Abstract
A new species of Allium, A. elaounii sp. nov. seemingly endemic to Kroumirian mountains (Northwestern of Tunisia) is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to A. rouyi group and A. valdecallosum, from which it differs mainly by characters of stem, bulb, leaves, inflorescence, and seeds. Distribution in Tunisia, notes of its preferred habitat, phenology, and the IUCN status of conservation are also provided. A diagnostic key to species of the A. sect. Pseudoscorodon occurring in North Africa is also presented.
References
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APGIII (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and the families of the flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
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Brullo, C., Brullo, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. & Salmeri, C. (2010) Allium makrianum (Alliaceae), a new autumnal species from Greece. Phyton 49: 267–278.
Brullo, C., Brullo, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. & Salmeri, C. (2017) Allium nazarenum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species of the section Codonoprasum from Israel. Phytotaxa 327: 237–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.3
Brullo, S., Brullo, C., Cambria, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. & Salmeri, C. (2019) Allium albanicum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Balkans and its relationships with A. meteoricum Heldr. & Hausskn. ex Halácsy. PhytoKeys 119: 117–136. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.119.30790
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Brullo, S., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. & Terrasi, M.C. (2009) Allium garganicum (Alliaceae), a new species from Apulia (SE Italy). Plant Biosystems 143 (suppl.1): 78–84.
Choi, H.J., Giussani, L.M., Jang, C.G., Oh, B.U. & Cota-Sánchez, J.H. (2012) Systematics of disjunct northeastern Asian and northern North American Allium (Amaryllidaceae). Botany 90: 491–508. https://doi.org/10.1139/b2012-031
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Duman, H., Ek?i, G. & Özbek, F. (2017) Two new species of Allium L. sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1271–1291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1437-4
Ekþi, G. & Yýldýrým, H. (2019) Allium yamadagensis (Amaryllidaceae) a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 400: 31–36. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.400.1.4
Ek?i, G., Koyuncu, M. & Bona, M. (2015) Allium phanerantherum subsp. involucratum (Amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 22: 143–146. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v22i2.26076
Ek?i, G., Koyuncu, M. & Gençler Özkan, A.M. (2016) Allium ekimianum: A new species (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. PhytoKeys 62: 83–93. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7796
El Mokni, R. & Tison, J.-M. (2018) Allium litardierei J.-M. Tison – Pp. 196–197. In: Raab-Straube, E. von & Raus, Th. (Ed.) Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 9 [Notulae ad floram euromediterraneam pertinentes No. 38]. Willdenowia 48: 195–220. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48203
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Fýrat, M., Koyuncu, M. & Ekþi, G. (2018) Allium pervariensis, sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Siirt Turkey. Plant Biosystems 152: 305–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2016.1271051
Friesen, N. & Blattner, F.R. (2000) RAPD analysis reveals geographic differentiations within Allium schoenoprasum L. (Alliaceae). Plant Biology 2: 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-3698
Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2006) Phylogeny and new intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso 22: 372–395.
Gay, J.E. (1847) Allii species octo, pleraeque Algeriense. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Bot. sér. 3 (8): 195–223.
Govaerts, R., Kington, S., Friesen, N., Fritsch, R., Snijman, D.A., Marcucci, R., Silverstone-Sopkin, P.A. & Brullo, S. (2005–2021) World checklist of Amaryllidaceae. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 4 May 2021)
Gurushidze, M., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2008) Phylogenetic analysis of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum infers cryptic species and demands a new sectional classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 997–1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.003
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Kollmann, F. (1984) Allium L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 98–211.
Li, Q.-Q., Zhou, S.-D., He, X.-J., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y.-C. & Wei, X.-Q. (2010) Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China. Annals of Botany 106: 709–733.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Maire, R. (1958) Flore de l’Afrique du Nord 5. Édition Paul Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 244–303.
Maire, R. (1940) Contributions à l’étude de la flore de l’Afrique du Nord. Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du nord 31: 7–49.
Nguyen, N.H., Driscoll, H.E. & Specht, C.D. (2008) A molecular phylogeny of the wild onions (Allium; Alliaceae) with a focus on the western North American center of diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1157–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.006
Özhatay, O., Koçyi?it, M., Brullo, S. & Salmeri, S. (2018) Allium istanbulense (Amaryllidaceae), a new autumnal species of Sect. Codonoprasum from Turkey and its taxonomic position among allied species. Phytotaxa 334: 152–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.2.5
Pastor, J.E. & Diosdado, J.C. (1995) A karyological study of Allium rouyi Gautier (Liliaceae), a recently rediscovered endemic species from the south of Spain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 117: 255–258.
Peruzzi, L. (2007) Allium garbarii (Alliaceae), a new species endemic to Calabria (S Italy). Candollea 62: 17–25.
Quézel, P. & Santa, S. (1962) Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. CNRS, Paris, vol.1, 1170 pp.
Radi?, J. (1990) Contribution to the knowledge of reproductive peculiarity of genus Allium L. in the area Podbiokovlje. Razprave Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti. Razred za Naravoslovne Vede 31: 247–269.
