Abstract
Donald T. Kowalski’s herbarium collection gathered in 1960s is among the most important historical documentation of nivicolous myxomycete diversity in North America. A revision of speciose genus Lamproderma from this collection deposited in UC was undertaken. Based on examination of 95 specimens that were originally classified by Kowalski into 13 species, 25 species have been recognized. The identity of seven species: L. arcyrionema, L. biasperosporum, L. columbinum, L. disseminatum, L. echinosporum, L. maculatum, and L. scintillans was confirmed and all specimens represented the species as originally determined by Kowalski. Remaining 18 species were either differently interpreted or not distinguished by Kowalski. The most interesting of them is a single collection of Diacheopsis sp. that most likely belongs to an undescribed species. Attempts to obtain molecular barcode reference sequences from Kowalski’s specimens failed, likely due to the degradation of DNA induced by chemical treatment of collections in the past, thus this material remains available only for morphological comparisons. Results of the present revision contribute to more adequate estimation of diversity of Lamproderma species in the USA revealing a much higher number of species than originally reported. More generally, these results emphasize a need of revisions of old collections what is particularly important in the genera like Lamproderma where taxonomic changes proposed during last decades made older published records unequivocal or difficult to interpret.
References
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<p>Bozonnet, J., Meyer, M. & Poulain, M. (1995) Les espèces nivales du genre <em>Lamproderma </em>(Myxomycetes) a péridium maculé. <em>Documents Mycologiques</em> 24 (96): 1–8.</p>
<p>Bozonnet, J., Meyer, M. & Poulain, M. (1997) <em>Lamproderma cacographicum </em>une nouvelle espèce nivale de myxomycetes. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 144: 117–121.</p>
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<p>Feng, Y., Klahr, A., Janik, P., Ronikier, A., Hoppe, T., Novozhilov, Y.K. & Schnittler, M. (2016) What an intron may tell: several sexual biospecies coexist in <em>Meriderma</em> spp. (Myxomycetes). <em>Protist</em> 167: 234–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2016.03.003</p>
<p>Fiore-Donno, A.M., Kamono, A., Meyer, M., Schnittler, M., Fukui, M. & Cavalier-Smith, T. (2012) 18S rDNA Phylogeny of <em>Lamproderma</em> and allied genera (Stemonitales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa). <em>PLOS ONE</em> 7: e35359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035359</p>
<p>Fuckel, K.W.G.L. (1873–1874) Symbolae mycologicae. Zweiter Nachtrag. <em>Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde</em> 27–28: 1–99.</p>
<p>Janik, P. & Ronikier, A. (2016) <em>Meriderma</em> species (Myxomycetes) from the Polish Carpathians: a taxonomic revision using SEM-visualized spore ornamentation. <em>Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae</em> 85 (1): 3492. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3492</p>
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<p>Janik, P., Szczepaniak, M., Lado, C. & Ronikier, A. (2021) <em>Didymium pseudonivicola</em>: a new myxomycete from the austral Andes emerges from broad-scale morphological and molecular analyses of <em>D. nivicola</em> collections. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (6): 1327–1342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2021.1961068</p>
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<p>Martin, G.W. & Alexopoulos, C.J. (1969) <em>The Myxomycetes.</em> University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 560 pp.</p>
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<p>Meyer, M., Nowotny, W. & Poulain, M. (1994) Une espèce nouvelle du genre <em>Lamproderma </em>Rost. (Myxomycètes). <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 132: 34–38.</p>
<p>Meylan, Ch. (1924) Recherches sur les myxomycètes du Jura en 1921–22–23. <em>Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles</em> 55 (214): 237–244.</p>
<p>Meylan, Ch. (1932) Les espèces nivales du genre <em>Lamproderma</em>. <em>Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles</em> 57 (228): 359–373.</p>
