Abstract
Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. tetraphyllum, a species mostly occuring naturally in the Mediterranean region, is recorded for the first time for the Colombian flora. This species is easily recognized by its scarious stipules, flowers with five keeled sepals with scarious margins, three white petaloid staminodes, and D-shaped papillated seeds. To the date, this species only has been recorded in Bogotá D.C., growing through the pavement. Additionally, we present the first key to genera of the Caryophyllaceae present in Colombia.
References
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Candolle, A.P. de (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Pars Tertia. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 494 pp.
Cárdenas, D., Baptiste, M.P. & Castaño, N. (2017) Plantas exóticas con alto potencial invasor en Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá D.C., 295 pp.
Decne, J. (1835) Florula Sinaica. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique Seconde série 3: 237–291.
Engelmann, G. (1986) Instructions for the collection and preservation of botanical specimens. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73 (3): 504–507. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399189
Escamilla, M. (1999) Nuevos registros de Caryophyllaceae para México. Polibotanica 10: 123–126.
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Gereau, R & Marticorena, C. (1995) The Genus Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) in South America, with One New Species from the Norte Chico of Chile. Novon 5 (2): 152–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/3392237
Grisebach, A. (1874) Plantae Lorenzianae. Bearbeitung der ersten und zweiten Sammlung argentinischer Pflanzen des Professor Lorentz zu Cordoba. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 19: 76?78.
Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., Von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G., Ochoterena, H., Sánchez, B., Schlumpberger, B.O. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45 (3): 281–383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
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Iamonico, D. (2015a) Augustea (Polycarpaeae, Caryophyllaceae), a new genus from South America. Phytotaxa 236 (1): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.6
Iamonico, D. (2015b) A new combination and change in rank in Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae), endemic to California, U.S.A., and Mexico. Novon 24: 159–164. https://doi.org/10.3417/2014018
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Iamonico, D. (2017b) Polycarpon L. In: Pignatti, S. (Ed.) Flora d’Italia, vol. 2. Edagricole, Bologna, pp. 146–147.
Iamonico, D. & Domina, G. (2015) Nomenclatural notes on the Polycarpon tetraphyllum aggregate (Caryophyllaceae). Plant Biosystems 149: 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1057260
Iamonico, D. & Montesinos-Tubée, D.B. (2017) Augustea moreirana comb. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic species from Chile. Phytotaxa 327 (3): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.11
Kool, A., Bengtson, A. & Thulin, M. (2007) Polyphyly of Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. Taxon 56 (3): 775?782. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065860
Kunth, C.S. (1823) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.), Tomus VI. Apud Gide Filium Bibliopolam, Paris, 422 pp.
Lamarck, J. (1792) Sur le nouveau genre Policarpea. Journal d’Histoire Naturelle 2 (13): 3–9.
Lamarck, J. & Poiret, J.L.M. (1816) Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique. Supplément, Tome 4. Madame veuve Agasse imprimeur-libraire, Paris, 731 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.826
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.
Linnaeus, C. (1759) Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 559 pp.
Miller, P. (1754) The gardeners dictionary, vol. 3. John and James Rivington, London, 585 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061
Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (2000) Introduction. In: Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (Eds.) Invasive species in a changing world. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1–13.
Muñoz-Schick, M., Moreira-Muñoz, A. & de Trenqualye, A. (2016) Polycarpon moreiranum, nueva especie de Caryophyllaceae endémica de Chile. Gayana Botanica 73 (2): 467–470. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432016000200467
Persoon, C.H. (1805) Synopsis Plantarum, vol. 1. C.F. Cramerum, Paris, 546 pp.
POWO (2019) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 16 January 2022).
Presl, J.S. & Presl, K.B. (1819) Flora ?echica. In comissis apud J.G. Calve, Pragae, 224 pp.
Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1819) Systema Vegetabilium, vol. 5. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 632 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825
Sandoval-Ortega, M.H., Siqueiros-Delgado, M.E., Cerros-Tlatilpa, R. & Ocampo, G. (2019) La familia Caryophyllaceae en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 126: e1455. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1455
Steudel, E.T. (1841) Nomenclator botanicus, seu, Synonymia plantarum universalis, Editio secunda, Pars II. Typis et sumptibus J.E. Cottae, Tubinga, 810 pp.
