Abstract
A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the family Irpicaceae, Irpex jinshaensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species was collected in Yunnan Province, where it grew on the undersides of fallen angiosperm branches. I. jinshaensis is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarp with white to cream pores when fresh becoming salmon to cinnamon upon drying, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thick-walled with simple septa, and occasionally covered with small crystal granules, the presence of encrusted cystidia and subglobose to globose basidiospores. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Irpex, clustering with I. hydnoides, I. hacksungii and I. lacteus with strong support. In addition, a new combination, I. subulatus, is proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Morphological and molecular characters confirm the placement of both the new species and the combination in Irpex. A key to the species of Irpex known from China is provided.
References
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<p>Fries, E.M. (1828) <em>Elenchus Fungorum</em> 1: 1–238.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
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<p>Liu, Z.B. & Yuan, Y. (2020) <em>Luteoporia citriniporia</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 461 (1): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.461.1.4</p>
<p>Liu, Z.B. Zhou, M., Yuan, Y. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Global diversity and taxonomy of <em>Sidera </em>(Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Four new species and keys to species of the genus.<em> Journal of Fungi</em> 7: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040251</p>
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<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Petersen, J.H. (1996) <em>The Danish Mycological Society´s colour-chart. </em>Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve. pp. 1–6.</p>
<p>Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetics and Epidemiology. FigTree ver. 1.4 Software. Available at: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 February 2022)</p>
<p>Reid, D.A. (1962) Notes on fungi which have been referred to the Thelephoraceae senso lato. <em>Persoonia</em> 2 (2): 109–170.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (1973) New genera in the Polyporaceae. <em>Norwegian Journal of Botany</em> 20 (1): 1–5.</p>
<p>Simmons, D.R., Li, Y., Bateman, C.C. & Hulcr, J. (2016) <em>Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov.</em> a basidiomycetous mycosymbiont of <em>Ambrosiodmus </em>ambrosia beetles. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 131 (2): 277–285.</p>
<p>Spirin, W. (2003) <em>Antrodiella romellii</em> (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycetes) in Russia. <em>Mycena</em> 3: 48–52.</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) <em>PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). </em>Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, New York. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 3 February 2022)</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York. pp 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34568</p>
<p>Wu, F., Chen, J.J., Ji, X.H., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2017) Phylogeny and diversity of the morphologically similar polypore genera <em>Rigidoporus</em>, <em>Physisporinus</em>, <em>Oxyporus</em>, and <em>Leucophellinus</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 109 (5): 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1405215</p>
<p>Wu, F., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Yuan, Y., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Polypore diversity in South China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 39: 653–682. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200087</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K., Song, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Fragiliporiaceae, a new family of Polyporales (Basidiomycota). <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 70 (1): 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0299-0</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V., Malysheva, V.F. & Spirin, W.A. (2006) A new morphological arrangement of the Polyporales. I. Phanerochaetineae. <em>Mycena</em> 6: 4–56.</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. & Malysheva, V.F. (2014) Studies on <em>Oxyporus</em>. I. Segregation of <em>Emmia</em> and general topology of phylogenetic tree. <em>Микология и фитопатология</em> 48: 161–171.</p>
<p>Chen, C.C., Chen, C.Y. & Wu, S.H. (2021) Species diversity, taxonomy and multi-gene phylogeny of phlebioid clade (Phanerochaetaceae, Irpicaceae, Meruliaceae) of Polyporales. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>111: 337–442<em>. h</em>ttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00490-w</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C. (2010) Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 45: 131–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0066-9</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C. & Xiong, H.X. (2008) <em>Irpex</em> (Basidiomycota, Steccherinaceae) in China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 27 (4): 515–519.</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C., Yang, Z.L., Cui, B.K., Wu, G., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., He, S.H., Ge, Z.W., Wu, F., Wei, Y.L., Yuan, Y. & Si, J. (2021) Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests. <em>Mycosystema</em> 40: 770–805. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210036</p>
<p>Du, P., Cao, T.X., Wu, Y.D., Zhou, M. & Liu, Z.B. (2021) Two new species of Hymenochaetaceae on <em>Dracaena cambodiana</em> from tropical China. <em>MycoKeys</em> 80: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.80.63997</p>
<p>Eriksson, J. (1958) Studies in the Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes - Aphyllophorales of Muddus National Park in North Sweden. <em>Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses</em> 16 (1): 1–172.</p>
