Abstract
Perenniporia subrhizomorpha is introduced as a new species from North China on the basis of morphological and molecular evidence. Phylogenetically, based on ITS and nLSU regions, P. subrhizomorpha nested with two species belong to Perenniporia s.s. as a distinct lineage. Perenniporia subrhizomorpha is characterized by having an annual habit, resupinate and papery basidiomes, a dimitic hyphal system with crystal-covered generative hyphae in context, ellipsoid, truncated, dextrinoid basidiospores (5.7–6.5 × 4.3–5.5 μm), and absence of cystidia and cystidioles. Morphologically similar and phylogenetically related species to the new species are discussed.
References
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<p>Dai, Y.C., Niemelä, T. & Kinnunen, J. (2002) The polypore genera <em>Abundisporus</em> and <em>Perenniporia</em> (Basidiomycota) in China, with notes on <em>Haploporus</em>. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 39: 169–182.</p>
<p>Decock, C. (2001a) Studies in <em>Perenniporia</em>. Some Southeast Asian taxa revisited. <em>Mycologia </em>93: 774–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2001.12063210</p>
<p>Decock, C. (2001b) Studies in<em> Perenniporia</em>: African taxa I. <em>Perenniporia dendrohyphidia </em>and <em>Perenniporia subdendrohyphia</em>. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 71: 45–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668752</p>
<p>Decock, C. & Ryvarden, L. (2003)<em> Perenniporiella</em> gen. nov. segregated from <em>Perenniporia</em>, including a key to neotropical <em>Perenniporia </em>species with pileate basidiomes. <em>Mycological Research</em> 107 (1): 93–103.</p>
<p>Decock, C., Figueroa S.H. & Ryvarden, L. (2001) Studies in<em> Perenniporia</em>. <em>Perenniporia contraria</em> and its presumed taxonomic synonym <em>Fomes subannosus</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 93: 196−204. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761616</p>
<p>Decock, C. & Stalpers, J.A. (2006) Studies in <em>Perenniporia</em>: <em>Polyporus unitus</em>, <em>Boletus medulla-panis</em>, the nomenclature of <em>Perenniporia</em>,<em> Poria</em> and <em>Physisporus</em>, and a note on European <em>Perenniporia</em> with a resupinate basidiome. <em>Taxon </em>55 (3): 759–778.</p>
<p>Du, P., Wang, C.G. & Tian, X.M. (2020) <em>Perenniporia eugeissonae</em> sp. nov., a new species on palm discovered from Malaysia. <em>Phytotaxa </em>449 (1): 75–82.</p>
<p>Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2003) A simple, fast and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 52: 696–704. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/8/10</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Kuma, K., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. (2005) MAFFT version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 33: 511–518.</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780.</p>
<p>Kotlába, F., & Pouzar, Z. (1964) Staining spores of Homobasidiomycetes in cotton blue and its importance for taxonomy. <em>Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 69: 131–142.</p>
<p>Kotlába, F., & Pouzar, Z. (1973) <em>Donkioporia</em> Kotl. & Pouz., a new genus for <em>Poria megalopora </em>(Pers.) Cooke. <em>Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi</em> 7 (2): 213–216.</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1905) The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 32 (9): 469–493.</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1942) Florida resupinate polypores. <em>Mycologia</em> 34 (5): 595–596.</p>
<p>Pattengale, N.D., Alipour, M., Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P., Moret, B.M.E. & Stamatakis, A. (2010) How many bootstrap replicates are necessary? <em>Journal of Computational Biology</em> 17: 337–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2009.0179</p>
<p>Petersen, J.H. (1996) <em>Farvekort. The Danish Mycological Society’s colour-chart.</em> Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve.</p>
<p>Pilát, A. (1953) Hymenomycetes novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae. II. <em>Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae</em> 9B (2): 1–109.</p>
<p>Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 25: 1253–1256.</p>
<p>Reid, D.A. (1973) A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch. <em>South African Journal of Botany </em>39 (2): 141–178.</p>
<p>Robledo, G.L., Amalfi, M., Castillo, G., Rajchenberg, M. & Decock, C. (2009) <em>Perenniporiella chaquenia</em> sp. nov. and further notes on <em>Perenniporiella</em> and its relationships with <em>Perenniporia </em>(Poriales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycologia</em> 101: 657–673. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.867</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology </em>61: 539–542.</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (1983) Two <em>Perenniporia</em> species from Pakistan. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 17: 517–520.</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (1998) African polypores: a review. <em>Belgian Journal of Botany</em> 131: 150–155.</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity and Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Teixeira, A.R. (1993) Chave para identificação dos gêneros de Polyporaceae com base na morfologia dobasidiocarpo. <em>Boletim do Instituto de Botânica</em> 8: 1–55.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246.</p>