Thieret, J.W. & Rabeler, R.K. (2005) Polycarpon. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol 5. Oxford University Press. New York and Oxford, pp. 25–26.
Thiers, B. (2022) Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 16 January 2022).
Volponi, C.R. (2004) Espermatología y palinología de las especies de Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) en la Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires), Sección C 59 (136–137): 1–9.
Vitousek, P.M.; D’ Antonio, C.M., Loope, L.L., Rejmanek, M. & Westbrooks, R. (1997) Introduced species: a significant component of human-caused global change. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21: 1–16.
Webb, P.B. (1849) Spicilegia Gorgonea. In: Vogel, J.R.T. (Ed.) Niger flora, or, An enumeration of the plants of Western Tropical Africa. Hippolyte Bailliere Publisher, London, pp. 90–197.
Ascherson, P. (1889) Zur synonymie der Eurotia ceratoides (L.) C.A. Mey. und einiger ägyptischer Paronychieen.Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift 39 (4): 126–128.
Bartling, F.G. (1830) Ordines Naturales Plantarum. Sumptibus Dieterichianis, Gottinga, 498 pp.
Bernal, R. (2016) Cayophyllaceae. In: Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (Eds.) Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, pp. 1043–1046.
Burtt , B.L. & Lewis, P. (1952) On the Flora of Kuweit: II. Kew Bulletin 7 (3): 333–352.
CABI (2021) Polycarpon tetraphyllum (fourleaf allseed). CAB International, Wallford. Available from: https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/116427#tosummaryOfInvasiveness (accessed 16 January 2022)
Candolle, A.P. de (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Pars Tertia. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 494 pp.
Cárdenas, D., Baptiste, M.P. & Castaño, N. (2017) Plantas exóticas con alto potencial invasor en Colombia. Instituto de Investigaciones Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá D.C., 295 pp.
Decne, J. (1835) Florula Sinaica. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique Seconde série 3: 237–291.
Engelmann, G. (1986) Instructions for the collection and preservation of botanical specimens. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73 (3): 504–507. https://doi.org/10.2307/2399189
Escamilla, M. (1999) Nuevos registros de Caryophyllaceae para México. Polibotanica 10: 123–126.
Forsskål, P. (1775) Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica. Officina Mo?lleri, Copenhagen, 219 pp.
Gereau, R & Marticorena, C. (1995) The Genus Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) in South America, with One New Species from the Norte Chico of Chile. Novon 5 (2): 152–155. https://doi.org/10.2307/3392237
Grisebach, A. (1874) Plantae Lorenzianae. Bearbeitung der ersten und zweiten Sammlung argentinischer Pflanzen des Professor Lorentz zu Cordoba. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen 19: 76?78.
Hernández-Ledesma, P., Berendsohn, W.G., Borsch, T., Von Mering, S., Akhani, H., Arias, S., Castañeda-Noa, I., Eggli, U., Eriksson, R., Flores-Olvera, H., Fuentes-Bazán, S., Kadereit, G., Klak, C., Korotkova, N., Nyffeler, R., Ocampo, G., Ochoterena, H., Sánchez, B., Schlumpberger, B.O. & Uotila, P. (2015) A taxonomic backbone for the global synthesis of species diversity in the angiosperm order Caryophyllales. Willdenowia 45 (3): 281–383. https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45301
Hooker, W.J. (1849) Niger flora. H. Bailliere, London, 587 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.594
Iamonico, D. (2015a) Augustea (Polycarpaeae, Caryophyllaceae), a new genus from South America. Phytotaxa 236 (1): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.236.1.6
Iamonico, D. (2015b) A new combination and change in rank in Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae), endemic to California, U.S.A., and Mexico. Novon 24: 159–164. https://doi.org/10.3417/2014018
Iamonico, D. (2015c) A new nomenclatural change in Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae): P. tetraphyllum subsp. sauvagei comb. & stat. nov., an endemic taxon from Morocco. Phytotaxa 197: 225–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.197.3.7
Iamonico, D. (2015d) Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. dunense (P. Fraga & Rosseló) Iamonico, comb. et stat. nov. En RAAB-STRAUBE, E. VON. & T. RAUS (Eds.) Euro+Med–Cheklist notulae 4. Willdenowia 45: 120–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3372/wi.45.45113
Iamonico, D. (2017a) Polycarpon tetraphyllum subsp. arabicum comb. et stat. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), a taxon from the Eastern Mediterranean-Arabian area. Atti della Società toscana di scienze naturali. Memorie, Serie B 123: 5–8.