<p>Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence intervals on phylogenetics: an approach using bootstrap. <em>Evolution</em> 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678</p>
<p>Fries, E.M. (1828) <em>Elenchus Fungorum</em> 1: 1–238.</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L. (1982) Aphyllophorales from Northern Thailand. <em>Nordic Journal of Botany</em> 2: 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01189.x</p>
<p>Jung, P.E., Lee, H., Wu, S.H., Hattori, T., Tomšovský, M., Rajchenberg, M., Zhou, M. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) Revision of the taxonomic status of the genus <em>Gloeoporus</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) reveals two new species. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 17 (7): 855–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1400-y</p>
<p>Justo, A., Miettinen, O., Floudas, D., Ortiz-Santana, B., Sjökvist, E., Lindner, D., Nakasone, K.K., Niemelä, T., Larsson, K.H. & Ryvarden, L. (2017) A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). <em>Fungal Biology </em>121: 798–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. <em>Briefings in bioinformatics </em>9: 286–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn013</p>
<p>Klotzsch, J.F. (1833) Fungi exotici et collectionibus Britannorum. <em>Linnaea</em> 8: 478–490.</p>
<p>Lee, J.S., Kim, C. & Lim, Y.W. (2008)<em> Irpex hacksungii sp. nov. </em>(Polyporaceae) from Korea. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 106: 423–429.</p>
<p>Lim, Y.W. & Jung, H.S. (2003)<em> Irpex hydnoides</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> is new to science, based on morphological, cultural and molecular characters. <em>Mycologia</em> 95 (4): 694–699.</p>
<p>Liu, Z.B. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) <em>Steccherinum fragile sp. nov.</em> and <em>S. subcollabens comb. nov. </em>(Steccherinaceae, Polyporales), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 483 (2): 106–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.2.3</p>
<p>Liu, Z.B. & Yuan, Y. (2020) <em>Luteoporia citriniporia</em> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 461 (1): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.461.1.4</p>
<p>Liu, Z.B. Zhou, M., Yuan, Y. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Global diversity and taxonomy of <em>Sidera </em>(Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Four new species and keys to species of the genus.<em> Journal of Fungi</em> 7: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040251</p>
<p>Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. (2010) <em>Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis.</em></p>
<p>Miller, M.A., Holder, M.T., Vos, R., Midford, P.E., Liebowitz, T., Chan, L., Hoover, P. & Warnow, T. (2009) The CIPRES Portals. CIPRES. Homepage at: http://www.phylo.org/sub_sections/portal (accessed 4 August 2009)</p>
<p>Miettinen, O., Spirin, V., Vlasák, J., Rivoire, B., Stenroos, S. & Hibbett, D. (2016) Polypores and genus concepts in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>MycoKeys </em>17: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153</p>
<p>Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.</p>
<p>Petersen, J.H. (1996) <em>The Danish Mycological Society´s colour-chart. </em>Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve. pp. 1–6.</p>
<p>Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817</p>
<p>Rambaut, A. (2012) Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetics and Epidemiology. FigTree ver. 1.4 Software. Available at: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 February 2022)</p>
<p>Reid, D.A. (1962) Notes on fungi which have been referred to the Thelephoraceae senso lato. <em>Persoonia</em> 2 (2): 109–170.</p>
<p>Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (1973) New genera in the Polyporaceae. <em>Norwegian Journal of Botany</em> 20 (1): 1–5.</p>
<p>Simmons, D.R., Li, Y., Bateman, C.C. & Hulcr, J. (2016) <em>Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov.</em> a basidiomycetous mycosymbiont of <em>Ambrosiodmus </em>ambrosia beetles. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 131 (2): 277–285.</p>
<p>Spirin, W. (2003) <em>Antrodiella romellii</em> (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycetes) in Russia. <em>Mycena</em> 3: 48–52.</p>
<p>Swofford, D.L. (2002) <em>PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). </em>Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.</p>
<p>Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, New York. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 3 February 2022)</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics.<em> In: </em>Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications</em>. Academic Press, New York. pp 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34568</p>
<p>Wu, F., Chen, J.J., Ji, X.H., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2017) Phylogeny and diversity of the morphologically similar polypore genera <em>Rigidoporus</em>, <em>Physisporinus</em>, <em>Oxyporus</em>, and <em>Leucophellinus</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 109 (5): 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1405215</p>
<p>Wu, F., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Yuan, Y., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Polypore diversity in South China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 39: 653–682. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200087</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K., Song, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Fragiliporiaceae, a new family of Polyporales (Basidiomycota). <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 70 (1): 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0299-0</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V., Malysheva, V.F. & Spirin, W.A. (2006) A new morphological arrangement of the Polyporales. I. Phanerochaetineae. <em>Mycena</em> 6: 4–56.</p>
<p>Zmitrovich, I.V. & Malysheva, V.F. (2014) Studies on <em>Oxyporus</em>. I. Segregation of <em>Emmia</em> and general topology of phylogenetic tree. <em>Микология и фитопатология</em> 48: 161–171.</p>