<p>Moreno, G., López-Villalba, Á., Castillo, A. & Stephenson, S.L. (2018) Some nivicolous <em>Lamproderma </em>and <em>Meriderma </em>from the Himalayan Mountains of northwestern India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 373: 221–230. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.373.3.5</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Rojas, C., Stephenson, S.L. & Singer, H. (2009) A new species of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes) from Costa Rica. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 8: 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0593-5</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Sánchez, A., López-Villalba, Á. & Castillo, A. (2019) <em>Lamproderma guadarramicum sp. nov.</em> a new nivicolous myxomycete from Spain. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid</em> 43: 17–24.</p>
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<p>Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. & Yamamoto, Y. (1987) Additions to the Myxomycetes of Japan. III. <em>Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Series C, biological and medical sciences</em> 90 (3): 311–349.</p>
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<p>Poulain, M. & Meyer, M. (2015) <em>Lamproderma muscicola</em>, une nouvelle espèce de myxomycètes. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 218: 91–98.</p>
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<p>Bozonnet, J., Meyer, M. & Poulain, M. (1997) <em>Lamproderma cacographicum </em>une nouvelle espèce nivale de myxomycetes. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 144: 117–121.</p>
<p>Castillo, A., Moreno, G., Illana, C. & Lago, J. (1997) A critical study of some Stemonitales. <em>Mycological Research</em> 101 (11): 1320–1340. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756297004103</p>
<p>Erastova, D.A., Novozhilov, Y.K. & Schnittler, M. (2017) Nivicolous myxomycetes of the Khibiny Mountains, Kola Peninsula, Russia. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 104 (1–3): 85–110. https://doi.org/10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2015/0274</p>
<p>Feng, Y., Klahr, A., Janik, P., Ronikier, A., Hoppe, T., Novozhilov, Y.K. & Schnittler, M. (2016) What an intron may tell: several sexual biospecies coexist in <em>Meriderma</em> spp. (Myxomycetes). <em>Protist</em> 167: 234–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2016.03.003</p>
<p>Fiore-Donno, A.M., Kamono, A., Meyer, M., Schnittler, M., Fukui, M. & Cavalier-Smith, T. (2012) 18S rDNA Phylogeny of <em>Lamproderma</em> and allied genera (Stemonitales, Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa). <em>PLOS ONE</em> 7: e35359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035359</p>
<p>Fuckel, K.W.G.L. (1873–1874) Symbolae mycologicae. Zweiter Nachtrag. <em>Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde</em> 27–28: 1–99.</p>
<p>Janik, P. & Ronikier, A. (2016) <em>Meriderma</em> species (Myxomycetes) from the Polish Carpathians: a taxonomic revision using SEM-visualized spore ornamentation. <em>Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae</em> 85 (1): 3492. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3492</p>
<p>Janik, P., Ronikier, M. & Ronikier, A. (2020) New protocol for successful isolation and amplification of DNA from exiguous fractions of specimens: a tool to overcome the basic obstacle in molecular analyses of myxomycetes. <em>PeerJ</em> 8: e8406. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8406</p>
<p>Janik, P., Szczepaniak, M., Lado, C. & Ronikier, A. (2021) <em>Didymium pseudonivicola</em>: a new myxomycete from the austral Andes emerges from broad-scale morphological and molecular analyses of <em>D. nivicola</em> collections. <em>Mycologia</em> 113 (6): 1327–1342. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2021.1961068</p>
<p>Kowalski, D.(1966) A new species of <em>Lamproderma</em> from California. <em>Mycologia</em> 58: 808–810. https://doi.org/10.2307/3756857</p>
<p>Kowalski, D. (1968) Observations on the genus <em>Lamproderma</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 60: 756–768. https://doi.org/10.2307/3757381</p>
<p>Kowalski, D. (1970a) The genus <em>Lamproderma.</em> <em>Mycologia</em> 62: 621–672. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1970.12019010</p>
<p>Kowalski, D. (1970b) Concerning the validity of <em>Lamproderma echinosporum</em>. <em>Madroño</em> 20 (6): 323–326.</p>
<p>Kowalski, D. (1975a) The myxomycete taxa described by Charles Meylan. <em>Mycologia</em> 67 (3): 448–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1975.12019774</p>
<p>Kowalski, D. (1975b) The genus <em>Diacheopsis</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 67: 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1975.12019784</p>
