Abstract
A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungus in the family Irpicaceae, Irpex jinshaensis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological and molecular evidence. The species was collected in Yunnan Province, where it grew on the undersides of fallen angiosperm branches. I. jinshaensis is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarp with white to cream pores when fresh becoming salmon to cinnamon upon drying, a monomitic hyphal system, generative hyphae thick-walled with simple septa, and occasionally covered with small crystal granules, the presence of encrusted cystidia and subglobose to globose basidiospores. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS + nLSU rDNA sequences shows that the new species belongs to Irpex, clustering with I. hydnoides, I. hacksungii and I. lacteus with strong support. In addition, a new combination, I. subulatus, is proposed based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Morphological and molecular characters confirm the placement of both the new species and the combination in Irpex. A key to the species of Irpex known from China is provided.
References
Anonymous. (1969) Flora of British Fungi. Colour Identification Chart. Her Majesty´s Stationery Office, London.
Chen, C.C., Chen, C.Y. & Wu, S.H. (2021) Species diversity, taxonomy and multi-gene phylogeny of phlebioid clade (Phanerochaetaceae, Irpicaceae, Meruliaceae) of Polyporales. Fungal Diversity 111: 337–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00490-w
Dai, Y.C. (2010) Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 45: 131–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0066-9
Dai, Y.C. & Xiong, H.X. (2008) Irpex (Basidiomycota, Steccherinaceae) in China. Mycosystema 27 (4): 515–519.
Dai, Y.C., Yang, Z.L., Cui, B.K., Wu, G., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., He, S.H., Ge, Z.W., Wu, F., Wei, Y.L., Yuan, Y. & Si, J. (2021) Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests. Mycosystema 40: 770–805. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210036
Du, P., Cao, T.X., Wu, Y.D., Zhou, M. & Liu, Z.B. (2021) Two new species of Hymenochaetaceae on Dracaena cambodiana from tropical China. MycoKeys 80: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.80.63997
Eriksson, J. (1958) Studies in the Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes - Aphyllophorales of Muddus National Park in North Sweden. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 16 (1): 1–172.
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence intervals on phylogenetics: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678
Fries, E.M. (1828) Elenchus Fungorum 1: 1–238.
Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L. (1982) Aphyllophorales from Northern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 2: 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01189.x
Jung, P.E., Lee, H., Wu, S.H., Hattori, T., Tomšovský, M., Rajchenberg, M., Zhou, M. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) Revision of the taxonomic status of the genus Gloeoporus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) reveals two new species. Mycological Progress 17 (7): 855–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1400-y
Justo, A., Miettinen, O., Floudas, D., Ortiz-Santana, B., Sjökvist, E., Lindner, D., Nakasone, K.K., Niemelä, T., Larsson, K.H. & Ryvarden, L. (2017) A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). Fungal Biology 121: 798–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010
Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Briefings in bioinformatics 9: 286–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn013
Klotzsch, J.F. (1833) Fungi exotici et collectionibus Britannorum. Linnaea 8: 478–490.
Lee, J.S., Kim, C. & Lim, Y.W. (2008) Irpex hacksungii sp. nov. (Polyporaceae) from Korea. Mycotaxon 106: 423–429.
Lim, Y.W. & Jung, H.S. (2003) Irpex hydnoides sp. nov. is new to science, based on morphological, cultural and molecular characters. Mycologia 95 (4): 694–699.
Liu, Z.B. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Steccherinum fragile sp. nov. and S. subcollabens comb. nov. (Steccherinaceae, Polyporales), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 483 (2): 106–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.2.3
Liu, Z.B. & Yuan, Y. (2020) Luteoporia citriniporia sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 461 (1): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.461.1.4
Liu, Z.B. Zhou, M., Yuan, Y. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Global diversity and taxonomy of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Four new species and keys to species of the genus. Journal of Fungi 7: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040251
Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. (2010) Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis.
Miller, M.A., Holder, M.T., Vos, R., Midford, P.E., Liebowitz, T., Chan, L., Hoover, P. & Warnow, T. (2009) The CIPRES Portals. CIPRES. Homepage at: http://www.phylo.org/sub_sections/portal (accessed 4 August 2009)
Miettinen, O., Spirin, V., Vlasák, J., Rivoire, B., Stenroos, S. & Hibbett, D. (2016) Polypores and genus concepts in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 17: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Petersen, J.H. (1996) The Danish Mycological Society´s colour-chart. Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve. pp. 1–6.