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Rebbas, K., Guechi, N.O., Beghami, Y., Moulay-Meliani, K. Tison, J.-M. & Véla, E. (2019) Redécouverte d’Allium scaberrimum J.Serres (syn. A. pardoi Loscos) en Afrique du Nord (Algérie). Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 88: 178–187.
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APGIII (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and the families of the flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. & Scott, B. (2011) Supporting Red List threat assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: Smith, V. & Penev, L. (Ed.) e-Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. ZooKeys 150: 117–126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.150.2109
Berg, G.L. von Samoylov, A., Klaas, M. & Hanelt, P. (1996) Chloroplast DNA restriction analysis and the infrageneric grouping of Allium (Alliaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 200: 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00984939
Brullo, C., Brullo, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. & Salmeri, C. (2010) Allium makrianum (Alliaceae), a new autumnal species from Greece. Phyton 49: 267–278.
Brullo, C., Brullo, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. & Salmeri, C. (2017) Allium nazarenum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species of the section Codonoprasum from Israel. Phytotaxa 327: 237–251. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.3
Brullo, S., Brullo, C., Cambria, S., Giusso del Galdo, G. & Salmeri, C. (2019) Allium albanicum (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Balkans and its relationships with A. meteoricum Heldr. & Hausskn. ex Halácsy. PhytoKeys 119: 117–136. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.119.30790
Brullo, S., Brullo, C., Cambria, S. & Salmeri, C. (2018) Cytotaxonomic investigations on Allium valdecallosum Maire & Weiller (Amaryllidaceae), a critical species endemic to Morocco. Nordic Journal of Botany 36 (12): e02097. https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.02097
Brullo, S., Pavone, P., Salmeri, C. & Terrasi, M.C. (2009) Allium garganicum (Alliaceae), a new species from Apulia (SE Italy). Plant Biosystems 143 (suppl.1): 78–84.
Choi, H.J., Giussani, L.M., Jang, C.G., Oh, B.U. & Cota-Sánchez, J.H. (2012) Systematics of disjunct northeastern Asian and northern North American Allium (Amaryllidaceae). Botany 90: 491–508. https://doi.org/10.1139/b2012-031
Cuénod, A. (1954) Flore analytique et synoptique de la Tunisie (Cryptogames Vasculaires, Gymnospermes et Monocotylédones). Office de l’expérimentation et de la vulgarisation agricoles de Tunisie (Tunis), 287 pp.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2010) Index synonymique de la Flore d’Afrique du Nord, volume 1 (Pteridophytae, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledonae). Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève (Suisse), 455 pp.
Dubouzet, J.G. & Shinoda, K. (1999) Relationships among Old and New World Alliums according to ITS DNA sequence analysis. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 98: 422–433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051088
Ducellier, L. & Maire, R. (1922) Un Allium nouveau de la Flore algérienne. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de l’Afrique du Nord 13: 22–23.
Duman, H., Ek?i, G. & Özbek, F. (2017) Two new species of Allium L. sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution 303: 1271–1291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-017-1437-4
Ekþi, G. & Yýldýrým, H. (2019) Allium yamadagensis (Amaryllidaceae) a new species from Turkey. Phytotaxa 400: 31–36. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.400.1.4
Ek?i, G., Koyuncu, M. & Bona, M. (2015) Allium phanerantherum subsp. involucratum (Amaryllidaceae), a new subspecies from Turkey. Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 22: 143–146. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v22i2.26076
Ek?i, G., Koyuncu, M. & Gençler Özkan, A.M. (2016) Allium ekimianum: A new species (Amaryllidaceae) from Turkey. PhytoKeys 62: 83–93. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.62.7796
El Mokni, R. & Tison, J.-M. (2018) Allium litardierei J.-M. Tison – Pp. 196–197. In: Raab-Straube, E. von & Raus, Th. (Ed.) Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 9 [Notulae ad floram euromediterraneam pertinentes No. 38]. Willdenowia 48: 195–220. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.48.48203
Euro+Med (2006 [continuously updated]) Allium L. in: Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Available from: http://www.europlusmed.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/383a1585-283e-4ee4-bddf-c087e9c941c8 (accessed 12 May 2021)
Fennane, M. (2014) Allium L. In: Fennane, M., Ibn Tattou, M., Mathez, J., Ouyahya, A. & El Oualidi, J. (Eds.) Flore Pratique du Maroc. Vol. 3. Travaux Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Sér. Botanique 40: 398–409.
Fýrat, M., Koyuncu, M. & Ekþi, G. (2018) Allium pervariensis, sect. Allium (Amaryllidaceae), a new species from Siirt Turkey. Plant Biosystems 152: 305–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2016.1271051
Friesen, N. & Blattner, F.R. (2000) RAPD analysis reveals geographic differentiations within Allium schoenoprasum L. (Alliaceae). Plant Biology 2: 297–305. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2000-3698
Friesen, N., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2006) Phylogeny and new intrageneric classification of Allium (Alliaceae) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences. Aliso 22: 372–395.
Gay, J.E. (1847) Allii species octo, pleraeque Algeriense. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Bot. sér. 3 (8): 195–223.