<p>Wang, C.G., Liu, S.L. & Wu, F (2020) Two new species of <em>Perenniporia</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>MycoKeys</em> 69: 53–69. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.51652</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applications. </em>Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322.</p>
<p>Wu, Z.Q., Liu, W.L., Wang, Z.H. & Zhao, C.L. (2017) <em>Perenniporiopsis</em>, a New Polypore Genus Segregated from Perenniporia (Polyporales). <em>Cryptogamie</em> <em>Mycologie</em> 38: 285–299. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss3.2017.285</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L. & Cui, B.K. (2013a) Morphological and molecular identification of four new resupinate species of <em>Perenniporia </em>(Polyporales) from southern China. <em>Mycologia </em>105: 945–958. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-201</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L. & Cui, B.K. (2013b) Three new <em>Perenniporia</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) species from China based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Mycoscience</em> 54: 231–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2012.09.013</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2013) New species and phylogeny of <em>Perenniporia </em>based on morphological and molecular characters. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>58: 47–60. <em>h</em>ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0177-6</p>
<p>Zhou, L.W. & Dai, Y.C. (2012) Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 5. New species of <em>Theleporus</em> and <em>Grammothele</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycologia</em> 104: 915–924. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-302</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Cui, B.K., Li, H.J., Ji, X., Zhou, J.L., Song, J., Si, J., Yang, Z.L. & Dai, Y.C. (2019) Species diversity, taxonomy and phylogeny of Polyporaceae (Basidiomycota) in China. <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 97: 137–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00427-4</p>
<p>Cui, B.K. & Zhao, C.L. (2012) Morphological and molecular evidence for a new species of <em>Perenniporia</em> (Basidiomycota) from Tibet, southwestern China. <em>Mycoscience </em>53: 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-011-0180-x</p>
<p>Dai, Y.C., Niemelä, T. & Kinnunen, J. (2002) The polypore genera <em>Abundisporus</em> and <em>Perenniporia</em> (Basidiomycota) in China, with notes on <em>Haploporus</em>. <em>Annales Botanici Fennici</em> 39: 169–182.</p>
<p>Decock, C. (2001a) Studies in <em>Perenniporia</em>. Some Southeast Asian taxa revisited. <em>Mycologia </em>93: 774–795. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2001.12063210</p>
<p>Decock, C. (2001b) Studies in<em> Perenniporia</em>: African taxa I. <em>Perenniporia dendrohyphidia </em>and <em>Perenniporia subdendrohyphia</em>. <em>Systematics and Geography of Plants</em> 71: 45–51. https://doi.org/10.2307/3668752</p>
<p>Decock, C. & Ryvarden, L. (2003)<em> Perenniporiella</em> gen. nov. segregated from <em>Perenniporia</em>, including a key to neotropical <em>Perenniporia </em>species with pileate basidiomes. <em>Mycological Research</em> 107 (1): 93–103.</p>
<p>Decock, C., Figueroa S.H. & Ryvarden, L. (2001) Studies in<em> Perenniporia</em>. <em>Perenniporia contraria</em> and its presumed taxonomic synonym <em>Fomes subannosus</em>. <em>Mycologia</em> 93: 196−204. https://doi.org/10.2307/3761616</p>
<p>Decock, C. & Stalpers, J.A. (2006) Studies in <em>Perenniporia</em>: <em>Polyporus unitus</em>, <em>Boletus medulla-panis</em>, the nomenclature of <em>Perenniporia</em>,<em> Poria</em> and <em>Physisporus</em>, and a note on European <em>Perenniporia</em> with a resupinate basidiome. <em>Taxon </em>55 (3): 759–778.</p>
<p>Du, P., Wang, C.G. & Tian, X.M. (2020) <em>Perenniporia eugeissonae</em> sp. nov., a new species on palm discovered from Malaysia. <em>Phytotaxa </em>449 (1): 75–82.</p>
<p>Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2003) A simple, fast and accurate algorithm to estimate large phylogenies by maximum likelihood. <em>Systematic Biology</em> 52: 696–704. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/8/8/10</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Kuma, K., Toh, H. & Miyata, T. (2005) MAFFT version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. <em>Nucleic Acids Research</em> 33: 511–518.</p>
<p>Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 30: 772–780.</p>