<p>Kuhnt, A. (2011) <em>Lamproderma lycopodiicola </em>und <em>L. nordica </em>(Myxomycetes, <em>Stemonitales</em>), zwei neue nivicole Arten. <em>Zeitschrift für Mykologie</em> 77: 71–88.</p>
<p>Lado, C. (1991) Catálogo comentado y síntesis corológica de los Myxomycetes de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares (1788–1990). <em>Ruizia</em> 9: 1–142.</p>
<p>Lado, C. (2005–2021) An on line nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: http://www.nomen.eumycetozoa.com (accessed 17 June 2021)</p>
<p>Lado, C., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Estrada-Tores, A. & Stephenson, S.L. (2013) The biodiversity of myxomycetes in central Chile. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 59: 3–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0159-8</p>
<p>Martin, G.W. & Alexopoulos, C.J. (1969) <em>The Myxomycetes.</em> University of Iowa Press, Iowa City. 560 pp.</p>
<p>Meyer, M. & Poulain, M. (1998) <em>Diacheopsis kowalskii </em>et <em>Diacheopsis pauxilla</em> deux nouvelles espèces de myxomycètes. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 150: 27–37.</p>
<p>Meyer, M., Nowotny, W. & Poulain, M. (1994) Une espèce nouvelle du genre <em>Lamproderma </em>Rost. (Myxomycètes). <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 132: 34–38.</p>
<p>Meylan, Ch. (1924) Recherches sur les myxomycètes du Jura en 1921–22–23. <em>Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles</em> 55 (214): 237–244.</p>
<p>Meylan, Ch. (1932) Les espèces nivales du genre <em>Lamproderma</em>. <em>Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles</em> 57 (228): 359–373.</p>
<p>Moreno, G., López-Villalba, Á., Castillo, A. & Stephenson, S.L. (2018) Some nivicolous <em>Lamproderma </em>and <em>Meriderma </em>from the Himalayan Mountains of northwestern India. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 373: 221–230. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.373.3.5</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Rojas, C., Stephenson, S.L. & Singer, H. (2009) A new species of Lamproderma (Myxomycetes) from Costa Rica. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 8: 215–219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-009-0593-5</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Sánchez, A., López-Villalba, Á. & Castillo, A. (2019) <em>Lamproderma guadarramicum sp. nov.</em> a new nivicolous myxomycete from Spain. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid</em> 43: 17–24.</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Singer, H. & Illana, C. (2004a) A taxonomic review on the nivicolous myxomycete species described by Kowalski. II. <em>Physarales </em>and <em>Trichiales. Österreichische Zeirschrift für Pilzkunde</em> 13: 61–74.</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Singer, H., Sánchez, A., Illana, C. & Lizárraga, M. (2003) <em>Diderma nigrum</em>, a synonym of <em>diderma steroides </em>(Myxomycetes). <em>Österreichische Zeirschrift für Pilzkunde</em> 12: 23–29.</p>
<p>Moreno, G., Singer, H., Sánchez, A. & Illana, C. (2004b) A critical study of some Stemonitales of North American herbaria and comparison with European nivicolous collections. <em>Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid</em> 28: 21–41.</p>
<p>Morgan, A.P. (1894) The Myxomycetes of the Miami valley, Ohio. <em>Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History</em> 16 (4): 127–156.</p>
<p>Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. (1989) Seven new species of Myxomycetes. <em>Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Series C, biological and medical sciences</em> 92 (4): 505–515.</p>
<p>Nannenga-Bremekamp, N.E. & Yamamoto, Y. (1987) Additions to the Myxomycetes of Japan. III. <em>Proceedings, Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Series C, biological and medical sciences</em> 90 (3): 311–349.</p>
<p>Neubert, H., Nowotny, W. & Baumann, K. (2000) <em>Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Österreichs.</em> Band 3. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen. 391 pp.</p>
<p>Poulain, M. & Meyer, M. (2005) Les <em>Lamproderma </em>(Myxomycota, Stemonitales) du groupe <em>ovoideum</em>. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 176: 13–30.</p>
<p>Poulain, M. & Meyer, M. (2015) <em>Lamproderma muscicola</em>, une nouvelle espèce de myxomycètes. <em>Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</em> 218: 91–98.</p>
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