Iamonico, D. (2017b) Polycarpon L. In: Pignatti, S. (Ed.) Flora d’Italia, vol. 2. Edagricole, Bologna, pp. 146–147.
Iamonico, D. & Domina, G. (2015) Nomenclatural notes on the Polycarpon tetraphyllum aggregate (Caryophyllaceae). Plant Biosystems 149: 720–727. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2015.1057260
Iamonico, D. & Montesinos-Tubée, D.B. (2017) Augustea moreirana comb. nov. (Caryophyllaceae), an endemic species from Chile. Phytotaxa 327 (3): 299–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.327.3.11
Kool, A., Bengtson, A. & Thulin, M. (2007) Polyphyly of Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) inferred from DNA sequence data. Taxon 56 (3): 775?782. https://doi.org/10.2307/25065860
Kunth, C.S. (1823) Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.), Tomus VI. Apud Gide Filium Bibliopolam, Paris, 422 pp.
Lamarck, J. (1792) Sur le nouveau genre Policarpea. Journal d’Histoire Naturelle 2 (13): 3–9.
Lamarck, J. & Poiret, J.L.M. (1816) Encyclopeìdie meìthodique. Botanique. Supplément, Tome 4. Madame veuve Agasse imprimeur-libraire, Paris, 731 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.826
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 1. Salvius, Stockholm, 560 pp.
Linnaeus, C. (1759) Systema naturae, ed. 10, vol. 2. Salvius, Stockholm, 559 pp.
Miller, P. (1754) The gardeners dictionary, vol. 3. John and James Rivington, London, 585 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.79061
Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (2000) Introduction. In: Mooney, H.A. & Hobbs, R.J. (Eds.) Invasive species in a changing world. Island Press, Washington D.C., pp. 1–13.
Muñoz-Schick, M., Moreira-Muñoz, A. & de Trenqualye, A. (2016) Polycarpon moreiranum, nueva especie de Caryophyllaceae endémica de Chile. Gayana Botanica 73 (2): 467–470. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432016000200467
Persoon, C.H. (1805) Synopsis Plantarum, vol. 1. C.F. Cramerum, Paris, 546 pp.
POWO (2019) Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Available from: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 16 January 2022).
Presl, J.S. & Presl, K.B. (1819) Flora ?echica. In comissis apud J.G. Calve, Pragae, 224 pp.
Roemer, J.J. & Schultes, J.A. (1819) Systema Vegetabilium, vol. 5. Sumtibus J.G. Cottae, Stuttgart, 632 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.825
Sandoval-Ortega, M.H., Siqueiros-Delgado, M.E., Cerros-Tlatilpa, R. & Ocampo, G. (2019) La familia Caryophyllaceae en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. Acta Botanica Mexicana 126: e1455. https://doi.org/10.21829/abm126.2019.1455
Steudel, E.T. (1841) Nomenclator botanicus, seu, Synonymia plantarum universalis, Editio secunda, Pars II. Typis et sumptibus J.E. Cottae, Tubinga, 810 pp.
Thieret, J.W. & Rabeler, R.K. (2005) Polycarpon. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Eds.) Flora of North America North of Mexico, vol 5. Oxford University Press. New York and Oxford, pp. 25–26.
Thiers, B. (2022) Index Herbariorum. A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 16 January 2022).
Volponi, C.R. (2004) Espermatología y palinología de las especies de Polycarpon (Caryophyllaceae) en la Argentina. Physis (Buenos Aires), Sección C 59 (136–137): 1–9.
Vitousek, P.M.; D’ Antonio, C.M., Loope, L.L., Rejmanek, M. & Westbrooks, R. (1997) Introduced species: a significant component of human-caused global change. New Zealand Journal of Ecology 21: 1–16.
Webb, P.B. (1849) Spicilegia Gorgonea. In: Vogel, J.R.T. (Ed.) Niger flora, or, An enumeration of the plants of Western Tropical Africa. Hippolyte Bailliere Publisher, London, pp. 90–197.