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
Rambaut, A. (2012) Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetics and Epidemiology. FigTree ver. 1.4 Software. Available at: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 February 2022)
Reid, D.A. (1962) Notes on fungi which have been referred to the Thelephoraceae senso lato. Persoonia 2 (2): 109–170.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Ryvarden, L. (1973) New genera in the Polyporaceae. Norwegian Journal of Botany 20 (1): 1–5.
Simmons, D.R., Li, Y., Bateman, C.C. & Hulcr, J. (2016) Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov. a basidiomycetous mycosymbiont of Ambrosiodmus ambrosia beetles. Mycotaxon 131 (2): 277–285.
Spirin, W. (2003) Antrodiella romellii (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycetes) in Russia. Mycena 3: 48–52.
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.
Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, New York. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 3 February 2022)
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York. pp 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34568
Wu, F., Chen, J.J., Ji, X.H., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2017) Phylogeny and diversity of the morphologically similar polypore genera Rigidoporus, Physisporinus, Oxyporus, and Leucophellinus. Mycologia 109 (5): 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1405215
Wu, F., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Yuan, Y., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Polypore diversity in South China. Mycosystema 39: 653–682. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200087
Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K., Song, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Fragiliporiaceae, a new family of Polyporales (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 70 (1): 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0299-0
Zmitrovich, I.V., Malysheva, V.F. & Spirin, W.A. (2006) A new morphological arrangement of the Polyporales. I. Phanerochaetineae. Mycena 6: 4–56.
Zmitrovich, I.V. & Malysheva, V.F. (2014) Studies on Oxyporus. I. Segregation of Emmia and general topology of phylogenetic tree. ????????? ? ????????????? 48: 161–171.
Chen, C.C., Chen, C.Y. & Wu, S.H. (2021) Species diversity, taxonomy and multi-gene phylogeny of phlebioid clade (Phanerochaetaceae, Irpicaceae, Meruliaceae) of Polyporales. Fungal Diversity 111: 337–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-021-00490-w
Dai, Y.C. (2010) Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. Fungal Diversity 45: 131–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-010-0066-9
Dai, Y.C. & Xiong, H.X. (2008) Irpex (Basidiomycota, Steccherinaceae) in China. Mycosystema 27 (4): 515–519.
Dai, Y.C., Yang, Z.L., Cui, B.K., Wu, G., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., He, S.H., Ge, Z.W., Wu, F., Wei, Y.L., Yuan, Y. & Si, J. (2021) Diversity and systematics of the important macrofungi in Chinese forests. Mycosystema 40: 770–805. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210036
Du, P., Cao, T.X., Wu, Y.D., Zhou, M. & Liu, Z.B. (2021) Two new species of Hymenochaetaceae on Dracaena cambodiana from tropical China. MycoKeys 80: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.80.63997
Eriksson, J. (1958) Studies in the Heterobasidiomycetes and Homobasidiomycetes - Aphyllophorales of Muddus National Park in North Sweden. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 16 (1): 1–172.
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence intervals on phylogenetics: an approach using bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783–791. https://doi.org/10.2307/2408678
Fries, E.M. (1828) Elenchus Fungorum 1: 1–238.
Hall, T.A. (1999) Bioedit: A user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41: 95–98.
Hjortstam, K. & Ryvarden, L. (1982) Aphyllophorales from Northern Thailand. Nordic Journal of Botany 2: 273–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01189.x
Jung, P.E., Lee, H., Wu, S.H., Hattori, T., Tomšovský, M., Rajchenberg, M., Zhou, M. & Lim, Y.W. (2018) Revision of the taxonomic status of the genus Gloeoporus (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) reveals two new species. Mycological Progress 17 (7): 855–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-018-1400-y
Justo, A., Miettinen, O., Floudas, D., Ortiz-Santana, B., Sjökvist, E., Lindner, D., Nakasone, K.K., Niemelä, T., Larsson, K.H. & Ryvarden, L. (2017) A revised family-level classification of the Polyporales (Basidiomycota). Fungal Biology 121: 798–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2017.05.010
Katoh, K. & Toh, H. (2008) Recent developments in the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. Briefings in bioinformatics 9: 286–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbn013
Klotzsch, J.F. (1833) Fungi exotici et collectionibus Britannorum. Linnaea 8: 478–490.
