Abstract
Three new morphotypes of chrysophycean stomatocysts with long spines are described following International Statospore Working Group (ISWG) guidelines and illustrated by SEM micrographs. Differences of our new morphotypes from known stomatocysts are discussed. Their biological affinity is currently unknown.
References
<p>Bazhenova, O.P. (2021) <em>Atlas of Chrysophycean Cysts from plankton of water bodies of Omsk Priirtyshie</em>. Omsk, 122 pp. [In Russian]</p>
<p>Cronberg, D. & Sandgren, C.D. (1986) A proposal for the development of standardized nomenclature and terminlology for chrysophycean statospores. <em>In</em>: Kristiansen, J. & Andersen, R.A. (Eds.) <em>Chrysophytes: Aspects and Problems</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 317–328.</p>
<p>Duff, K.E. & Smol, J.P. (1991) Morphological descriptions and stratigraphic distributions of the chrysophycean stomatocysts from a recently acidified lake (Adirondack Park, N. Y.). <em>Journal of Paleolimnology</em> 5: 73–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226558</p>
<p>Duff, K.E., Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (1995) <em>Atlas of Chrysophycean Cysts</em>. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 189 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0809-8</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D., Bessudova, A.Yu. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2017) New data of chrysophycean stomatocysts from Lake Baikal. <em>Acta Biologica Sibirica</em> 3 (4): 113–122 [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.14258/abs.v3i4.3637</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D., Bessudova, A.Yu. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2018) Chrysophycean stomatosysts in tributaries of northern limit of Lake Baikal. <em>Acta Biologica Sibirica</em> 4 (4): 25–44. [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.14258/abs.444872</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D., Bessudova, A. Yu., Sorokovikova, L.M., Zhychenko, N.A., Istomina, N.A., Sezko, N.P. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2019) Stomatocyst diversity in the first years of the plankton species structure formation in Reservoir of Hydropower Plants (Boguchany Reservoir, Russia). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 424 (1): 18–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.424.1.2</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2006) <em>Atlas of chrysophycean cysts of lake Baikal</em>. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 148 pp.</p>
<p>Gilbert, S., Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (1997) Chrysophyte stomatocyst flora from a forest peat core in the Lena River Region, northeastern Siberia. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 64: 311–352. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082918040090</p>
<p>Kapustin, D.A. & Kapustina, N.V. (2018) New records of <em>Chrysococcus furcatus</em> (Chrysophyceae) in Russia. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 11: 384–386. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082918040090</p>
<p>Kapustin, D.A., Philippov, D.A. & Gusev, E.S. (2016) Four new chrysophycean stomatocysts with true complex collar from the Shichengskoe raised bog in Central Russia. <em>Phytotaxa </em>288 (3): 285–290.</p>
<p>Kapustin, D., Sterlyagova, I. & Patova, E. (2019) Morphology of <em>Chrysastrella paradoxa</em> stomatocysts from the Subpolar Urals (Russia) with comments on related morphotypes. <em>Phytotaxa </em>402 (6): 295–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.6.4</p>
<p>Korkonen, S. & Weckström, J. (2020) New Chrysophycean cyst morphotypes and their ecology in Finland. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 430 (3): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.3.3</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. & Škaloud, P. (2017) Chrysophyta. <em>In:</em> Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B. & Slamovits, C.H. (Eds.) <em>Handbook of the Protists</em>. 2nd Ed. Cham: 331–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_43</p>
<p>Pang, W. & Wang, Q. (2014) Chrysophycean stomatocysts from Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China.<em> Phytotaxa</em> 187 (1): 1–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.187.1.1</p>
<p>Pang, W. & Wang, Q. (2017) <em>Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Da Hinggan Mountains. </em>Science Press, Beijing, 253 pp. [in Chinese]</p>
<p>Pla, S. (2001) Chrysophycean cysts from the Pyrenees. <em>Bibliotheca Phycologica</em> 109: 1–179.</p>
