Abstract
Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. tetraphyllum, a species mostly occuring naturally in the Mediterranean region, is recorded for the first time for the Colombian flora. This species is easily recognized by its scarious stipules, flowers with five keeled sepals with scarious margins, three white petaloid staminodes, and D-shaped papillated seeds. To the date, this species only has been recorded in Bogotá D.C., growing through the pavement. Additionally, we present the first key to genera of the Caryophyllaceae present in Colombia.
References
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<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1828) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Pars Tertia</em>. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 494 pp.</p>
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<p>Iamonico, D. & Domina, G. (2015) Nomenclatural notes on the <em>Polycarpon</em> <em>tetraphyllum</em> aggregate (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Plant Biosystems</em> 149: 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1057260</p>
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<p>Kool, A., Bengtson, A. & Thulin, M. (2007) Polyphyly of <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. <em>Taxon</em> 56 (3): 775−782. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065860</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1823) <em>Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.)</em>, Tomus VI. Apud Gide Filium Bibliopolam, Paris, 422 pp.</p>
<p>Lamarck, J. (1792) Sur le nouveau genre <em>Policarpea</em>. <em>Journal d’Histoire Naturelle</em> 2 (13): 3–9.</p>
<p>Lamarck, J. & Poiret, J.L.M. (1816) <em>Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique. Supplément</em>, Tome 4. Madame veuve Agasse imprimeur-libraire, Paris, 731 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.826</p>
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<p>Sandoval-Ortega, M.H., Siqueiros-Delgado, M.E., Cerros-Tlatilpa, R. & Ocampo, G. (2019) La familia Caryophyllaceae en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. <em>Acta Botanica Mexicana</em> 126: e1455. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1455</p>
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<p>Thiers, B. (2022) <em>Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 16 January 2022).</p>
<p>Volponi, C.R. (2004) Espermatología y palinología de las especies de <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae) en la Argentina. <em>Physis (Buenos Aires), Sección C</em> 59 (136–137): 1–9.</p>
<p>Vitousek, P.M.; D’ Antonio, C.M., Loope, L.L., Rejmanek, M. & Westbrooks, R. (1997) Introduced species: a significant component of human-caused global change. <em>New Zealand Journal of Ecology</em> 21: 1–16.</p>
<p>Webb, P.B. (1849) Spicilegia Gorgonea. <em>In:</em> Vogel, J.R.T. (Ed.) <em>Niger flora, or, An enumeration of the plants of Western Tropical Africa</em>. Hippolyte Bailliere Publisher, London, pp. 90–197.</p>
<p>Ascherson, P. (1889) Zur synonymie der <em>Eurotia ceratoides </em>(L.) C.A. Mey. und einiger ägyptischer Paronychieen.<em>Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift</em> 39 (4): 126–128.</p>
<p>Bartling, F.G. (1830) <em>Ordines Naturales Plantarum</em>. Sumptibus Dieterichianis, Gottinga, 498 pp.</p>
<p>Bernal, R. (2016) Cayophyllaceae. <em>In</em>: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (Eds.) <em>Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia</em>. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, pp. 1043–1046.</p>
<p>Burtt , B.L. & Lewis, P. (1952) On the Flora of Kuweit: II. <em>Kew Bulletin </em>7 (3): 333–352.</p>
<p>CABI (2021) <em>Polycarpon tetraphyllum</em> (fourleaf allseed). CAB International, Wallford. Available from: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/116427#tosummaryOfInvasiveness (accessed 16 January 2022)</p>
<p>Candolle, A.P. de (1828) <em>Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Pars Tertia</em>. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 494 pp.</p>
<p>Cárdenas, D., Baptiste, M.P. & Castaño, N. (2017) <em>Plantas exóticas con alto potencial invasor en Colombia</em>. Instituto de Investigaciones Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá D.C., 295 pp.</p>
<p>Decne, J. (1835) Florula Sinaica. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique</em> Seconde série 3: 237–291.</p>
<p>Engelmann, G. (1986) Instructions for the collection and preservation of botanical specimens. <em>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</em> 73 (3): 504–507. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399189</p>
<p>Escamilla, M. (1999) Nuevos registros de Caryophyllaceae para México. <em>Polibotanica</em> 10: 123–126.</p>
<p>Forsskål, P. (1775) <em>Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica</em>. Officina Mölleri, Copenhagen, 219 pp.</p>
<p>Gereau, R & Marticorena, C. (1995) The Genus <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae) in South America, with One New Species from the Norte Chico of Chile. <em>Novon </em>5 (2): 152–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/3392237</p>
<p>Grisebach, A. (1874) Plantae Lorenzianae. Bearbeitung der ersten und zweiten Sammlung argentinischer Pflanzen des Professor Lorentz zu Cordoba. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen</em> 19: 76−78.</p>
<p>Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., Von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G., Ochoterena, H., Sánchez, B., Schlumpberger, B.O. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. <em>Willdenowia</em> 45 (3): 281–383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301</p>