<p>Kotlába, F., & Pouzar, Z. (1964) Staining spores of Homobasidiomycetes in cotton blue and its importance for taxonomy. <em>Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis</em> 69: 131–142.</p>
<p>Kotlába, F., & Pouzar, Z. (1973) <em>Donkioporia</em> Kotl. & Pouz., a new genus for <em>Poria megalopora </em>(Pers.) Cooke. <em>Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi</em> 7 (2): 213–216.</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1905) The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species. <em>Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club</em> 32 (9): 469–493.</p>
<p>Murrill, W.A. (1942) Florida resupinate polypores. <em>Mycologia</em> 34 (5): 595–596.</p>
<p>Pattengale, N.D., Alipour, M., Bininda-Emonds, O.R.P., Moret, B.M.E. & Stamatakis, A. (2010) How many bootstrap replicates are necessary? <em>Journal of Computational Biology</em> 17: 337–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2009.0179</p>
<p>Petersen, J.H. (1996) <em>Farvekort. The Danish Mycological Society’s colour-chart.</em> Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve.</p>
<p>Pilát, A. (1953) Hymenomycetes novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae. II. <em>Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae</em> 9B (2): 1–109.</p>
<p>Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. <em>Molecular Biology and Evolution</em> 25: 1253–1256.</p>
<p>Reid, D.A. (1973) A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch. <em>South African Journal of Botany </em>39 (2): 141–178.</p>
<p>Robledo, G.L., Amalfi, M., Castillo, G., Rajchenberg, M. & Decock, C. (2009) <em>Perenniporiella chaquenia</em> sp. nov. and further notes on <em>Perenniporiella</em> and its relationships with <em>Perenniporia </em>(Poriales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycologia</em> 101: 657–673. https://doi.org/10.5248/132.867</p>
<p>Ronquist, F., Teslenko, M., van der Mark, P., Ayres, D., Darling, A., Höhna, S., Larget, B., Liu, L., Suchard, M.A. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2012) MrBayes 3.2: efficient Bayesian phylogenetic inference and model choice across a large model space. <em>Systematic Biology </em>61: 539–542.</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (1983) Two <em>Perenniporia</em> species from Pakistan. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 17: 517–520.</p>
<p>Ryvarden, L. (1998) African polypores: a review. <em>Belgian Journal of Botany</em> 131: 150–155.</p>
<p>Silvestro, D. & Michalak, I. (2012) raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. <em>Organisms Diversity and Evolution</em> 12: 335–337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-011-0056-0</p>
<p>Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 22: 2688–2690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446</p>
<p>Teixeira, A.R. (1993) Chave para identificação dos gêneros de Polyporaceae com base na morfologia dobasidiocarpo. <em>Boletim do Instituto de Botânica</em> 8: 1–55.</p>
<p>Vilgalys, R. & Hester, M. (1990) Rapid genetic identification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several <em>Cryptococcus</em> species. <em>Journal of Bacteriology</em> 172: 4238–4246.</p>
<p>Wang, C.G., Liu, S.L. & Wu, F (2020) Two new species of <em>Perenniporia</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>MycoKeys</em> 69: 53–69. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.51652</p>
<p>White, T.J., Bruns, T.D., Lee, S.B & Taylor, J.W. (1990) Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. <em>In</em>: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. & White, T.J. (Eds.) <em>PCR Protocols: A guide to methods and applications. </em>Academic Press, New York, pp. 315–322.</p>
<p>Wu, Z.Q., Liu, W.L., Wang, Z.H. & Zhao, C.L. (2017) <em>Perenniporiopsis</em>, a New Polypore Genus Segregated from Perenniporia (Polyporales). <em>Cryptogamie</em> <em>Mycologie</em> 38: 285–299. https://doi.org/10.7872/crym/v38.iss3.2017.285</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L. & Cui, B.K. (2013a) Morphological and molecular identification of four new resupinate species of <em>Perenniporia </em>(Polyporales) from southern China. <em>Mycologia </em>105: 945–958. https://doi.org/10.3852/12-201</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L. & Cui, B.K. (2013b) Three new <em>Perenniporia</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) species from China based on morphological and molecular data. <em>Mycoscience</em> 54: 231–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.myc.2012.09.013</p>
<p>Zhao, C.L., Cui, B.K. & Dai, Y.C. (2013) New species and phylogeny of <em>Perenniporia </em>based on morphological and molecular characters. <em>Fungal Diversity </em>58: 47–60. <em>h</em>ttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0177-6</p>
<p>Zhou, L.W. & Dai, Y.C. (2012) Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 5. New species of <em>Theleporus</em> and <em>Grammothele</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota). <em>Mycologia</em> 104: 915–924. https://doi.org/10.3852/11-302</p>
<p> </p>