compounds in Dryopteris and related fern genera. Part III. Phloroglucinol derivatives in subgenera Erythrovaria and Nephrocystis and related genera (Pteridophyta, Dryopteridaceae). Annales Botanici Fennici 38 (2): 99–138. [http://www.sekj.org/PDF/anbf38/anbf38-099p.pdf]
Weng, R.F. (1989) Cytological observation on Dryopteris from East China. In: Shing, K.H. & Kramer, K.U. (Eds.) Proceeds of international symposium on systematic Pteridology. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, pp. 141–146.
Wu, S.G. & Lu, S.G. (2000) Dryopteris. In: Wu, C.Y. (Ed.) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Vol. 5 (1) (Dryopteridaceae). Beijing: Science Press, pp. 102–220.
Wu, S.G., Xiang, J.Y., Lu, S.G., Wang, F.G., Xing, F.W., Dong, S.Y., He, H., Zhang, L.B., Barrington, D.S. & Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2013) Dryopteris. In: Wu, Z.Y., Raven, P.H., Hong, D.Y. (Eds.) Flora of China. Vol. 2–3 (Pteridophytes). Beijing: Science Press; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press, pp. 571–628.
Zhang, L.B. (2012) Reducing the fern genus Dryopsis to Dryopteris and the systematics and nomenclature of Dryopteris subgenus Erythrovariae section Dryopsis (Dryopteridaceae). Phytotaxa 71 (1): 17–27. https://doi.org/10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.71.1.4
Zhang, L.B. & Zhang, L. (2012) The inclusion of Acrophorus, Diacalpe, Nothoperanema, and Peranema in Dryopteris: The molecular phylogeny, systematics, and nomenclature of Dryopteris subg. Nothoperanema (Dryopteridaceae). Taxon 61 (6): 1199–1216. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.616003
Zhang, L.B., Zhang, L., Dong, S.Y., Sessa, E.B., Gao, X.F. & Ebihara, A. (2012) Molecular circumscription and major evolutionary lineages of the fern genus Dryopteris (Dryopteridaceae). BMC Evolutionary Biology 12: 180. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-12-180
Zuo, Z.Y., Zhao, T., Du, X.Y., Xiong, Y., Lu, J.M. & Li, D.Z. (2021) A revision of Dryopteris sect. Diclisodon (Dryopteridaceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence with description of a new species. Plant diversity. [in press] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2021.09.005