Abstract
The aim of the present work is to provide an account on the morphological features of pollen of Veronica species in Turkey, as a contribution to future research. Pollen morphology of 20 species of the Veronica were investigated using Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Different palyno-morphological features including; pollen ornamentation, colpus ornamentation, size of polar and equatorial diameter, P/E ratio, exine thickness, and size of colpus were observed. The study revealed that the pollen grains of the studied Veronica species were in all cases tricolpate, radially symmetrical and isopolar, oblate-spheroidal or prolate spheroidal. The surface pattern of the exine varied from striato-reticulate and striato-microreticulate to microechinate-perforate, which allows recognition of three homonymous types of pollen grains.
References
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Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
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Erdtman, G. (1960) The acetolysis method. A revised description. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 54: 561–564.
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Öztürk, A. (2001) Two new species of Veronica L. Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey, V. vanensis and V. yildirimlii. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 8: 5–8.
POWO (2019 [continuously updated]) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 27 February 2020)
Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008
Risch, C. (1939) Die Pollenkorner der in Deutschland wild wachsenden Scrophulariaceaen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 57: 108–121.
Saeidi-Mehrvarz, S. & Zarrei, M. (2006) Pollen morphology of some species of the genus Veronica (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran. Wulfenia 13: 1–9.
Sánchez Agudo, J.Á., Rico, E., Sánchez Sánchez, J. & Martínez-Ortega, M.M. (2009) Pollen morphology in the genus Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) and its systematic significance. Grana 48: 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130903364723
SPSS (2016) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0. IBM Corp., Armonk.
Thiers, B. (2020 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Published on the Internet: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 27 February 2020)
Varghese, T.M. (1968) Studies in the family Scrophulariaceae-II Pollen morphology. Journal of Palynology 4: 91–97.
WFO (2020 [continuously updated]) World Flora Online. Published on the Internet: http://www.worldfloraonline.org (accessed 27 February 2020)
Wodehouse, R.P. (1935) Pollen grains. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 574 pp.
Yaylac?, Ö.K., Sezer, O., Özgi?i, K., Öztürk, D., Erkara, ?.P., Koyuncu, O. & Ocak, A. (2018) A new Veronica (Plantaginaceae) species from central Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 362: 55–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.1.4
Albach, D.C., Martínez-Ortega, M.M., Delgado, L., Weiss-Schneeweiss, H., Özgökce, F. & Fischer, M.A. (2008) Chromosome numbers in Veroniceae: review and several new counts. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 95: 543–566.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998) An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden 85: 531–553. https://doi.org/10.2307/2992015
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2003) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399–436. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385
Bizimbitkiler (2013) Version 3.1. Available at: http://www.bizimbitkiler.org.tr (accessed 27 February 2020)
Ba?er, B., Kocaman, S. & Kur?at, M. (2020) Pollen morphology of some taxa belonging to Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) and its taxonomic importance. Biological Diversity and Conservation13: 274–281. https://doi.org/10.46309/biodicon.2020.756267
Christenhusz, M.J. & Byng, J.W. (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261: 201–217. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. & Tan, K. (1988) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 1), vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 590 pp.
Ekim, T. (2000) Veronica L. In: Güner, A., Özhatay, N., Ekim, T. & Ba?er, K.H.C. (Eds.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Suppl. 2), vol. 11. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 194–196.
Erdtman, G. (1945) Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. IV. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 39: 279–285.
Erdtman, G. (1952) Pollen morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Angiosperms. Chronica Botanica Co., Waltham, 539 pp.
Erdtman, G. (1960) The acetolysis method. A revised description. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 54: 561–564.
Fernández, I., Juan, R. & Pastor, J. (1997) Morfología polínica de Veronica L. (Scrophulariaceae) en el suroeste de España. Acta Botanica Malacitana 22: 65–72.
Fischer, M.A. (1978) Veronica L. In: Davis, P.H. (Ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 6. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, pp. 689–753.
Fischer, M.A. (1984) Veronica fridericae, a new species from Eastern Turkey. Plant Systematics and Evolution 144: 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00990802
Halbritter, H., Ulrich, S., Grímsson, F., Weber, M., Zetter, R., Hesse, M. & Frosch-Radivo, A. (2018) Illustrated pollen terminology. Springer, 487 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71365-6
Hong, D.-Y. & Nilsson, S. (1983) On the validity of the genus Cochlidiosperma Reichenb. (Scrophulariaceae) as supported by additional palynological evidence. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 21: 143–150. https://www.jse.ac.cn/EN/Y1983/V21/I2/143
Hong, D.-Y. (1984) Taxonomy and evolution of the Veroniceae (Scrophulariaceae) with special reference to palynology. Opera Botanica 75: 1–60.
Huang, T.C. (1972) Pollen flora of Taiwan. Departement of Botany National Taiwan University, Taipei, 297 pp.
Jussieu, A.L. (1789) Genera plantarum: secundum ordines naturales disposita. Apud viduam Herissant et Theophilum Barrois, Paris, 498 pp.
IPNI (2020 [continuously updated]) International Plant Names Index. Published on the Internet: https://www.ipni.org (accessed 27 February 2020)
Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species plantarum, vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 560 pp.
Martínez-Ortega, M.M., Sánchez, J.S. & Rico, E. (2000) Palynological study of Veronica Sect. Veronicae and Sect. Veronicastrum (Scrophulariaceae) and its taxonomic significance. Grana 39: 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130150503777
Öztürk, A. (2001) Two new species of Veronica L. Scrophulariaceae) from Turkey, V. vanensis and V. yildirimlii. The Herb Journal of Systematic Botany 8: 5–8.
POWO (2019 [continuously updated]) Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/ (accessed 27 February 2020)
Punt, W., Hoen, P.P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007) Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143: 1–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.008
Risch, C. (1939) Die Pollenkorner der in Deutschland wild wachsenden Scrophulariaceaen. Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 57: 108–121.
Saeidi-Mehrvarz, S. & Zarrei, M. (2006) Pollen morphology of some species of the genus Veronica (Scrophulariaceae) in Iran. Wulfenia 13: 1–9.
Sánchez Agudo, J.Á., Rico, E., Sánchez Sánchez, J. & Martínez-Ortega, M.M. (2009) Pollen morphology in the genus Veronica L. (Plantaginaceae) and its systematic significance. Grana 48: 239–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173130903364723
SPSS (2016) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0. IBM Corp., Armonk.
Thiers, B. (2020 [continuously updated]) Index Herbariorum: a global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Published on the Internet: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih (accessed 27 February 2020)
Varghese, T.M. (1968) Studies in the family Scrophulariaceae-II Pollen morphology. Journal of Palynology 4: 91–97.
WFO (2020 [continuously updated]) World Flora Online. Published on the Internet: http://www.worldfloraonline.org (accessed 27 February 2020)
Wodehouse, R.P. (1935) Pollen grains. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 574 pp.
Yaylac?, Ö.K., Sezer, O., Özgi?i, K., Öztürk, D., Erkara, ?.P., Koyuncu, O. & Ocak, A. (2018) A new Veronica (Plantaginaceae) species from central Anatolia, Turkey. Phytotaxa 362: 55–67. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.362.1.4