Lee, J.S., Kim, C. & Lim, Y.W. (2008) Irpex hacksungii sp. nov. (Polyporaceae) from Korea. Mycotaxon 106: 423–429.
Lim, Y.W. & Jung, H.S. (2003) Irpex hydnoides sp. nov. is new to science, based on morphological, cultural and molecular characters. Mycologia 95 (4): 694–699.
Liu, Z.B. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Steccherinum fragile sp. nov. and S. subcollabens comb. nov. (Steccherinaceae, Polyporales), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 483 (2): 106–116. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.483.2.3
Liu, Z.B. & Yuan, Y. (2020) Luteoporia citriniporia sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis. Phytotaxa 461 (1): 31–39. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.461.1.4
Liu, Z.B. Zhou, M., Yuan, Y. & Dai, Y.C. (2021) Global diversity and taxonomy of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Four new species and keys to species of the genus. Journal of Fungi 7: 251. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7040251
Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. (2010) Mesquite: A modular system for evolutionary analysis.
Miller, M.A., Holder, M.T., Vos, R., Midford, P.E., Liebowitz, T., Chan, L., Hoover, P. & Warnow, T. (2009) The CIPRES Portals. CIPRES. Homepage at: http://www.phylo.org/sub_sections/portal (accessed 4 August 2009)
Miettinen, O., Spirin, V., Vlasák, J., Rivoire, B., Stenroos, S. & Hibbett, D. (2016) Polypores and genus concepts in Phanerochaetaceae (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). MycoKeys 17: 1–46. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.17.10153
Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest v2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University.
Petersen, J.H. (1996) The Danish Mycological Society´s colour-chart. Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve. pp. 1–6.
Posada, D. & Crandall, K.A. (1998) Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14: 817–818. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817
Rambaut, A. (2012) Molecular Evolution, Phylogenetics and Epidemiology. FigTree ver. 1.4 Software. Available at: http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/ (accessed 3 February 2022)
Reid, D.A. (1962) Notes on fungi which have been referred to the Thelephoraceae senso lato. Persoonia 2 (2): 109–170.
Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) Mrbayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19: 1572–1574. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180
Ryvarden, L. (1973) New genera in the Polyporaceae. Norwegian Journal of Botany 20 (1): 1–5.
Simmons, D.R., Li, Y., Bateman, C.C. & Hulcr, J. (2016) Flavodon ambrosius sp. nov. a basidiomycetous mycosymbiont of Ambrosiodmus ambrosia beetles. Mycotaxon 131 (2): 277–285.
Spirin, W. (2003) Antrodiella romellii (Irpicaceae, Basidiomycetes) in Russia. Mycena 3: 48–52.
Swofford, D.L. (2002) PAUP*: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Massachusetts.
Thiers, B. (2018) Index Herbariorum: A global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium, New York. Available from: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/ (accessed 3 February 2022)
White, T.J., Bruns, T., Lee, S. & Taylor, J. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J., White, T.J. (Eds.) PCR protocols, a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, New York. pp 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep34568
Wu, F., Chen, J.J., Ji, X.H., Vlasák, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2017) Phylogeny and diversity of the morphologically similar polypore genera Rigidoporus, Physisporinus, Oxyporus, and Leucophellinus. Mycologia 109 (5): 749–765. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2017.1405215
Wu, F., Yuan, H.S., Zhou, L.W., Yuan, Y., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2020) Polypore diversity in South China. Mycosystema 39: 653–682. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200087
Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K., Song, J. & Dai, Y.C. (2015) Fragiliporiaceae, a new family of Polyporales (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 70 (1): 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-014-0299-0
Zmitrovich, I.V., Malysheva, V.F. & Spirin, W.A. (2006) A new morphological arrangement of the Polyporales. I. Phanerochaetineae. Mycena 6: 4–56.
Zmitrovich, I.V. & Malysheva, V.F. (2014) Studies on Oxyporus. I. Segregation of Emmia and general topology of phylogenetic tree. ????????? ? ????????????? 48: 161–171.