Abstract
Trisetum spicatum, a widespread arctic and alpine species, is reported for the first time in the flora of Iran. This species was collected from scree habitats above 4000 m a.s.l. of Mt. Damavand (Central Alborz, Alborz range, N. Iran). This new occurrence of the species in the alpine area of Iran highlights the role of high mountains as migration corridors and refugee during interglacial periods. This new record is different from the other species by its habitat characteristics, compact inflorescence and having dense trichomes on whole parts especially on the peduncle. In addition, ecological and floristic characteristics of the habitat of the species are discussed.
References
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Hulten, E. (1959) The Trisetum spicatum complex. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 53 (2): 203–228.
Janská, V., Jiménez-Alfaro, B., Chytrý, M., Divíšek, J., Anenkhonov, O., Korolyuk, A., Lashchinskyi, N. & Culek, M. (2017) Palaeodistribution modelling of European vegetation types at the Last Glacial Maximum using modern analogues from Siberia: Prospects and limitations. Quaternary Science Reviews 159: 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.011
Jonsell, B., Palsson, J. & Portén, E.K. (1975) Variation and affinities of Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richt. s. lat. (Gramineae) in Iceland. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 69: 113–142.
Kavousi, M., Assadi, M. & Nejadsattari, T. (2009) A new record and anew species of the genus Poa L. (Poaceae) from Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany15: 57–60.
Koch, D.S. (1979) The relationships of three Mexican Avenae and some new characters for distinguishing Deschampsia and Trisetum (Gramineae). Taxon 28 (1): 225–235. https://doi.org/10.2307/1219581
Kürschner, H. & Djamali, M. (2008) Meesia Hedw. (Meesiaceae, Bryophyta) in Iran-evidence from a Quaternary subfossil record. Nova Hedwigia 87: 501–508. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2008/0087-0501
Kürschner, H., Shumilovskikh, L., Djamali, M. & de Beaulieu, J.L. (2015) A late Holocene subfossil record of Sphagnum squarrosum Crome (Sphagnopsida, Bryophyta) from N.W. Iran. Nova Hedwigia 100: 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2014/0228
Ledebour, C.F. (1829) Icones Plantarum Novarum vel Imperfecte Cognitarum Floram Rossicam. Rigae: apud I. Deubner, 200 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46626
Lenoir, J., Gégout, J.C., Marquet, P.A., de Ruffray, P.& Brisse, H. (2008) A significant upward shift in plant species optimum elevation during the 20th century. Science 320: 1768–1770. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1156831
Linnaeus, C. von (1753) Species Plantarum. Laurentius Salvius, Stockholm, 1200 pp.
Linder, H.P. & Barker, N.P. (2014) Does polyploidy facilitate long-distance dispersal? Annals of Botany 113: 1175–1183. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu047
Manafzadeh, S., Salvo, G. & Conti, E. (2014) A tale of migrations from east to west: the Irano-Turanianfloristic region as a source of Mediterranean xerophytes. Journal of Biogeography 41: 366–379. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12185
Marschall von Bieberstein, F.A. (1819) Flora Taurico - Caucasica, exhibens stirpes phaenogamas, in Chersoneso Taurica et regionibus Caucasis sponte crescentes. Historiae Naturalis Classica.
Moore, M.J., Tye, A. & Jansen, R.K. (2006) Patters of long-distance dispersal in Tiquila Subgen. Tiquila (Boraginaceae): Implications for the origins of amphitropical disjuncts and Galapagos islands endemics. American Journal of Botany 93: 1163–1177. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.93.8.1163
Naqinezhad, A., Noroozi, J., Bidarlord, M. & Englmaier, P. (2016) First evidence of a heterophyllous water crowfoot (Ranunculus peltatus, Ranunculaceae) in Iran, its phytogeographical implications and a new determination key for Iranian Batrachium. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 118: 135–145.
Noroozi, J., Akhani, H. & Breckle, S.W. (2008) Biodiversity and phytogeography of the alpine flora of Iran. Biodiversity and Conservation 17: 493–521. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-007-9246-7
Noroozi, J., Willner, W., Pauli, H. & Grabherr, G. (2014) Phytosociology and ecology of the high-alpine to subnival scree vegetation of N and NW Iran (Alborz and Azerbaijan Mts.). Applied Vegetation Science 17: 142–161. https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12031
Noroozi, J., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Manafzadeh, S., Asgarpour, Z. & Schneeweiss, G.M. (2019) Endemic diversity and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity hotspots and areas of endemism. Scientific Reports 9 (1): 12991. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49417-1
Persoon, C.H. (1805) Synopsis Plantarum. Apud Carol. Frid. Cramerum, Paris, 546 pp.
Poiret, J.L.M. (1817) Encyclopedia Methodique Botanique. Paris, Liège, 5: 365 pp.
Provancher, L. (1862) Flore Canadienne. Darveau, Québec, 689 pp.
Quintanar, A., Castroviejo, S. & Catalan, P. (2007) Phylogeny of the tribe Avenae (Pooidae, Poaceae) inferred from plastid trn-T-F and nuclear ITs sequences. American Journal of Botany 94 (9): 1554–1569. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.94.9.1554
Randall, J.H. & Hilu, K.W. (1986) Biosystematic studies of North American Trisetums picatum (Poaceae). Systematic Botany 11: 567–578. https://doi.org/10.2307/2419035
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