<p>Safronova, T.V. (2015) A new morphotype of chrysophycean stomatocyst from the pond of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (Saint Petersburg). <em>Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rasteniy</em> 49: 848–858.</p>
<p>Shadrina, S.N. (2019) Diversity of chrysophycean (Chrysophyta) stomatocysts in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 104 (5): 684–698 [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006813619050120</p>
<p>Shadrina, S.N. & Safronova, T.V. (2020) Chrysophycean stomatocysts (Chrysophyta) in the algal flora of the Peterhof Parks. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 105 (3): 253–262 [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.31857/S0006813620030084</p>
<p>Snitko, L.V., Snitko, V.P. & Blinov, I.A. (2018) The formation and morphology of stomatocysts golden algae (Chrysophyceae, Synurophyceae) in the plankton of water bodies of the South Urals. <em>International journal of applied and fundamental research</em> 11: 114-118 [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.12460</p>
<p>Van Der Werff, A. (1955) A new method of concentrating and cleaning diatoms and other organisms. <em>Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie</em> 12: 276–277.</p>
<p>Voloshko, L.N. (2016) Chrysophycean algae in waterbodies of the Northwestern Russia. Diversity of stomatocysts. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 101 (11): 1257–1281 [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006813616110016</p>
<p>Vorobyova, S.S., Pomazkina, G.V., Baranova, E.Yu., Likhoshway, Ye.V. & Sandgren, C.D. (1996) Chrysophycean cysts (stomatocysts) from Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Reservoir, Siberia. <em>Journal of Paleolimnology</em> 15: 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213046</p>
<p>Wilkinson, A.N. & Smol, J.P. (1998) Chrysophycean stomatocyst flora from south-central Ontario lakes. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 76: 836-862.</p>
<p>Wilkinson, A.N., Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (2001) <em>Atlas of Chrysophycean Cysts</em> Vol. 2. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 169 pp.</p>
<p>Zeeb, B.A., Duff, K.E. & Smol, J.P. (1990) Morphological descriptions and stratigraphic profiles of chrysophycean stomatocysts from the recent sediments of Little Round Lake, Ontario. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 51: 361–380.</p>
<p>Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (2001) Chrysophyte scales and cysts.<em> In: </em>Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B. & Last, W.M. (Eds.) <em>Tracking EnvironmentaI Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 3: Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators.</em> Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47668-1_9</p>
<p>Cronberg, D. & Sandgren, C.D. (1986) A proposal for the development of standardized nomenclature and terminlology for chrysophycean statospores. <em>In</em>: Kristiansen, J. & Andersen, R.A. (Eds.) <em>Chrysophytes: Aspects and Problems</em>. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 317–328.</p>
<p>Duff, K.E. & Smol, J.P. (1991) Morphological descriptions and stratigraphic distributions of the chrysophycean stomatocysts from a recently acidified lake (Adirondack Park, N. Y.). <em>Journal of Paleolimnology</em> 5: 73–113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00226558</p>
<p>Duff, K.E., Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (1995) <em>Atlas of Chrysophycean Cysts</em>. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 189 pp. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0809-8</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D., Bessudova, A.Yu. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2017) New data of chrysophycean stomatocysts from Lake Baikal. <em>Acta Biologica Sibirica</em> 3 (4): 113–122 [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.14258/abs.v3i4.3637</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D., Bessudova, A.Yu. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2018) Chrysophycean stomatosysts in tributaries of northern limit of Lake Baikal. <em>Acta Biologica Sibirica</em> 4 (4): 25–44. [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.14258/abs.444872</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D., Bessudova, A. Yu., Sorokovikova, L.M., Zhychenko, N.A., Istomina, N.A., Sezko, N.P. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2019) Stomatocyst diversity in the first years of the plankton species structure formation in Reservoir of Hydropower Plants (Boguchany Reservoir, Russia). <em>Phytotaxa</em> 424 (1): 18–32. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.424.1.2</p>
<p>Firsova, A.D. & Likhoshway, Ye.V. (2006) <em>Atlas of chrysophycean cysts of lake Baikal</em>. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 148 pp.</p>