<p>Hooker, W.J. (1849) <em>Niger flora</em>. H. Bailliere, London, 587 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.594</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2015a) <em>Augustea</em> (Polycarpaeae, Caryophyllaceae), a new genus from South America. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 236 (1): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.6</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2015b) A new combination and change in rank in <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae), endemic to California, U.S.A., and Mexico. <em>Novon</em> 24: 159–164. https://doi.org/10.3417/2014018</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2015c) A new nomenclatural change in <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae<em>): P. tetraphyllum</em> subsp. <em>sauvagei</em> comb. & stat. nov., an endemic taxon from Morocco. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 197: 225–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.3.7</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2015d) <em>Polycarpon tetraphyllum</em> subsp. <em>dunense</em> (P. Fraga & Rosseló) Iamonico, comb. et stat. nov. En RAAB-STRAUBE, E. VON. & T. RAUS (Eds.) Euro+Med–Cheklist notulae 4. <em>Willdenowia</em> 45: 120–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45113</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2017a) <em>Polycarpon tetraphyllum</em> subsp. <em>arabicum</em> comb. et stat. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), a taxon from the Eastern Mediterranean-Arabian area. Atti della Società toscana di scienze naturali. Memorie, Serie B 123: 5–8.</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. (2017b) <em>Polycarpon</em> L.<em> In: </em>Pignatti, S. (Ed.) <em>Flora d’Italia</em>, vol. 2. Edagricole, Bologna, pp. 146–147.</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. & Domina, G. (2015) Nomenclatural notes on the <em>Polycarpon</em> <em>tetraphyllum</em> aggregate (Caryophyllaceae). <em>Plant Biosystems</em> 149: 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1057260</p>
<p>Iamonico, D. & Montesinos-Tubée, D.B. (2017) <em>Augustea moreirana</em> <em>comb. nov.</em> (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic species from Chile. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 327 (3): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.11</p>
<p>Kool, A., Bengtson, A. & Thulin, M. (2007) Polyphyly of <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. <em>Taxon</em> 56 (3): 775−782. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065860</p>
<p>Kunth, C.S. (1823) <em>Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.)</em>, Tomus VI. Apud Gide Filium Bibliopolam, Paris, 422 pp.</p>
<p>Lamarck, J. (1792) Sur le nouveau genre <em>Policarpea</em>. <em>Journal d’Histoire Naturelle</em> 2 (13): 3–9.</p>
<p>Lamarck, J. & Poiret, J.L.M. (1816) <em>Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique. Supplément</em>, Tome 4. Madame veuve Agasse imprimeur-libraire, Paris, 731 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.826</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1753) <em>Species plantarum</em>, vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.</p>
<p>Linnaeus, C. (1759) <em>Systema naturae, ed</em>. 10, vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 559 pp.</p>
<p>Miller, P. (1754) <em>The gardeners dictionary</em>, vol. 3. John and James Rivington, London, 585 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061</p>
<p>Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (2000) Introduction. <em>In</em>: Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (Eds.) <em>Invasive species in a changing world</em>. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1–13.</p>
<p>Muñoz-Schick, M., Moreira-Muñoz, A. & de Trenqualye, A. (2016) <em>Polycarpon moreiranum</em>, nueva especie de Caryophyllaceae endémica de Chile. <em>Gayana Botanica</em> 73 (2): 467–470. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432016000200467</p>
<p>Persoon, C.H. (1805) <em>Synopsis Plantarum</em>, vol. 1. C.F. Cramerum, Paris, 546 pp.</p>
<p>POWO (2019) <em>Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</em>. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 16 January 2022).</p>
<p>Presl, J.S. & Presl, K.B. (1819) <em>Flora Čechica</em>. In comissis apud J.G. Calve, Pragae, 224 pp.</p>
<p>Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1819) <em>Systema Vegetabilium</em>, vol. 5. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 632 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825</p>
<p>Sandoval-Ortega, M.H., Siqueiros-Delgado, M.E., Cerros-Tlatilpa, R. & Ocampo, G. (2019) La familia Caryophyllaceae en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. <em>Acta Botanica Mexicana</em> 126: e1455. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1455</p>
<p>Steudel, E.T. (1841) <em>Nomenclator botanicus, seu, Synonymia plantarum universalis, Editio secunda, Pars II</em>. Typis et sumptibus J.E. Cottae, Tubinga, 810 pp.</p>
<p>Thieret, J.W. & Rabeler, R.K. (2005) <em>Polycarpon</em>. <em>In</em>: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) <em>Flora of North America North of Mexico</em>, <em>vol 5</em>. Oxford University Press. New York and Oxford, pp. 25–26.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2022) <em>Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium</em>. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 16 January 2022).</p>
<p>Volponi, C.R. (2004) Espermatología y palinología de las especies de <em>Polycarpon</em> (Caryophyllaceae) en la Argentina. <em>Physis (Buenos Aires), Sección C</em> 59 (136–137): 1–9.</p>
<p>Vitousek, P.M.; D’ Antonio, C.M., Loope, L.L., Rejmanek, M. & Westbrooks, R. (1997) Introduced species: a significant component of human-caused global change. <em>New Zealand Journal of Ecology</em> 21: 1–16.</p>
<p>Webb, P.B. (1849) Spicilegia Gorgonea. <em>In:</em> Vogel, J.R.T. (Ed.) <em>Niger flora, or, An enumeration of the plants of Western Tropical Africa</em>. Hippolyte Bailliere Publisher, London, pp. 90–197.</p>