Govaerts, R., Kington, S., Friesen, N., Fritsch, R., Snijman, D.A., Marcucci, R., Silverstone-Sopkin, P.A. & Brullo, S. (2005–2021) World checklist of Amaryllidaceae. Available from: http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/ (accessed 4 May 2021)
Gurushidze, M., Fritsch, R.M. & Blattner, F.R. (2008) Phylogenetic analysis of Allium subg. Melanocrommyum infers cryptic species and demands a new sectional classification. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 49: 997–1007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.09.003
Hanelt, P., Schulze-Motel, J., Fritsch, R.M., Kruse, J., Maass, H., Ohle, H. & Pistrick, K. (1992) Infrageneric grouping of Allium: the Gatersleben approach. In: Hanelt, P., Hammer, K., Knoupffer, H. (Eds.) The genus Allium taxonomic problems and genetic resources. Gatersleben, Germany, pp. 107–123. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263500903487765
IUCN (2021) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-2. Available from: https://www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 8 May 2021)
Jafari, S. Hassandokht, M.R. Taheri, M. & Kashi, A. (2017) Genetic diversity and taxonomic studies of Allium akaka and A. elburzense native to Iran using morphological characters. Journal of Horticultural Research 25: 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1515/johr-2017-0011
Khassanov, F.O. (2018) Taxonomical and ethnobotanical aspects of Allium species from Middle Asia with particular reference to subgenus Allium. In: Shigyo, M., Khar, A. & Abdelrahman, M. (Eds.) The Allium Genomes. Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham, pp. 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95825-5_2
Khedim, T., Amirouche, N. & Amirouche, R. (2016) Morphological and cytotaxonomic data of Allium trichocnemis and A. seirotrichum (Amaryllidaceae) endemic to northern Algeria, compared with A. cupanii group. Phytotaxa 243: 247–259. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.243.3.3
Koch, W.D.J. (1837) Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae 2. Sumtibus Friederici Wilmans, Francofurti, 844 pp.
Kollmann, F. (1984) Allium L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8. Edinburgh Univ. Press, Edinburgh, pp. 98–211.
Li, Q.-Q., Zhou, S.-D., He, X.-J., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y.-C. & Wei, X.-Q. (2010) Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China. Annals of Botany 106: 709–733.
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Maire, R. (1958) Flore de l’Afrique du Nord 5. Édition Paul Lechevalier, Paris, pp. 244–303.
Maire, R. (1940) Contributions à l’étude de la flore de l’Afrique du Nord. Bulletin de la Société d’histoire naturelle de l’Afrique du nord 31: 7–49.
Nguyen, N.H., Driscoll, H.E. & Specht, C.D. (2008) A molecular phylogeny of the wild onions (Allium; Alliaceae) with a focus on the western North American center of diversity. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47: 1157–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2007.12.006
Özhatay, O., Koçyi?it, M., Brullo, S. & Salmeri, S. (2018) Allium istanbulense (Amaryllidaceae), a new autumnal species of Sect. Codonoprasum from Turkey and its taxonomic position among allied species. Phytotaxa 334: 152–166. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.334.2.5
Pastor, J.E. & Diosdado, J.C. (1995) A karyological study of Allium rouyi Gautier (Liliaceae), a recently rediscovered endemic species from the south of Spain. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 117: 255–258.
Peruzzi, L. (2007) Allium garbarii (Alliaceae), a new species endemic to Calabria (S Italy). Candollea 62: 17–25.
Quézel, P. & Santa, S. (1962) Nouvelle flore de l’Algérie et des régions désertiques méridionales. CNRS, Paris, vol.1, 1170 pp.
Radi?, J. (1990) Contribution to the knowledge of reproductive peculiarity of genus Allium L. in the area Podbiokovlje. Razprave Slovenska Akademija Znanosti in Umetnosti. Razred za Naravoslovne Vede 31: 247–269.
Rankou, H., Culham, A., Jury, S.L. & Christenhusz, M. (2013) The endemic flora of Morocco. Phytotaxa 78: 1–69. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.78.1.1
Rebbas, K., Guechi, N.O., Beghami, Y., Moulay-Meliani, K. Tison, J.-M. & Véla, E. (2019) Redécouverte d’Allium scaberrimum J.Serres (syn. A. pardoi Loscos) en Afrique du Nord (Algérie). Bulletin mensuel de la Société linnéenne de Lyon 88: 178–187.
Stearn, W.T. (1980) Allium L. In: Tutin, T.G., Heywood, V.H., Burges, N.A., Moore, D.M., Valentine, D.H., Walters, S.M. & Webb, D.A. (Eds.) Flora europaea 5. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 49–69.
Tison, J.-M. & Foucault, B. de (2014) Flora Gallica : flore de France. Biotope, 1195 pp.
Tison, J.-M. (2010) Allium litardierei J.-M.Tison, nom. et stat. nov. In: Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (Eds.) Index synonymique de la flore d’Afrique du Nord 1. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Monocotyledoneae. Genève, Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, pp. 403.
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