<p>Gilbert, S., Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (1997) Chrysophyte stomatocyst flora from a forest peat core in the Lena River Region, northeastern Siberia. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 64: 311–352. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082918040090</p>
<p>Kapustin, D.A. & Kapustina, N.V. (2018) New records of <em>Chrysococcus furcatus</em> (Chrysophyceae) in Russia. <em>Inland Water Biology</em> 11: 384–386. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995082918040090</p>
<p>Kapustin, D.A., Philippov, D.A. & Gusev, E.S. (2016) Four new chrysophycean stomatocysts with true complex collar from the Shichengskoe raised bog in Central Russia. <em>Phytotaxa </em>288 (3): 285–290.</p>
<p>Kapustin, D., Sterlyagova, I. & Patova, E. (2019) Morphology of <em>Chrysastrella paradoxa</em> stomatocysts from the Subpolar Urals (Russia) with comments on related morphotypes. <em>Phytotaxa </em>402 (6): 295–300. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.402.6.4</p>
<p>Korkonen, S. & Weckström, J. (2020) New Chrysophycean cyst morphotypes and their ecology in Finland. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 430 (3): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.430.3.3</p>
<p>Kristiansen, J. & Škaloud, P. (2017) Chrysophyta. <em>In:</em> Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B. & Slamovits, C.H. (Eds.) <em>Handbook of the Protists</em>. 2nd Ed. Cham: 331–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_43</p>
<p>Pang, W. & Wang, Q. (2014) Chrysophycean stomatocysts from Aershan Geological Park (Inner Mongolia), China.<em> Phytotaxa</em> 187 (1): 1–92. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.187.1.1</p>
<p>Pang, W. & Wang, Q. (2017) <em>Chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Da Hinggan Mountains. </em>Science Press, Beijing, 253 pp. [in Chinese]</p>
<p>Pla, S. (2001) Chrysophycean cysts from the Pyrenees. <em>Bibliotheca Phycologica</em> 109: 1–179.</p>
<p>Safronova, T.V. (2015) A new morphotype of chrysophycean stomatocyst from the pond of Peter the Great Botanical Garden (Saint Petersburg). <em>Novosti Sistematiki Nizshikh Rasteniy</em> 49: 848–858.</p>
<p>Shadrina, S.N. (2019) Diversity of chrysophycean (Chrysophyta) stomatocysts in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 104 (5): 684–698 [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006813619050120</p>
<p>Shadrina, S.N. & Safronova, T.V. (2020) Chrysophycean stomatocysts (Chrysophyta) in the algal flora of the Peterhof Parks. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 105 (3): 253–262 [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.31857/S0006813620030084</p>
<p>Snitko, L.V., Snitko, V.P. & Blinov, I.A. (2018) The formation and morphology of stomatocysts golden algae (Chrysophyceae, Synurophyceae) in the plankton of water bodies of the South Urals. <em>International journal of applied and fundamental research</em> 11: 114-118 [In Russian] https://doi.org/10.17513/mjpfi.12460</p>
<p>Van Der Werff, A. (1955) A new method of concentrating and cleaning diatoms and other organisms. <em>Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie</em> 12: 276–277.</p>
<p>Voloshko, L.N. (2016) Chrysophycean algae in waterbodies of the Northwestern Russia. Diversity of stomatocysts. <em>Botanicheskiy Zhurnal</em> 101 (11): 1257–1281 [In Russian]. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006813616110016</p>
<p>Vorobyova, S.S., Pomazkina, G.V., Baranova, E.Yu., Likhoshway, Ye.V. & Sandgren, C.D. (1996) Chrysophycean cysts (stomatocysts) from Lake Baikal and Irkutsk Reservoir, Siberia. <em>Journal of Paleolimnology</em> 15: 271–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213046</p>
<p>Wilkinson, A.N. & Smol, J.P. (1998) Chrysophycean stomatocyst flora from south-central Ontario lakes. <em>Canadian Journal of Botany</em> 76: 836-862.</p>
<p>Wilkinson, A.N., Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (2001) <em>Atlas of Chrysophycean Cysts</em> Vol. 2. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 169 pp.</p>
<p>Zeeb, B.A., Duff, K.E. & Smol, J.P. (1990) Morphological descriptions and stratigraphic profiles of chrysophycean stomatocysts from the recent sediments of Little Round Lake, Ontario. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 51: 361–380.</p>
<p>Zeeb, B.A. & Smol, J.P. (2001) Chrysophyte scales and cysts.<em> In: </em>Smol, J.P., Birks, H.J.B. & Last, W.M. (Eds.) <em>Tracking EnvironmentaI Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 3: Terrestrial, Algal, and Siliceous Indicators.</em> Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47668-1_9</p>